98例肺癌患者心理分析及护理对策

目的 调查肺癌患者的焦虑和抑郁状况并提出护理对策.方法 采用医院焦虑抑郁量表对98例肺癌患者入院时与采取心理护理后进行焦虑抑郁状况评估比较.结果 采取心理护理后肺癌患者焦虑抑郁的发生率明显降低.结论 焦虑抑郁是肺癌患者常见的负性情绪,它不仅影响治疗效果,而且降低患者生存期和生命质量,应及时发现焦虑抑郁症状、针对原因采取有效的心理护理措施,提高整体护理质量.     

深圳某企业外来劳务工抑郁焦虑情绪及自杀风险调查

目的 了解深圳某企业外来劳务工的抑郁、焦虑情绪和自杀风险的现状及与自杀相关的危险因素.方法 本研究采用横断面调查研究方法,以自编的社会人口学基本信息资料表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表、患者健康问卷焦虑量表和简明国际神经精神访谈自杀筛选问卷等量表为工具,对深圳某企业1845名外来劳务工的抑郁和焦虑情绪及自杀风险进行现况调查和多因素logistic回归分析.结果 (1) 1845名外来劳务工中,689例存在轻度及以上抑郁症状,占37.3％,其中中度以上抑郁146例,占7.9％;392例存在轻度及以上焦虑症状,占21.2％,其中中度以上焦虑67例,占3.6％.(2)男性和女性员工的抑郁评分在不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况的差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);男性和女性员工焦虑评分在未婚组(P=0.02)和高中及以上组(P=0.02)的差异有统计学意义.(3)多因素logistic回归分析显示,中度以上抑郁(OR=6.886,P＜0.01)和中度以上焦虑(OR=2.984,P ＜0.05)是自杀的重要危险因素.结论 深圳某企业部分外来劳务工存在轻度及以上抑郁或焦虑症状,中度以上抑郁和焦虑是自杀的重要危险因素.     

临床医学研究生抑郁与焦虑状况与应对方式的关系

目的 探讨我校临床医学研究生抑郁、焦虑状况与应对方式的关系.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方式抽取我校549名临床医学研究生进行问卷调查,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和应付方式问卷(CSQ)进行调查.结果 共发放问卷549份,收回有效问卷510份,有效率为92.9％.本次调查结果显示临床医学研究生抑郁、...     

住院冠心病患者的临床心理特征分析

目的 分析住院冠心病患者心理状况的临床特征。方法 应用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、A型行为类型问卷(TABP)、艾森克成人个性问卷(EPQ)以及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对综合性医院心血管内科住院的80例冠心病患者进行调查。结果 ①60％的住院冠心病患者同时伴有焦虑抑郁症状,35％的患者单有焦虑症状;②住院冠心病患者的HAMD和HAMA总分受性别、文化程度、病程、住院次数以及A型行为类型等因素的影响;③住院冠心病患者的SCL-90总分及其因子分明显高于中国正常人常模。结论 住院冠心病患者存在一定的心理问题,对其进行心理干预是必要的。     

女青少年错(牙合)畸形患者戴固定矫治器前后的心理变化研究

目的 探讨初戴固定矫治器是否会对女青少年错(牙合)畸形患者产生一定的心理负面影晌.方法 选取150例女青少年错(牙合)畸形患者,分别在就诊当日(T1期)与固定矫治器戴入1周后(T2期)填写心理调查问卷,该问卷包含焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表,调查患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪.根据T1与T2期2个量表的评分,比较固定矫治器戴入前后患者的心理变化.结果 86例患者填写的调查表合格.患者T2期的焦虑与抑郁评分均较T1期有明显升高非自愿就诊患者在T2期焦虑与抑郁评分升高,与T1期相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 初戴固定矫治器所引起的不适与不便可使女青少年患者产生一定的焦虑与抑郁情绪,非自愿就诊者尤甚.     

