二尖瓣成形术在感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全中的应用研究

目的评估二尖瓣成形术治疗自体感染性心内膜炎(infective endocarditis,IE)的可行性及中远期疗效。方法选取2011年1月-2015年6月医院收治的因感染性心内膜炎单纯累及二尖瓣并致二尖瓣关闭不全患者68例为研究对象,其中二尖瓣成形术(mitral valve plasty,MVP)19例为MVP组,二尖瓣置换术(mitral valve replacement,MVR)49例为MVR组。比较两组患者的一般资料及手术结局和随访情况。结果术前两组左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular diastolic diameter,LVDD)、射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)和心功能分级(New York Heart Association,NYHA)差异无统计学意义;MVP组手术方法采用彻底清除赘生物后,行瓣膜穿孔直接修补5例,心包修补5例,人工腱索5例(前叶3例,后叶2例),前叶三角形或楔形切除2例,后叶三角形或楔形切除9例,全组均植入二尖瓣成形环。MVR组植入机械瓣28例,生物瓣21例;手术后两组各死亡1例,MVP组死因呼吸衰竭,MVR组死因顽固性人工瓣心内膜炎;MVP组术中心脏复跳后经食道心脏超声(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)显示15例无明显返流,3例轻度返流,1例轻中度返流,1例中度以上返流重新转流行MVR术;MVP组主动脉阻断时间长于MVR组(P<0.05);术后MVR组失访2例,共64例(MVP18例,MVR46例)进入随访,平均随访时间(41.5±25.6)个月,MVP组无二次手术,经胸超声心动图随访显示轻度返流4例,轻中度返流2例,中度返流1例;MVR组1例因瓣周漏二次手术,术后痊愈出院,余无死亡,无重大心血管事件。结论选择性应用MVP治疗IE所致的二尖瓣关闭不全手术安全可行,中远期疗效满意。     

The mitral valve prolapse syndrome

In clinical perception, the syndrome has evolved from a neuropsychiatric disorder to a medical disease with an anatomic basis. Still unanswered is whether the autonomic and adrenergic dysfunctions that occur in some patients are an intrinsic part of the syndrome or of an unrelated anxiety neurosis. Pending clarification, both medical and psychological aspects require attention.     

Thromboembolic accident after mitral valve replacement

Between January 1981 and December 2000, we report 112 cases of mitral valvular replacement with bileaflet prothesis. Saint Jude prosthesis was implanted in 71% of cases. With a mean follow-up of 110 months we report a thromboembolic accident in 7 cases (6.2%). The linear rate of thromboembolic accident is 0.69% A/P. This complication was concerned 5 women and 5 men. The mean age is 54 years (43-65 years). An embolic accident without prosthesis thrombosis is noted in 6 cases. We report only one case of prosthesis occlusive thrombosis with urgent chirurgical intervention. Par rapport au RVM, l'ATE est survenue dans uns délai moyen de 129 months (86-168 months). Left atrium size, embolic antecedent, and bad anticoagulation are the predicted factors of thromboembolic accidents in our study. Patient age and sex, atrial fibrillation, type of bileaflet prosthesis don't influence the occurrence of thromboembolic accident.     

Changing P waves after mitral valve replacement

A 55-year-old man is convalescing from mitral valve replacement five days earlier. He had severe calcific mitral stenosis and moderately severe hypertension, with repeated attacks of acute pulmonary edema. He had always been in normal sinus rhythm, except for a single episode of atrial fibrillation associated with one of his episodes of acute pulmonary edema. He had been taking digoxin (0.25 mg daily) but this was stopped the day before the operation. The cardiac rhythm has been mostly regular since the operation, but occasional irregularities have been noted. An ECG on the fifth postoperative day is shown.     

Surgical management with mitral valve replacement in young infants with congenital mitral valve diseases and complete atrioventricular septal defect

Objectives: The mechanical valve replacement may be the only option if the failing mitral valve cannot be repaired in complete AV septal defect (CAVSD), or congenital mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation in infants. In young infants the small mitral annulus - prothesis mismatch is a big problem. Aim: To assess the possibility of the left AV orifice repair and the necessity of mechanical valve replacement in CAVSD in young infants. Methods: Single center, retrospective study of 82 infants (13 pts under 3 months) who underwent complete repair of CAVSD between 2001 and 2007. Mechanical (bileaflet) valve replacement was required in 7 pts (5 weeks-7 months, 3.5-5 kg). The time interval between the two operations was 0-7 days, but the smallest baby spent 38 days in the intensive care unit waiting for increasing of his mitral annulus size from 11 to 15 mm. (Types of implanted valves: 2 Carbomedics 16 mm, 3 ATS 16 mm, 1 Sorin 17 mm, 1 Sorin 19 mm.) ATS 16 mm valves were implanted in 2 infants each with congenital mitral valve stenosis and regurgutation. Results: Early mortality (30 days) was 0, but 2 pts died in sepsis on the 46th and 71st postoperative day, respectively. In the follow-up period of 1-6 (mean 3) years 1 child (18 months later) needed reoperation (pannus removal), now all pts are doing well. Anticoagulation therapy was difficult in some cases without complication. Conclusions: The surgical repair of congenital mitral valve diseases and CAVSD can be performed successfully in very young infants. If the anatomic characteristics of the mitral valve is not suitable for repair, only mechanical mitral valve replacement can be performed successfully even in sometimes hopeless situation (one of our pts of 3.5 kg weight, is the smallest baby mentioned in the literature). Our early and mid-time results are good, but the re-replacement will be an unavoidable problem in the future.     

Quality of life of children with mitral valve prolapse

Objective  

The aim of our prospective study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and the impact of clinical symptoms on HRQOL.     

The clinical and diagnostic features of mitral valve disease

Mitral valve disease remains common, and requires regular clinical and echocardiographic review. Surgery is indicated soon after the development of symptoms or at the first sign of left ventricular decompensation in mitral regurgitation or of the right ventricle in mitral stenosis.     

Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in keratoconus patients.

Fifty patients with advanced degrees of keratoconus, requiring corneal transplantation, were screened for mitral valve prolapse by two dimensional echocardiography. The overall prevalence of 58% was found to be statistically higher than the prevalence of 7% found in a group of age and sex-matched controls. It was also found to be higher than the previously reported prevalence of 38% in a group of keratoconus patients with similar age and sex match to our series. The findings of our study in conjunction with the histopathological and biochemical similarities between the two conditions strongly suggest that they may be different manifestations of similar defects in collagen metabolism.