胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素在呼吸道感染中的作用

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)是一个上皮细胞来源的细胞因子,对树突状细胞的极化和Th2细胞因子的产生有极其重要的影响.在T细胞受体活化和Th2细胞因子产生过程中,TSLP也直接促进T细胞增殖.研究发现,TSLP对呼吸道感染和非特异性炎症过程有广泛的免疫调节作用.     

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素在呼吸道感染中的作用

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)是一个上皮细胞来源的细胞因子,对树突状细胞的极化和Th2细胞因子的产生有极其重要的影响.在T细胞受体活化和Th2细胞因子产生过程中,TSLP也直接促进T细胞增殖.研究发现,TSLP对呼吸道感染和非特异性炎症过程有广泛的免疫调节作用.     

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素与支气管哮喘的研究进展

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)是一种来源于上皮细胞的新型细胞因子.它通过诱导CD11+树突细胞表达协同刺激分子CD40、CD80,促进树突细胞产生招募辅助T细胞2的趋化凶子--胸腺和活化调节的趋化因子和巨噬细胞来源的趋化因子,增强原始CD4+T细胞产生前炎症因子.同时.TSLP可以协同白细胞介素(IL)-1、肿瘤坏死因子增强肥大细胞释放大量辅助T细胞2细胞因子(IL-5、6、8、13.粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子,IL-8)的能力,从而诱发无T细胞参与的过敏反应.因此,TSLP)作为过敏反应的始动因子在哮喘发病中发挥重要作用.     

Changes and significance of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and their related factors in bronchopulmonary dysplasia北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), interleukin-33 (IL-33), interleukin-25 (IL-25), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in peripheral blood of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods A total of 76 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a length of hospital stay of ≥14 days who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from September 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. According to the diagnostic criteria for BPD, they were divided into a BPD group with 30 infants and a non-BPD group with 46 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of the percentage of ILC2 and the levels of IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, IL-5, and IL-13 in peripheral blood on days 1, 7, and 14 after birth. Results The BPD group had significantly lower birth weight and gestational age than the non-BPD group (P<0.05). On days 7 and 14 after birth, the BPD group had significantly higher levels of ILC2, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-5 than the non-BPD group (P<0.05), and these indices had an area under the curve of >0.7 in predicting the devolpment of BPD (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gestational age and birth weight, peripheral blood IL-33, TSLP and IL-5 on days 7 and 14 after birth were closely related to the devolpment of BPD (P<0.05). Conclusions Early innate immune activation and upregulated expression of related factors may be observed in preterm infants with BPD. ILC2, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-5 may be used as biological indicators for early diagnosis of BPD. © 2023 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

儿童糖尿病分子遗传学研究现状

儿童糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)大致分类为1型(type 1diabetes mellitus,T1DM)、2型(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)和特殊型三大类。青少年期发生的成年人糖尿病(maturity-onsetdiabetes of the young,MODY)和线粒体基因突变DM等归属于特殊类型糖尿病。DM的发生与分子遗传     

白介素-6与肥胖及2型糖尿病

肥胖已经成为全球性的健康和社会问题,肥胖可引起心血管疾病、糖尿病及肝脏疾病。流行病学研究表明,儿童2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)的发生率与肥胖症的增加相平行。肥胖导致糖尿病的确切机制尚不完全清楚。自从发现脂肪细胞具有内分泌功能以来,脂肪细胞分泌的细胞因子及蛋白质分子(如TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、CRP、补体、瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素等)与胰岛素抵抗和T2DM的关系已成为当前研究的热点。现将关于IL-6与胰岛素抵抗和T2DM之间关系的研究进展综述如下。     