新冠肺炎救治医务人员抑郁症状与急性应激反应及心理韧性的关系

目的:探讨新冠肺炎救治医务人员抑郁症状与急性应激反应、心理韧性的关系.方法:采用方便取样法选取参加武汉新冠肺炎救治45 d的167名医务人员进行9项患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、斯坦福急性应激反应问卷(SASRQ)和Connor-Davidson心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)自评;以PHQ-9≥10分为抑郁症状阳性分界值...     

脑卒中康复期患者心理弹性与创伤后应激障碍相关性研究

目的旨在分析脑卒中康复期患者心理弹性与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)相关性。方法选取我院神经内科于2016年1月~2017年4月期间收治124例康复期脑卒中患者作为观察对象。分别使用一般情况自制调查问卷、心理弹性量表和创伤后应激障碍问卷调查患者一般情况、家庭情感支持和创伤后应激障碍。结果康复期脑卒中患者心理弹性量总分(61.19±8.62)分,创伤后应激障碍总分(40.54±10.81)分。患者心理弹性与创伤后应激障碍呈现显著负相关性(P0.01)。结论脑卒中康复期患者具有较高的PTSD的发生率,且心理弹性较差。患者的心理弹性程度与PTSD严重程度有负相关,临床中应重视对此类患者及早的予以心理干预。     

维和士兵出国待命状态中焦虑抑郁情绪相关分析及干预研究

目的探讨出国维和待命对士兵焦虑抑郁情绪的影响,焦虑抑郁情绪与人格的关系,心理干预的效果。方法维和待命集训的216名士兵为研究组,并对其进行心理干预,其他部队士兵146人为对照组,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克成人个性问卷(EPQ)等工具进行调查。结果研究组焦虑检出率为27.31%,与对照组比较(15.75%)差异显著(P<0.01);抑郁检出率为21.29%,与对照组比较(13.69%)差异显著(P<0.01);研究组显示SAS、SDS与EPQ中与N维度呈正相关,而与E维度呈负相关;对研究组进行心理干预,干预后的焦虑检出率11.57%明显低于干预前的27.31%,差异显著(P<0.01),干预后的抑郁检出率9.72%明显低于干预前的21.29%,差异显著(P<0.01)。结论维和部队待命部分士兵存在较明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,其与人格有关;与心理应激有关;对其进行心理干预效果好。     

反社会型人格障碍共病边缘型人格障碍特质的影响因素

目的:探讨反社会型人格障碍(ASPD)共病边缘型人格障碍(BPD)的人口学及心理环境影响因素.方法:对1804名服刑人员使用人格障碍诊断问卷(PDQ-4)进行评估,筛选出反社会型、边缘型及共病人群,采用自编一般资料问卷、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、儿童期虐待量表(CTQ-SF)、冲...     

目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪及影响因素

目的:探讨目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪以及影响因素. 方法:采用方便抽样方法抽取距某火灾现场200 m某中学初中生311名(研究组)及与之学校性质、年级相匹配的某中学430名初中生(对照组)在火灾发生后1年时进行儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、青少年应对方式量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)及埃森儿童青少年创伤问卷(ETI-KJ)调查;以火灾发生1个月后相同人群的调查资料作为基线,对调查结果进行对照分析. 结果:研究组焦虑情绪的变化率(6.4％)明显高于对照组(1.3％)(x2=13.03,P ＜0.001);SCARED总分、广泛性焦虑及躯体化/惊恐因子分明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05).研究组中14～16岁年龄段、火灾1个月后有焦虑症状及创伤后应激障碍、应对方式为自我反思、暴力宣泄及自我感受、养育方式中父母亲过分干涉、过度保护、以及父亲拒绝否认、惩罚、严厉的学生更容易出现焦虑情绪(P均＜0.05).结论:目睹特大火灾1年后初中生焦虑情绪仍在增加;个人及环境等多种因素是其影响因素.     

