血清肝纤维化指标与临床及病理的关系

目的 了解血清肝纤维化指标与临床及病理的关系。方法 对１９０例各种肝炎患者血清进行透明质酸酶,板层素,ＩＮ型胶原（ＩＶ－Ｃ）,Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）测定,部分病例进行肝活检。结果 血清ＨＡ,ＬＮ,ＩＶ－Ｃ,ＰＣⅢ水平随着肝炎疾病程度的加重而升高。ＨＡ,ＬＮ,ＩＶ－Ｃ,ＰＣⅢ在病理不同阶段变化不同。结论 肝纤维化指标可用于慢性肝炎病情严重程度的判断,且ＨＡ,ＬＮ较早反映炎症活动度,而ＰＣⅢ则较反映纤维     

血清HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ及LN的水平在肝纤维化与早期肝硬化中的意义

目的　通过检测血清透明质酸（ＨＡ） 、Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ） 、Ⅳ型胶原（ＣⅣ） 及层粘素（ＬＮ） 的水平,了解该四项血清指标与肝纤维化及早期肝硬化的关系。方法　３６ 例慢性乙型肝炎（ 慢乙肝） 患者的血清ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ及ＬＮ 用放免法检测（ ＲＩＡ） ;ＣⅣ用酶免法检测（ＥＩＡ） ,并与肝穿病理炎症分级（Ｇ） 和纤维化分期（Ｓ） 进行比较。结果　血清中ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ、ＣⅣ及ＬＮ 水平与肝纤维化及早期肝硬化关系密切（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５ － ０－０１） 。结论　血清中ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ、ＣⅣ及ＬＮ 均为较好反映肝纤维化及早期肝硬化的指标。其中ＨＡ 价值最大,ＰＣⅢ对肝脏炎症反映较好     

复方中药对肝纤维化治疗前后的血清学评价

目的通过对肝纤维化复方中药治疗的前后对比,结合肝病理组织学改变,进一步了解血清纤维化指标的诊断价值。方法对临床确诊为慢性乙肝及早期肝硬化的３４例患者,服用复方中药制剂半年,治疗前后各肝穿一次及采血４次,血清检测透明质酸（ＨＡ）,Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）Ⅳ型胶原（ＣＩＶ）及层粘素（ＬＮ）。ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ及ＬＮ用放免法,ＣＩＶ用酶免法。结果治疗前后对比,血清纤维化指标中,ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ及ＩＮ变化非常显著（Ｐ＜０００１）;ＣＩＶ变化不明显（Ｐ＞００５）;血清纤维化四项指标与病理炎症及纤维化程度关系密切。与炎症计分的相关系数为：ＰＣⅢ：（０５２８５）、ＨＡ（０３８７７）、ＣＩＶ（０３４６４）和ＬＮ（０３３４１）;与纤维化计分的相关系数为：ＨＡ（０６２０３）、ＬＮ（０４２８９）、ＰＣⅢ（０４０９８）和ＣＩＶ（０３９７７）。结论血清纤维化指标为较好反映肝纤维化的指标,并随治疗有效而下降,其中ＨＡ对肝纤维化及早期肝硬化的诊断价值较大,ＰＣⅢ更倾向于反映活动性肝纤维化。     

血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原水平与肝纤维化的关系

目的　研究血清纤维化指标透明质酸（ＨＡ） 、Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣ Ⅲ） 及Ⅳ型胶原（ ⅣＣ） 水平与肝纤维化程度的关系。方法　用放射免疫法测定１１４ 例慢性乙型肝炎（ＣＨＢ） 患者血清ＨＡ、ⅣＣ及ＰＣ Ⅲ水平,同时行肝组织活检,对肝组织进行炎症分级和纤维化分期。分析上述血清指标水平与肝组织分级和分期之间的关系。结果　上述指标水平均与慢性肝炎发展的阶段一致,在慢性重度与肝硬化阶段均处于最高水平,与肝组织炎症坏死及纤维化程度亦一致,在炎症分级Ｇ４ 、纤维化分期Ｓ４ 水平最高。血清ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ及ⅣＣ水平与肝组织炎症坏死和纤维化程度均呈正相关,但与纤维化的相关性均高于与炎症坏死相关性。结论　血清ＨＡ、ⅣＣ 及ＰＣⅢ可以做为反映肝纤维化程度的指标之一。     

肝纤维化指标与病毒含量及病理的关系

为探讨肝纤维化指标与病毒含量及病理变化的关系，本文对１４５例慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者血清进行ＨＡ、Ⅳ－Ｃ、ＬＮ、ＰＣⅢ水平测定，ＨＢＶＤＮＡ半定量测定，部分病例行肝活组织学检查。结果显示，此四项指标与病毒含量无关；并在病理的不同阶段变化不同。因此，肝纤维化的发生与病毒数量或病毒复制强弱无关；ＨＡ、ＬＮ能较早反映炎症活动度，而ＰＣⅢ则较早反映纤维化程度。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中HA、LN、PCⅢ、TGF-β1、TNF-α含量与肝纤维化程度的关系探讨

