前列腺特异性抗原并非特异

前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）首先是从精浆中发现的，当时Ｈａｒａ等［１］称之为γ精浆蛋白，Ｌｉ等［２］称之为Ｅ１蛋白，Ｓｅｎｓａｂａｕｇｈ［３］称为Ｐ３０，可用于对强奸犯的法医鉴定。Ｗａｎｇ等［４］于１９７７年首先在前列腺组织中发现ＰＳＡ，２年后将它...     

前列腺特异抗原分子类型及临床意义

前列腺癌 ( PCa)发病率有逐年增高的趋势 ,这与临床广泛应用血清前列腺特异抗原 ( PSA)浓度测定方法有很大关系。迄今 ,PSA已成为敏感性与特异性最高的泌尿系肿瘤血清标记物 ,各医院已将其作为常规检查项目用以检测 PCa。由于 PSA对肿瘤并非有特异性 ,故用以诊断 PCa的敏感性与     

前列腺结石与血清前列腺特异抗原关系的研究

血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)是诊断和鉴别诊断前列腺癌(PCa)的一项重要指标,但许多良性前列腺疾病如前列腺增生、前列腺炎也可导致血清PSA升高.前列腺结石在前列腺疾病中发病率较高,有关前列腺结石对血清PSA有无影响的临床研究较少.本文就前列腺结石对血清PSA有无影响进行了临床研究,现分析报告如下.     

慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中前列腺特异性抗原的变化

目的测定慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）在前列腺液中的变化,以探讨其对此类疾病诊断的意义。方法对５５例慢性前列腺炎及１１例泌尿外科非前列腺炎疾病患者的前列腺液进行常规检查、细菌培养和ＰＳＡ光密度值（ＯＤ值）检测。结果实验组的ＰＳＡ水平较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在细菌性及非细菌性前列腺炎时ＰＳＡ水平无明显变化,实验组与对照组卵磷脂小体差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜０．０００５）,实验组前列腺液中的白细胞计数与ＰＳＡ相关系数ｒ＝０．２,Ｐ＜０．０４。结论慢性前列腺炎时前列腺液中的ＰＳＡ可增高,ＰＳＡ可作为诊断慢性前列腺炎的一个辅助指标。     

自建血清前列腺特异抗原测定方法的临床应用

作者建立了血清前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）的生物素－亲和素酶联免疫（ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定法并用于临床。测定结果表明，合并前列腺急或慢性炎症患者的血清ＰＳＡ水平显著高于单纯前列腺增生患者。以１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ为界值诊断前列腺癌，其敏感性为６２．９６％，特异性为９１．８１％。我们用自建的ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法和进口试剂盒Ｔａｎｄｅｍ－Ｅ法平行测定了良性前列腺增生组的血清ＰＳＡ水平，结果表明ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法用于临床比Ｔａｎｄｅｍ－Ｅ法更灵敏、更经济。     

以前列腺特异抗原水平分组筛查与前列腺穿刺阳性率的关系

目的探讨不同血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平前列腺癌检出情况以及直肠指诊(DRE)、经直肠超声检查(TRUS)、PSA密度(PSAD)等指标对筛查前列腺穿刺活检病例的意义。方法回顾性分析在1996年4月至2002年12月间行TRUS引导前列腺6点系统穿刺活检的634例患者的诊断资料,对各PSA组(≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L组)中前列腺癌的检出率,以及PSA、DRE、TRUS、PSAD等对前列腺癌的预测作用进行t检验、χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果PSA≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L各组的前列腺癌检出率分别为11.6%(17/146),26.8%(38/142),39.8%(68/171)和68.6%(120/175)。PSA的敏感性最高(93.0%),特异性低(33.0%);DRE、TRUS等诊断效率较低。随血清PSA水平升高,前列腺癌检出率以及DRE、TRUS的阳性预测值逐渐升高;在PSA4.1~20.0μg/L者中,PSAD对前列腺癌有较大的预测价值(OR=687.09±646.96,P=0.000)。以PSAD≥0.13μg.L-1.cm-3为截点筛查前列腺穿刺病例,可在不明显降低敏感性的基础上,减少阴性穿刺。结论各PSA组国人与欧美等国前列腺癌检出率有较大差别;DRE、TRUS的筛查作用与血清PSA水平有关;按PSA水平分组筛查穿刺病例,可提高前列腺穿刺的阳性率。     