哮喘小鼠TSLP及其受体表达和布地奈德干预的影响

目的观察哮喘小鼠胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)及其受体(TSLPR)的表达和布地奈德(BUD)干预对其表达的影响。方法30只雌性昆明小鼠随机分成哮喘组、BUD干预组及正常对照组,每组10只。用卵清蛋白(OVA)进行致敏和激发,建立哮喘模型,同时进行BUD干预。酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清TSLP的水平及肺组织和脾脏中TSLP和TSLPR的表达。结果哮喘组小鼠外周血TSLP的水平较正常对照组明显上升,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而BUD干预组小鼠外周血TSLP的水平较哮喘组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);BUD干预组虽高于正常对照组,但差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组小鼠肺组织及脾脏TSLP和TSLPR的组间比较结果均与血清TSLP组间比较结果相似。结论哮喘小鼠血清TSLP的表达及肺组织和脾脏内TSLP和TSLPR的表达均增高。TSLP可能在哮喘中起着重要作用,BUD可明显抑制哮喘小鼠TSLP和TSLPR的表达,TSLP或TSLPR可能成为治疗哮喘的潜在靶点。     

1型糖尿病患儿T细胞亚群、细胞因子的变化及意义

目的　分析 1型糖尿病患儿外周血T细胞亚群 (CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD8+ )及血清白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、可溶性白细胞介素 2受体 (sIL 2R)水平变化 ,以了解其在 1型糖尿病发病中的作用。方法　应用免疫荧光标记技术和流式细胞仪检测 30例 1型糖尿病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群 ,同时用ELISA法定量检测患儿血清IL 2 /sIL 2R水平 ,并与正常对照组 16例作比较 ,且与胰岛功能进行相关分析。结果　 1.1型糖尿病患儿CD3+ 、CD4 + 细胞均显著升高 ,CD8+ 细胞显著降低 (P均 <0 .0 1)。 2 .1型糖尿病患儿血清IL 2明显高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;sIL 2R较对照组明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。IL 2与反映胰岛功能C 肽 (C P)、胰岛素呈负相关 ,而sIL 2R与C P、胰岛素呈正相关。结论　T淋巴细胞亚群失衡、IL 2及其受体参与介导胰岛 β细胞的损伤和 1型糖尿病发生     

儿童青少年1型糖尿病合并乳糜泻研究现状

1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)和乳糜泻(celiac disease,CD)都是在环境因素参与下、遗传易感个体发生的自身免疫性疾病,与一般人群相比,T1DM儿童青少年CD的患病率明显升高。T1DM合并CD的儿童青少年大多缺乏典型CD症状,容易漏诊或误诊,延误治疗;更易出现低血糖...     

CpG基序的免疫调节作用与过敏性疾病

近来人们发现，细菌DNA和含有非甲基化胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤(CpG)基序的某些寡核苷酸具有免疫调节作用，能够诱导辅助性T细胞(Th)1型免疫应答，并抑制Th2型免疫应答。而过敏性疾病是以Th2型免疫应答占优势为主要特征的一类疾病。动物实验及临床研究表明，CpG基序可能对预防和治疗人类过敏性疾病会有一定效果。     

Treatment of type 2 diabetes in youth: An argument for randomized controlled studies

In North America, type 2 diabetes occurs in youth (children and adolescents) of specific ethnic backgrounds, including youth of Aboriginal, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, Japanese and African-American descent. The treatment of youth with type 2 diabetes represents a unique challenge for paediatricians because of physicians’ long experience with this disease in adults but its short history in youth. The education and management of type 2 diabetes in youth must recognize the unique developmental, emotional and social issues associated with this age group, as well as the cultural, linguistic, geographic and socioeconomic issues associated with these populations. With the exception of insulin, the drugs used for adults with type 2 diabetes have not been studied in youth. There is an urgent need for long term, multicentre randomized controlled studies of oral drugs for type 2 diabetes in youth.     

RETROPERITONEAL NEUROFIBROSARCOMA IN A PATIENT WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Neurofibromatosis (NF) type I (NF1) is the most common familial cancer-predisposing syndrome in humans, while type 2 (NF2) accounts for an extremely small percentage of the total cases of NF. Tumors occurring in patients with NF1 are primarily peripheral neurofibromas, while NF2 patients present with central schwannomas. Malignant transformation has been described in NF1 patients; however, in NF2 the risk of malignant transformation is extremely rare. In this case report, the authors document a retroperitoneal neurogenic sarcoma occurring in a 20-year-old woman with NF2 (bilateral acoustic schwannomas, meningioma, and multiple intraspinal tumors).     