观察分析慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中细胞外基质（ＥＣＭ）、细胞因子（ＴＮＦ－α、ＴＧＦ－β１）的含量与肝纤维化程度的关系，以寻求肝纤维化的诊断指标。进一步从细胞因子角度探讨肝纤维化的发病机理。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定慢性乙肝及肝硬化患者血清中ＴＧＦ－β１的含量，采用放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）测定患者血清中ＴＮＦ－α、ＨＡ、ＬＮ、ＰＣⅢ的含量，并进行了肝组织病理纤维化分期。慢性乙型肝炎轻、中、重度及肝硬化患者血清ＴＮ刀－α、＊＊ｑ－β、＊Ａ上厂、ｎｍ水平均不同程度高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５），并且随着肝损害程度的加重逐渐升高，与肝损害程度呈正相关关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清ＴＧＦ－β１水平与血清ＨＡ、ＬＮ、ＰＣⅢ水平具有直线相关关系（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。血清中ＴＮＦ－α、ＴＧＦ－β１、ＨＡ、ＬＮ、ＰＣⅢ水平与肝纤维化程度呈正相关关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）。慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中ＴＧＦ－β１、ＴＮＦ－α水平与肝纤维化发生发展密切相关。对血清中ＴＧＦ－β１、ＴＮＦ－α、ＨＡ、ＬＮ、ＰＣⅢ水平同时测定，可作为诊断肝纤维化的血清学指标。     

日本血吸虫病合并HBV和HCV感染血清肝纤维化指标的变化及意义

目的：探讨ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化的影响。方法：用放免和酶标法分别测定晚血、慢血和自然人群血清的ＨＢＳＡｇ和抗ＨＣＶ，分成ＨＢＳＡｇ阳性组，抗ＨＣＶ阳性组和双阴性组，用放免法和生化法测定其血清肝纤维化指标即透明质酸（ＨＡ）、层粘蛋白（ＬＮ）、Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）、谷胱甘肽Ｓ转移酶（ＧＳＴ）。结果：晚血的肝纤维化指标显著高于慢血，后者又显著高于自然人群。晚血的ＨＢｓＡｇ和抗－ＨＣＶ阳性组的ＨＡ、ＬＮ和ＰＣⅢ均显著高于阴性组，慢血的ＨＢｓＡｇ和抗－ＨＣＶ阳性组的ＰＣⅢ显著高于阴阳组，而ＨＡ和ＧＳＴ没有。结论：ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ可能有促进日本血吸虫病肝纤维化形成作用     

γ-干扰素抗肝纤维化临床疗效的初步观察

本文报道用γ－干扰素治疗慢性肝炎肝纤维化２０例的结果。另有２０例以一般常规治疗为对照。治疗前，后做肝功能，肝纤维化血清指标。治疗后，肝功能均有不同程度好转，尤以白蛋白升高；ＨＡ、Ⅳ－Ｃ，ＰＣⅢ和ＬＮ均有明显下降，差异非常显著。初步证明ＩＦＮ－γ有一定的抗肝纤维化作用，且无严重副作用。     

血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、板层素及脯氨酸肽酶水平与肝纤维化的关系

目的：研究血清透明质酸（ＨＡ）、Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）、板层素（ＬＮ）及脯氨酸肽酶（ＰＬＤ）与肝纤维化的确切关系。方法：用放免法及改良Ｍｙａｒａ法检测７６例慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ．ＬＮ及ＰＬＤ水平，并与肝活检病理炎症分级和纤维化分期比较。结果：这四项指标均与炎症活动和纤维化呈正相关（Ｐ值＜０．０５）。其中，ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ和ＬＮ与肝纤维化的相关性高于炎症，而ＰＬＤ与炎症的相关性高于纤维化。结论：在反映肝纤维化程度方面以ＨＡ最好；次为ＬＮ；再次为ＰＣⅢ，ＰＬＤ最差。     

软肝冲剂抗肝纤维化的临床研究

选择中度以上慢性肝炎和早期肝硬化患者１２０例，分为治疗组和对照组各６０例。治疗组采用软肝冲剂治疗，对照组以干扰素治疗，疗程均为３个月有乙昨观察血清质酸（ＨＡ）、Ⅲ型血清南酸（ＨＡ）、Ⅲ型前胶原肽（ＰⅢＰ）Ⅳ型胶原（Ｃ－Ⅳ）、板层素（ＬＮ）等肝纤维化指标，以及肝功能和病毒复制指标。结果治疗组ＨＡ、Ｃ－Ⅳ、ＬＮ、ＡＬＴ 和γ－Ｇｌｂ明显下降，与对照组比较有显著性差异。ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢＶＤＮＡＢ有转率略     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.