前列腺特异抗原临床应用研究进展

前列腺特异抗原(PSA)已被广泛地作为一个生物学标志用于发现前列腺癌(PCa)和评估治疗的反应。但是，标准血清总数PSA测试对发现大部分早期肿瘤还缺乏敏感性和特异性，其适当的筛选价值仍有争论。进一步的研究发现了PSA对PCa的致病机理和治疗上所扮演的角色和新的作用。     

前列腺体积对前列腺特异抗原的影响

目的：研究前列腺特异怕（ＰＳＡ）与前列腺增生腺体体积的关系及其在前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）诊断中的价值。方法：７５例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者根据其ＰＳＡ〉或≤４μｇ／Ｌ分为两组,另有２５例ＰＣａ患者,术后用放射免疫法测定血清ＰＳＡ《所有患者经Ｂ超测出前列腺体积,用ｔ检验和相关分析研究各组间的差异及相关性。结果：ＰＳＡ〉４μｇ／Ｌ的ＢＰＨ较之ＰＳＡ≤４μｇ／Ｌ者,腺体体积显著增大且ＰＳＡ和ＰＳＡ密度（ＰＳ     

Ⅳ型前列腺炎与前列腺特异性抗原的关系

目的 探讨Ⅳ型前列腺炎与前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的关系. 方法回顾性分析245例前列腺疾病患者的临床病理资料,患者平均年龄68(32～87)岁,均无前列腺癌和穿刺活检史,均行PSA、全身骨扫描、磁共振成像(MRI)和前列腺穿刺活检.结果 245例经病理证实为良性前列腺增生(BPH)118例(48%)、BPH合并Ⅳ型前列腺炎(CP)127例(52%).BPH组患者f-PSA、t-PSA、f/t-PSA平均值分别为(1.70±1.70)、(9.40±8.10)ng/ml和0.19±0.09;合并CP组平均值分别为(2.83±4.37)、(16.87±20.51)ng/ml和0.20±0.14,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析结果显示t-PSA(P＜0.001)、f-PSA(P=0.003)和f/t-PSA(P=0.04)是BPH和CP最相关的指标.通过ROC曲线确定上述敏感指标的界值,以f-PSA≥0.85为界值诊断Ⅳ型前列腺炎的敏感度为77%,特异度为25%,ROC曲线下面积为0.60(P=0.014);t-PSA≥4.00 ng/ml为界值诊断Ⅳ型前列腺炎的敏感度为94%,特异度为20%,ROC曲线下面积为0.65(P=0.014);f/t-PSA≤0.16为界值诊断Ⅳ型前列腺炎的敏感度为56%,特异度为64%,ROC曲线下面积为0.61(P=0.003).结论 Ⅳ型前列腺炎是PSA升高的原因之一,以血清PSA作为前列腺癌的筛选指标时,应充分考虑前列腺炎的影响.对前列腺活检标本的病理报告,应包括对前列腺炎症的详细描述.     

慢性前列腺炎血清PSA浓度改变及临床意义

目的 观察慢性前列腺炎患者血清PSA浓度改变及其对本病诊断和治疗的作用。方法 22岁～55岁的慢性前列腺炎患者60例,测定其血清PSA浓度。根据前列腺按摩液中(EPS)白细胞(WBC)计数的多少,将患者分为轻(WBC<10/HP)、中(10/HP≤WBC<30/HP)、重(WBC≥10/HP)三组,并行三组PSA的组间比较。9例重度者治疗前后临床症状和PSA分别进行比较。30例行EPS细菌培养。结果 血清PSA升高比例为46.7％。其中轻组10％、中组10％,重度26.7％。轻、中、重三组血清PSA平均值分别为(2.383±2.8350)mg/ml,(3.1571±2.6432)mg/ml及(7.1557±5.9110)mg/ml。轻中组间PSA改变无明显差异,P>0.2而轻、中组与重组间PSA变化均有显著性差异,P<0.001和P<0.005。9例重度者治疗后PSA大幅度下降,治疗前后相比有显著性差异,P<0.001。非细菌性前列腺炎血清PSA升高比细菌性前列腺炎更明显,两者有明显差异,P<0.05。结论 慢性前列腺炎血清PSA浓度升高比例大约为50％左右,PSA可作为衡量该疾病严重程度及判断治疗效果好坏的一个重要指标。     

