膳食营养素对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的影响和作用机制研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)是儿童常见的神经发育障碍。膳食营养是儿童生长发育的基础, 营养素通过参与大脑神经发育、神经递质功能以及体内炎症等过程进而影响儿童的行为、认知和学习。饮食不均衡或营养素缺乏与ADHD相关, 补充营养素或平衡膳食可改善ADHD儿童的症状。该文综述膳食营养素对ADHD儿童的影响及其相关机制, 为ADHD儿童的营养管理提供理论支持。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍遗传学研究进展北大核心CSCD

注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童最常见的神经发育障碍之一,病因复杂,遗传因素在儿童ADHD的发生和发展过程中起到了关键的作用,遗传率高达75%。该文就儿童ADHD遗传学研究进展进行总结,主要从候选基因,全基因组关联研究(GWAS),表观遗传学,基因拷贝数变异(CNVs)等方面展开讨论,以了解儿童ADHD的遗传学研究进展,进一步帮助医务工作者从遗传学方面增加对该病的认识。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍常见精神科共患病及治疗北大核心CSCD

注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童常见的一种神经发育障碍。ADHD共患病率高,共患疾病种类多,共患病的存在常导致患儿的社会功能严重损害,并影响预后。该文就儿童ADHD常见精神科共患病进行介绍,并对ADHD常见共患病的治疗进行讨论,进一步帮助医务工作者更深入地了解该病并更有针对性地治疗。     

注意缺陷多动障碍早期识别、规范诊断和治疗的儿科专家共识

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的慢性神经发育障碍,起病于童年期,影响可延续至成年,可共病多种神经精神障碍。早期识别、诊断和规范治疗对ADHD的预后有重要作用。但我国儿童精神和发育行为专科医师人数不足、社会防治系统不完善,基层儿科和儿童保健科医师对ADHD尚存在早期识别不够、诊治不规范等情况。本共识旨在为儿童保健医师、全科医师和发育行为儿科医师早期识别、评估、诊断及治疗ADHD的规范化和同质性提供帮助。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍诊疗进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童最常见的慢性神经精神疾病之一,多起病于7岁前,持续影响患儿的认知、情绪、行为、生活质量及社会功能,约2/3可持续至青春期或成年期,大多共患其他类行为或情绪问题/障碍。ADHD的病因涉及出生缺陷、遗传、神经心理发育异常、家庭与环境等影响因素,是生物-心理-社会诸因素导致的病症。临床通常采用药物治疗,并结合心理指导和行为矫治。现就ADHD的病因及诊疗研究进展做一简略概述。     

科学理解合理诊治注意缺陷多动障碍

注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivy disorder,ADHD)亦被称为儿童多动症、多动障碍或多动综合征.尽管人们对ADHD的认识已逾百年,但ADHD是病还是毛病?是心理的问题还是生理的问题?是儿童特有的问题还是儿童青少年和成人共同的问题?诊断需不需要实验室检查?治疗重点是用药还是靠管教?多年来一直是人们争论的焦点.目前国内诊断治疗ADHD观点不一,甚至混乱.因此,走出误区,及时了解ADHD的最新研究进展和理念是十分重要的.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童焦虑抑郁情绪研究

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童情绪问题。方法ADHD儿童70例与对照组儿童45例分别自行完成儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表。结果ADHD组儿童躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、分离性焦虑、学校恐怖及焦虑、抑郁总分均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论ADHD组儿童存在明显焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与睡眠障碍

<正>注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是指与同龄儿童相比,有明显的注意力集中困难、注意力持续时间短暂、活动过度或冲动的一组综合征。ADHD是儿童时期最常见的行为障碍,学龄儿童患     

Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童中的发展水平结构模式分析

目的　应用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版（GDS-C）评估注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的发育水平,并对各个能区的结构模式进行分析,从而指导制定有效的康复干预方案。方法　选取2018年4月至2019年4月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院康复科就诊且符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第5版）》（DSM-Ⅴ）关于ADHD诊断标准的28例儿童为ADHD组,将同性别、年龄±1个月1∶1配对的28名健康儿童为对照组。两组儿童均进行GDS-C发育评估,比较两组儿童在运动、个人-社会、听力-语言、手眼协调、表现、实际推理各个能区的得分和总发育商的差别,并分析各个能区的结构模式。结果　ADHD组儿童各个能区的得分和总发育商均低于对照组,且运动、个人-社会、手眼协调能区的得分和总发育商在两组比较中的差异具有统计学意义（t＝-7.07,-4.75,-7.60,-7.65,P＜0.05）。各能区结构模式的分析比较：ADHD组儿童运动能区的体能与力量、深度感觉、身体粗大协调能力、粗大视觉运动协调性,个人-社会能区的交际技巧、做家务技巧、穿衣和自我照顾,听力-语言能区的记忆,手眼协调能区的认识形状、创造性和双侧协调性以及表现能区的视觉空间推理方面均弱于健康对照组儿童,P值均＜0.05。结论　应用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版（GDS-C）评估,ADHD儿童的总体发育落后于正常儿童,表现在运动、个人-社会和手眼协调能区,且根据GDS-C的评估结果和结构模式分析可以帮助制定ADHD儿童合适水平的个体化训练策略。     

Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童中的发展水平结构模式分析

目的　应用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版（GDS-C）评估注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的发育水平,并对各个能区的结构模式进行分析,从而指导制定有效的康复干预方案。方法　选取2018年4月至2019年4月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院康复科就诊且符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第5版）》（DSM-Ⅴ）关于ADHD诊断标准的28例儿童为ADHD组,将同性别、年龄±1个月1∶1配对的28名健康儿童为对照组。两组儿童均进行GDS-C发育评估,比较两组儿童在运动、个人-社会、听力-语言、手眼协调、表现、实际推理各个能区的得分和总发育商的差别,并分析各个能区的结构模式。结果　ADHD组儿童各个能区的得分和总发育商均低于对照组,且运动、个人-社会、手眼协调能区的得分和总发育商在两组比较中的差异具有统计学意义（t＝-7.07,-4.75,-7.60,-7.65,P＜0.05）。各能区结构模式的分析比较：ADHD组儿童运动能区的体能与力量、深度感觉、身体粗大协调能力、粗大视觉运动协调性,个人-社会能区的交际技巧、做家务技巧、穿衣和自我照顾,听力-语言能区的记忆,手眼协调能区的认识形状、创造性和双侧协调性以及表现能区的视觉空间推理方面均弱于健康对照组儿童,P值均＜0.05。结论　应用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版（GDS-C）评估,ADHD儿童的总体发育落后于正常儿童,表现在运动、个人-社会和手眼协调能区,且根据GDS-C的评估结果和结构模式分析可以帮助制定ADHD儿童合适水平的个体化训练策略。     

Prenatal progesterone I. Its effect on development and on intellectual and academic achievement

The development of two groups of children whose mothers had been given progesterone supplements during pregnancy to relieve symptoms of toxaemia was assessed, one group at 2 yr of age and the other at 16 yr of age. There was no evidence that progesterone supplements accelerated development in the 2-yr-old age group or enhanced intellectual and academic attainment in the 16-yr-old age group. In addition, the evidence regarding the reported beneficial effects on intellectual attainment of in utero exposure to excess sex steroids is discussed.     

Effects on Control and Growth

ABSTRACT. Jansen, M., Wit, J. M. and Van den Brande, J. L. (Departments of Paediatrics, Universities of Rotterdam and Utrecht, the Netherlands). Reinstitution of mineralo-corticoid therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Effects on control and growth. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:229, 1981. –The results of reintroduction of mineralocorticoid substitution therapy (9-α-fluorohydrocortisone) in five children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency are described. All children had shown a salt-losing syndrome in infancy, but were off mineralocorticoids during several years; at the start of this study they all had elevated plasma renin activity (PRA). Four of them had increased and fluctuating pregnanetriol excretion during the year preceding reintroduction of mineralocorticoids, indicating poor control despite substantial substitution with hydrocortisone: 26±1.9 mg/m²/day (mean±S.E.M.). Reintroduction of mineralocorticoid therapy at ages 5.0–9.4 years resulted in a marked improvement of control, significant reduction in hydrocortisone requirements (to 17.6±1.4 mg/m²/day) and improvement in linear growth. The data suggest that, in all children with CAH and elevated PRA, continuation throughout childhood of mineralocorticoid therapy in addition to glucocorticoid therapy is necessary for optimal control and linear growth.     

Effect of scoliosis on growth of alveoli and pulmonary arteries and on right ventricle

During childhood the lung not only grows in size but alveoli and arteries multiply and the pattern of muscularity of the arteries changes. A quantitative study is here reported on 4 cases of scoliosis. The limitation and distortion of space available affect lung growth. In scoliosis, alveoli are too few in number, often emphysematous, and may even atrophy, the changes being irregularly distributed throughout a lobe or lung. Generally, the size of the large pulmonary arteries is appropriate to the lobar volume and hence small for the age of the child: arterial muscle hypertrophy and abnormal extension to the periphery were seen only in 2 of the 4 cases in which there was right ventricular hypertrophy. In these, hypoxaemia had been present for some time before death and this, not hypoplasia, seemed responsible for the muscle hypertrophy. In 2 cases where scoliosis was associated with a mesodermal dysplasia, there was an excessive number of intra-acinar arteries.