Genetic findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence and in adulthood

Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) are on the rise, and affected children, 1-2% of the general population, often are seriously impaired in their development. OCD is characterized by recurrent, intrusive and disturbing thoughts as well as by repetitive stereotypic behaviours. Depending on their age and developmental status, patients usually try unsuccessfully to suppress the obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours. The current state of genetic research on OCD and early-onset OCD is presented and discussed. OCD, especially early-onset OCD, has been shown to be familial. Convincing evidence indicates that both environmental and genetic factors substantially influence OCD. Various approaches, including linkage and association studies, yielded conflicting results as well as the notion that multiple genes of modest effect sizes, in interaction with environmental factors, cause vulnerability to the disorder. The phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of OCD complicate the identification of specific genetic factors. Further studies have to be designed in consideration of subtypes, e.g. age at onset, symptom dimensions, or comorbid disorders.     

Changes in extra- and intracellular pH in the brain during and following ischemia in hyperglycemic and in moderately hypoglycemic rats

Incomplete forebrain ischemia of 15-min duration was induced in rats made hyperglycemic or moderately hypoglycemic prior to ischemia. Tissue CO2 tension, CO2 content, labile tissue metabolites, and extracellular pH (pHe) were measured, and intracellular pH (pHi) was derived by calculation on the assumption that cerebral intracellular fluids can be lumped into one space. In hypoglycemic animals, mean tissue lactate content increased from 2 to 10 mumol g-1. Tissue CO2 content was virtually unchanged and the CO2 tension increased from approximately 50 to approximately 145 mm Hg. In hyperglycemic animals, tissue lactate content rose to 20 mumol g-1, and the CO2 content decreased by 25%, demonstrating that some CO2 was lost to the blood supplied by the remaining perfusion. Accordingly, tissue CO2 tension did not rise above 200 mm Hg. pHe was reduced in proportion to the amount of lactate accumulated, the values obtained in hypo- and hyperglycemic animals showing relatively little scatter (6.76 +/- 0.03 and 6.25 +/- 0.04, respectively). In hypoglycemic animals the extracellular HCO-3 concentration was virtually unchanged, demonstrating that any influx of lactic acid from the cells must have been accompanied by H+ efflux and/or HCO-3 influx via independent routes. In hyperglycemic animals [HCO-3]e fell by greater than 10 mumol ml-1. In both groups [HCO-3]e was reduced during the first 5 min of recovery. Recovery of pHe was slower in hyper- than in hypoglycemic animals. During ischemia calculated pHi fell to 6.37 +/- 0.04 and 5.95 +/- 0.06 in hypo- and hyperglycemic animals, respectively. Differences in pHi were maintained for the first 15 min of recovery, but in both hypo- and hyperglycemic animals pHi had normalized after 30 min. It is concluded that preischemic hyperglycemia leads to a more pronounced intra- and extracellular acidosis than normo- and hypoglycemia, an acidosis that also resolves more slowly during recirculation.     

Dopamine-derived alkaloids in alcoholism and in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases

Summary Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) alkaloids and 1-carboxy TIQ derivatives have been found in human fluids and/or tissues. The possible biosynthetic pathways of salsolinol (Sal), taken as an example of TIQs, are discussed, and the possibility that biosynthesis occurs through a stereospecific enzymatic reaction is considered. In this respect, it is reported that the R enantiomer of Sal predominates in urines of healthy volunteers, whereas the S enantiomer predominates in port wine and possibly in other beverages and foods, suggesting that Sal present in humans could have, at least partially, and endogenous enzymatic origin.TIQs and other dopamine-derived alkaloids are weak MAO inhibitors, the R enantiomer of Sal and salsolidine being more potent than the S form.The changes in monoamine oxidase activity and the nigrostriatal concentrations of dopamine and homovanillic acid in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases and in alcoholism are reviewed. In these pathological situations, changes in the levels of dopamine-derived alkaloid levels may occur. The possibility that the modifications found might cause or contribute to changes in mental and/or neurophysiological states in these pathological situations is considered.