前列腺炎对血清PSA浓度的影响

目的 :探讨前列腺炎对血清 PSA浓度的影响。方法 :选择 48例 2 1～ 40岁的前列腺炎患者 ,用 EL ISA法测定直肠指检前的血清 PSA浓度 ,与正常组 2 1例对照 ,并对比治疗前后血清 PSA浓度的变化。结果 :前列腺炎组和对照组的血清 PSA浓度分别为 (1.5± 0 .4)和 (0 .4± 0 .2 ) μg/ L,两组间有极显著性差异 (t=11.96 ,P<0 .0 0 1) ;31例治疗有效者 ,治疗后血清 PSA浓度较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而 12例无效者 ,血清 PSA浓度较治疗前下降不明显 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :前列腺炎时血清 PSA浓度明显升高 ,但随着炎症的消失 ,PSA浓度可逐渐恢复正常。     

血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义。方法对192例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA≥4ng/ml者184例,PSA<4ng/ml且直肠指诊及经直肠B超有阳性发现者8例。对PSA、PSAD和PSAT与前列腺穿刺活检的关系进行分析。结果192例患者中经前列腺穿刺诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)100例,活检阳性率52.1%,其中8例PSA<4ng/ml者中,活检结果为前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例,良性前列腺增生7例;93例PSA>20ng/ml者中80例为PCa,活检阳性率86.0%;91例PSA4~20ng/ml者中19例为PCa,活检阳性率20.9%。血清PSA4~20ng/ml患者,PSAD>0.10或PSAT>0.10时,敏感性均为100%,特异性为11.1%或4.2%,阳性预测值为22.9%或21.6%,可避免8.8%(8/91)或3.3%(3/91)阴性穿刺结果。血清PSA4~20ng/ml时,前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA分别为(13.2±4.7)和(11.4±4.6)ng/ml(P>0.05);PSAD分别为0.36±0.18和0.19±0.09(P=0.001);PSAT分别为0.67±0.36和0.32±0.18(P=0.000)。血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.810和0.833,PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积与PSA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSA>20ng/ml时应做前列腺穿刺活检;PSA4~20ng/ml时,PSAD和PSAT对预测患者是否行前列腺穿刺活检有较大帮助。     

The correlation between serum prostate specific antigen levels and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

Introduction Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is a common pathological finding in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and extent and aggressiveness of inflammation in surgical specimens of patients who underwent to surgery for BPH without any evidence of clinical prostatitis. Methods Histological sections of the prostatic tissues of 52 patients were scored for the extent of inflammation and aggressiveness of inflammation, using the four point scale designed by Irani et al. Extent of inflammation is graded from 0 to 3 according to the degree of invasion of inflammatory cells in prostate tissue. Aggressiveness of inflammation is graded from 0 to 3 according to the degree of contact or disruption of prostatic glandular epithelium by inflammatory cells. The serum PSA levels in different inflammation grades were compared. Results There was a significant correlation between inflammation and aggressiveness scores (r = 0.39, P < 0.01). Median PSA levels in grades 1, 2 and 3 extent of inflammation were 2.4, 5.2 and 5.7 ng/ml, respectively. There was not any significant difference between these grades for PSA. Furthermore, median PSA levels in grades 1, 2 and 3 aggressiveness of inflammation were 4.4, 4.8 and 8.7 ng/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference between grades of aggressiveness of inflammation and PSA levels. Conclusion High serum PSA levels may correlate with asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis with high aggressiveness score in BPH patients without clinical prostatitis.     