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is rare but not absent in children under 15 years of age in Austria

Until recently, most children with diabetes mellitus had type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is on the rise in North America, especially in risk populations such as the American Indians. Few epidemiological data on the incidence of the disease exist in Europe. In a prospective population-based epidemiological study, all newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus in patients under 15 years of age were registered nation-wide in Austria between 1999 and 2001. Differential diagnosis (according to the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria) was based on clinical case definition. During the 3 years of the study period, 529 cases of DM <15 years were documented, of which 510 were clinically assigned to T1DM (271 boys, 239 girls) resulting in an incidence rate of 12.4/100,000. In the same network, eight cases were diagnosed as T2DM (one boy, seven girls) and two cases with an atypical form of T2DM (two girls). The age of onset of T2DM was 12–15 years and all patients were overweight (body mass index >90th percentile).The calculated incidence for T2DM <15 years in Austria was 0.25/100,000. Conclusion: at present, type 2 diabetes mellitus is rare but exists in children aged under 15 years in Austria. Follow-up of this registration will help to describe the secular trend.Abbreviations BMI body mass index - GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase - IAA insulin autoantibody - IA2 tyrosine like phosphatase - MODY maturity onset diabetes in the young - T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus - T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus Members of the Austrian Diabetes Incidence Study Group: Arocker W., Bauer M., Baumgartner F., Bali C., Borkenstein M., Bittmann B., Coradello H., Dorninger L., Fussenegger J., Jäger A., Gröblacher H., Guttenberger K. H., Häckel F., Heijbl L., Höller W., Holzer H, Holzleitner C., Jäger A., Jürgenssen O. A., Kovac U., Kitzler P., Köfler T. H., Kurnik P., Lindauer E., Meisel A., Moser G., Mühleder J., Müller G., Müllner M., Paier R., Popper-Preising C., Prchla C., Rausch-Schott G., Rauscher R., Reindl R., Resch R., Rezaka E., Rittinger O., Rubens K., Salzer H., Schally-Stebl A., Schermann A., Schlager J., Schmitt K., Schneider U., Sellner-Horstmann S., Sonnberger H, Stainer A., Steichen E., Stöllinger O., Sulzer M., Von den Thannen T., Walser I, Wakolbinger G., Weinhandl G., Wutte A., Zieglauer H., Zwiauer K.     

骨保护素与2型糖尿病的关系

2型糖尿病是一种严重威胁人类健康的内分泌疾病.近年来的研究发现,骨保护素与2型糖尿病关系密切.2型糖尿病患者循环系统、胰腺、肝脏及脂肪中的骨保护素水平均有改变.骨保护素还与糖尿病血管并发症的发生相关,已有很多学者对此进行了探讨.该文综述骨保护素与2型糖尿病发生、发展的关系,旨在为糖尿病的治疗提供新的思路.     

Classification of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from Studies of ICA, HLA and Insulin Secretory Capacity

We studied ICA, HLA and insulin secretory capacity in 87 children with positive urinary screening and more than 2 points in the oral glucose tolerance test in order to establish criteria by which they could be classified into type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fifty-five non-obese, ketosis-prone insulin dependent diabetic children were used as controls for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our conclusions were as follows: 1. Type 1 diabetics were non-obese (on insulin therapy), ICA positive, ketosis-prone, had an insulin secretory capacity (Z IRI) of less than 100/nU/ml, and most of them possessed HLA-Bw54-DR4 or DRw9, DRw53 but did not possess Bw52-DR2 haplotype. 2. In the patients who were treated by dietary regimens alone for certain periods, however, insulin secretory capacities gradually deteriorated and they finally became insulin dependent. The children of this group who were not obese during insulin therapy and possessed an HLA haplotype identical to that in type 1 diabetes, regardless of ICA, might be classified as having slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. 3. The major difference between type 1 and slowly progressive type 1 diabetes was a family history of diabetes. Genetic factors might modify the clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus. 4. If the sensitivity of ICA or related autoantibodies to islet cells can be detected more readily, it should become easier to distinguish between type 1 and 2 diabetes.