异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2／B1与肺癌早期诊断的关系

异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2／Bl(hnRNP A2／B1)在肺癌发生早期广泛过表达于组织化生和恶变的支气管上皮细胞内。对癌细胞、痰标本及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)中的脱落上皮细胞进行异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2／B1表达的检测有助于肺癌的早期诊断。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液对肺部孤立结节的鉴别诊断价值

[目的]对支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行肿瘤相关物质群（TSGF）测定和细胞学检查．探讨其对周围型肺部孤立结节（SPN）良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。[方法]对40例周围型SPN患者的血清和健、患双侧支气管肺泡灌洗液采用分光光度比色法检测其中的TSGF,并与痰、BALF及支气管镜刷检细胞学检查比较,取40例良性病变患者作对照组。[结果]恶性SPN患者血清和患侧BALF中TSGF水平均高于良性患者及对照组。恶性SPN组BALF中TSGF阳性率（64．0％）及细胞学阳性率（48．0％）显著高于痰脱落细胞（16％,P〈0．01）及支气管镜刷检（24％,P〈0．05）。恶性SPN组血清TSGF阳性率（80％）高于BALF中细胞学阳性率（48．0％,P〈0．05）．亦高于BALF中TSGF阳性率（64．0％）,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]患侧BALF中TSGF测定及细胞学检查可显著提高恶性周围型SPN诊断率,是周围型SPN良恶性鉴别诊断有效的辅助方法之一。     

异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2B1与肺癌早期诊断的关系

异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2 B1(hnRNPA2 B1)在肺癌发生早期广泛过表达于组织化生和恶变的支气管上皮细胞内。对癌细胞、痰标本及支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BAL)中的脱落上皮细胞进行异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2 B1表达的检测有助于肺癌的早期诊断。     

肺癌脱落细胞端粒酶活性检测的临床意义

目的：探讨肺癌脱落细胞端粒酶活性检测的临床意义。方法：收集63例肺癌患者和31例非肺癌肺疾病患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液，同时行刷片和灌洗液细胞学检查；34例肺癌患者痰液，31例非肺癌肺疾病患者痰液；彩PCR－TRAP银染法检测端粒酶活性。结果：肺癌和非肺癌肺疾病支气管肺泡灌洗液端粒酶活性阳性率分别为76．2％（48／63）和6．5％（2／31），P＜0．01；肺癌支气管肺泡灌洗液端粒酶活性阳性率高于刷片细胞学阳性率（58．7％，37／63），P＞0．05；高于灌洗液细胞学阳性率（14．7％，9／63），P＜0．01。肺癌痰液和非肺癌肺疾病痰液端粒酶活性阳性率分别为29．4％（10／34），3．2％（1／31），P＜0．01。结论：肺癌端粒酶活性检测有较高的特异性和敏感性，可应用于肺癌的临床诊断。支气管肺泡灌洗液和痰液端粒酶检测能提高肺癌检出率。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液端粒酶活性检测对周围型肺癌诊断意义

目的　探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)脱落细胞端粒酶活性的检测 ,对周围型肺癌的诊断意义。方法　采用PCR TRAP ELISA半定量法及PCR TRAP银染定性法 ,检测 5 7例经螺旋CT扫描而发现并疑诊为周围型肺癌患者的纤维支气管镜BALF中脱落细胞端粒酶活性 ,并将检测结果与病理组织检查结果进行对照。结果　肺癌组BALF脱落细胞端粒酶活性检测的敏感性为 86.1% ,特异性为 90 .5 % ,准确性为 87.8%。结论　BALF脱落细胞端粒酶活性检测有助于对周围型肺癌的早期诊断     

内皮抑素在肺癌患者外周血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中的表达研究

 目的 探讨内皮抑素（Endostatin）在肺癌患者外周血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液（Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，BALF）中的表达以及与肺癌临床病理生理特征的关系。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法（Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测初诊肺癌47例及肺良性病变18例患者外周血清及BALF中Endostatin的表达水平。结果 肺癌患者外周血清及BALF中Endostatin分别为（131．71±50．32）ng／ml和（502．56±302．00）ng／ml，显著高于肺良性病变者（P〈0．01）；肺癌晚期、有淋巴结及远处转移、肺腺癌患者外周血清及BALF中Endostatin高表达；肺癌患者Endostatin在外周血清及灌洗液中的表达呈线性正相关（P=0．000）。结论 检测外周血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中Endostatin均有助于肺癌的诊断及较好提示其生物学行为。     

