Current problems of clinical radiation medicine]

Results, prospects of studying the effects of ionizing radiation on human beings are considered with regard to the outcomes of the Chernobyl catastrophe and the results of a 5-year implementation of the All-Union Programme C-27. Present-day problems and approaches to investigation for the nearest 5-year period are formulated.     

癫痫患者的相关心理认知问题

目的:近年来对癫痫患者心理问题的研究与干预工作不断受到重视,在癫痫疾病的临床治疗中也比较关注患者的心理问题。分析与癫痫相关的心理问题,以探讨未来对癫痫患者进行心理治疗性干预的发展与存在的问题。资料来源:应用计算机检索http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed,2003-01/2004-09与癫痫相关的心理问题相关的文章,检索词“epilepsia,mental,state”,检索中文数据库http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn,2003-01/2004-08的与癫痫,心理问题相关文章,检索词为“癫痫,心理”,同时用手工检索近期的相关中文期刊和有关书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,筛除与“Epilepsiamentalstate“不相关英文文献,筛除与“癫痫,心理问题”无关的中文文献和综述类文献,并对所选中文献开始查找全文。资料提炼:共收集到癫痫相关心理问题文章中文文献43篇,英文14篇。资料综合:对检索资料进行评价,目前的研究主要有:①癫痫对认知功能损害研究。②应激在癫痫发作和治疗中的作用。③假性癫痫发作(又称心因性癫痫发作)与有关刑事责任能力的研究。④癫痫患者生活质量研究。⑤癫痫患者个性的研究。⑥癫痫患者治疗依从性研究。⑦癫痫患者心理上存在的其他问题研究。⑧未来进行临床心理干预性研究设想与目前存在的问题。结论:癫痫发病率及     

Current problems in cardiac transplantation

Since our initial orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) in 1968, the first in Europe, 1130 patients with ages ranging from 1 month to 66 years have been referred to us. The cause of irreversible myocardial damage was idiopathic cardiomyopathy in 74%, ischemic heart disease in 19% and left ventricular failure after valvular replacement in 7%. A total of 540 transplantations, 463 orthotopic, 40 heterotopic and 37 heart-lungs were carried out. Features of the early post-operative course include temporary (first week) cardiac instability treated by isoproterenol. Later complications included rejection (95%) and side-effects of immunosuppressive therapy; infection (83%), osteoporosis, malignancy, graft atherosclerosis (2%). Cyclosporine (Cy) was responsible for diastolic hypertension, renal dysfunction, hirsutism, hyperplasia of the gingiva, hepatic dysfunction, and seizures. The survival rate of the Cy-treated patients was 68% at 7 years. All survivors have virtually normal social and professional lives, included the longest survivor 14 years after the operation. Recently in 34 patients in acute irreversible cardiac failure and who cannot have a transplant in time, we implant a total artificial heart (TAH) type JARVIK 7 during a period from 1-150 days. There has been no mechanical failure, hemolysis or thrombo-embolism and only one right ventricular device malposition; 20 patients died before transplantation, 13 were successfully transplanted, 1 is still on the artificial heart. Heart transplantation, and TAH used as a bridge to transplantation are now an accepted therapeutic means for irreversibly cardiac failure in selected patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)