Treatment of chronic prostatitis lowers serum prostate specific antigen

PURPOSE: We evaluated men with documented chronic prostatitis and elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to determine whether treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs lowers serum PSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 95 men who presented with serum PSA greater than 4 ng./ml. and were subsequently diagnosed with chronic prostatitis with greater than 10 white blood cells per high power field in expressed prostatic excretions. Patients meeting these criteria were treated with a 4-week course of antibiotics and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. In all patients followup PSA was determined within 2 months of treatment. RESULTS: Mean PSA decreased 36.4% from 8.48 ng./ml. before to 5.39 after treatment (p <0.001). In 44 patients (46.3%) serum PSA decreased to below 4 ng./ml. (mean 2.48) and these patients no longer had an indication for biopsy. In the remaining 51 patients serum PSA remained elevated at greater than 4 ng./ml. and they underwent double sextant transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Pathological study showed prostate cancer in 13 cases (25.5%), chronic inflammation in 37 (72.5%) and only benign prostatic hypertrophy in 1 (1.05%). PSA in the 13 patients with prostate cancer decreased with treatment only 4.8% from 8.32 to 7.92 ng./ml. (p >0.05). Followup PSA at a mean of 11.4 months was determined in 19 of the 44 men who responded to treatment. Mean PSA increased only 4.5% from 2.35 to 2.46 ng./ml. (p >0.05) during this followup interval. CONCLUSIONS: In almost half of the patients diagnosed with elevated PSA and chronic prostatitis serum PSA normalized with treatment and there was no longer an indication for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Our study suggests that chronic prostatitis is an important cause of elevated PSA and when it is identified, treatment can decrease the percent of negative biopsies.     

Relationship between serum prostate specific antigen and histological prostatitis in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

The relationship between the serum values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the extent of histological prostatitis was investigated in 42 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign hyperplasia (BPH) without clinical evidence of prostatitis. Histological prostatitis was divided into three groups: acute, chronic-active, and chronic-inactive inflammation. The extent of histological prostatitis was expressed as the number of prostatic acinar and ductal glands with inflammatory infiltrate per total number of glands (%). The serum PSA values significantly correlated with the extent of acute and chronic-active prostatitis (correlation coefficient r = 0.765 and 0.656, P < 0.01). A relationship between PSA values and the extent of chronic-inactive prostatitis was not found. In the immunohistochemical study, prostatic epithelial cells with acute and chronic-active inflammation showed negative staining for PSA antigen. These results indicate that histological acute and chronic-active prostatitis is considered an important factor for inducing the high increase in serum PSA values via the leak phenomenon. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

前列腺活检对血清T-PSA F-PSA及F/T比值的影响

目的 :研究经直肠前列腺穿刺活检对血清总前列腺特异抗原 (T PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原 (F PSA)及游离 /总前列腺特异抗原 (F/T)比值的影响。方法 :对 36例前列腺活检示良性病变的患者 ,分别于活检前及活检后 0 .5h、1周、30d检测T PSA、F PSA值 ,并计算F/T比值。结果 :活检前及活检后 0 .5h、1周、30d患者血清T PSA分别为 (11.76± 7.82 ) μg/L、(36 .90± 2 4 .76 ) μg/L、(2 4 .36± 16 .18) μg/L和 (12 .2 1± 6 .4 9) μg/L ;F PSA分别为 (2 .4 1± 0 .96 ) μg/L、(2 5 .14± 12 .5 6 ) μg/L、(4 .0 2± 1.90 ) μg/L和 (2 .6 1± 0 .87) μg/L ;F/T比值分别为 0 .2 1± 0 .0 6、0 .6 8± 0 .18、0 .15± 0 .0 4和 0 .2 2± 0 .0 5。与活检前相比 ,活检后 0 .5h、1周T PSA、F PSA值显著升高 (P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 5 ) ;F/T比值活检后 0 .5h显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,活检后 1周时显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;活检后 30d时 ,以上指标与活检前相比 ,差异均无统计学意义 (均P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :前列腺穿刺活检 ,会导致血清T PSA、F PSA及F/T比值的显著升高 ,临床上要获得有意义的PSA的指标 ,最好在活检 30d后检测     

血清PSA、f-PSAR与前列腺重量相关性研究

目的：探讨前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）人群中前列腺重量（ＰＷ）与血清前列划抗原（ＰＳＡ）、血清液离前腺特异抗原百分率（ｆ－ＰＳＡＲ）的相关性,方法：术前测定１４６例ＢＰＨ患者血清ＰＳＡ〈其中５１例测定了血清游离前列腺特异抗原值,对血清ＰＳＡ〉１０μｇ／Ｌ患者行前列腺穿刺活检以排除前列腺癌,术后对前列腺手术标本进行称重,并按〈２５ｇ,２５￣５０ｇ、５１￣７５ｇ、〉７５ｇ分为４组,均经病理证实为ＢＰＨ,对忾