不同标本肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的：检测血液、痰液、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）、胸腔积液四种标本中癌胚抗原（CEA）、癌抗原125（CA125）、癌抗原199（CA199）和细胞角蛋白21—1片段（CYFRA21—1）的浓度,探讨不同标本肿瘤标志物（TM）联合检测在肺癌诊断中的意义。方法：采用化学发光免疫分析法检测52例肺癌和46例肺部良性病变患者血液、痰液、BALF、胸腔积液中CEA、CA125、CA199和CYFRA21—1的浓度。结果：52例肺癌患者血液、痰液、BALF、胸腔积液中四种TM联合检测的阳性率分别为69．2％、90．4％、88．5％和82．1％;而46例肺部良性病变患者的阳性率分别为19．6％、26．1％、23．9％、21．7％。经统计学检验两组问四种标本TM联合检测阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肺癌组不同标本之间TM联合检测的阳性率差异有统计学意义（P=0．02）;痰液和BALF标本TM联合检测较血液临床意义更大（P=0．01;P=0．02）。联合两个或三个标本检测与单个血液标本检测相比,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：不同标本肿瘤标志物CEA、CA125、CA199和CYFRA21—1联合检测对肺癌的诊断具有一定的意义。联合不同标本检测四种TM能提高肺癌诊断的敏感性。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液CEA、SCC及HE4检测在非小细胞肺癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨检测支气管肺泡灌洗液CEA、SCC及HE4对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值。方法选择非小细胞肺癌患者68例作为非小细胞肺癌组,同时,收集58例肺部良性疾病作为肺部良性疾病组。对患者进行纤维支气管镜检查,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,应用电化学发光法检测CEA、SCC及HE4表达水平,比较CEA、SCC及HE4在肺癌组和肺部良性疾病组的水平差异;分析CEA、SCC及HE4在不同临床分期肺癌中表达水平及与肺癌病情严重程度的关系;分析CEA、SCC及HE4水平诊断肺癌的敏感度和特异度。结果非小细胞肺癌组患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中CEA、SCC及HE4水平明显高于肺部良性疾病组,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);CEA、SCC及HE4与水平肺癌临床分期呈正相关,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期肺癌患者此3项指标明显高于Ⅰ期患者;单独检测CEA、SCC及HE4对于诊断肺癌的灵敏度和特异度偏低,而联合检测此3项指标诊断肺癌的灵敏度及特异度达到了86.76%及89.70%。结论检测CEA、SCC及HE4对早期诊断非小细胞肺癌和病情判断有一定价值,而联合检测CEA、SCC及HE4能明显提高肺癌的诊断准确率。     

异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2／B1在肺癌早期诊断的关系

异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2／B1（hnRNP A2/B1)在肿瘤发生早期广泛过表达于组织化生和恶变的支气管上皮细胞内。对癌细胞、痰标本及支气管肺泡灌洗液（BAL）中的脱落上皮细胞进行异质性细胞核核糖蛋白A2／B1表达的检测有助于肺癌的早期诊断。     

细胞病理学检查在原发性支气管肺癌诊断中的价值探讨

背景与目的 病理学检查为肺癌诊断的“金标准”，然而关于各种标本的细胞病理学检查在肺癌诊断中作用的文献报道较少。本研究拟探讨细胞病理学检查在原发性支气管肺癌诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2005年5月经病理确诊的原发性支气管肺癌248例患者共552份各种标本的细胞病理学检测结果，对胸液、肺穿刺物、支气管刷检物涂片、支气管肺泡灌洗液和痰液等标本的细胞病理学进行总结分析。结果 552份胸液、肺穿刺物、支气管刷检物、支气管肺泡灌洗液和痰液标本的细胞病理学检查阳性率分别为69．12％、67．74％、65．22％、23．08％和21．19％。胸液、支气管刷检物和肺穿刺物的阳性率显著高于支气管肺泡灌洗液和痰液（P〈0．01），而胸液、支气管刷检物和肺穿刺物之间，支气管肺泡灌洗液与痰液之间的阳性率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 细胞病理学检查对原发性支气管肺癌的诊断具有一定的指导意义，为原发性支气管肺癌的确诊途径之一。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.