非药物护理干预对阿尔茨海默症患者的效果

目的 探究阿尔茨海默症患者实施非药物性护理干预的临床价值及对患者心理状态的改善效果。方法 遴选2019年1月～2020年12月期间85例阿尔茨海默症患者,参考“随机数字表法”,将研究对象分为2组-对照组和观察组。观察组实施非药物性护理干预（43例）,对照组接受传统护理措施（42例）。对比指标：认知功能评分用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessmen,MoCA）、日常生活能力评分用阿尔茨海默症协作研究日常生活能力量表（ADCS-ADL）、心理状态用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Depression Scal,HAMD）、生活质量评分（GQOL-74生活质量评估量表）、家属满意度。结果 两组干预前认知功能及日常生活能力评分没有明显差异（P>0.05）,干预后观察组MoCA评分、ADCSADL评分显著高于对照组（P>0.05）。两组干预前心理状态评分无明显差异（P>0.05）,两组在干预后HAMA评分、HAMD评分较同组治疗前均显著改善,且观察组较对照组评分...     

心理护理措施对于提高肝硬化患者的治疗依从性和生活质量的效果分析

目的探讨心理护理措施在提高肝硬化患者的治疗依从性和生活质量中的效果观察。方法选取我院2013年1月~2015年1月收治的肝硬化患者156例,按随机数字表的方法分为观察组(n=78)和对照组(n=78),予以对照组常规的护理措施,予以观察组心理护理措施。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)分别对两组患者干预前后的抑郁和焦虑状况进行评估,采用健康调查量表评定两组患者治疗后的生活质量,并且对两组患者的治疗依从性进行比较。结果干预前,观察组患者和对照组患者的HAMA和HAMD评分差异无显著性(P0.05),干预后,观察组患者的HAMA和HAMD评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的生活质量量表评分8个因子均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的治疗总依从性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论心理护理干预措施能够有效改善肝硬化患者的焦虑和抑郁状态,并加强提高患者的治疗依从性,同时辅助提高患者的生活质量。     

心理护理对宫颈癌术后患者精神状态及生活质量的影响

目的 心理护理对宫颈癌术后患者精神状态及生活质量的影响.方法 选定本院2020年1月～2021年1月住院治疗的120例宫颈癌患者作为主要研究对象,患者均接受手术治疗.按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组60例患者给予常规护理,观察组60例患者在对照组基础上给予心理护理,观察比较患者护理前后的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、希望水平量表(HHI)评分、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOL-74)评分及护理满意度.结果 观察组护理后HAMA评分、HAMD评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组护理后HHI评分、QOL评分均高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组护理满意度(96.67％)高于对照组(76.67％)(P＜0.05).结论 心理护理可有效减轻宫颈癌手术患者的负面情绪,提高希望水平、护理满意度以及生活质量,值得临床推广应用.     

愉快日记式护理对中晚期肺癌化疗患者生活质量及情绪的影响

目的 探讨愉快日记式护理对中晚期肺癌化疗患者生活质量及负性情绪的影响。方法 本研究对象为我院2019年4月～2021年1月60例中晚期肺癌化疗患者,信封法随机分为两组,对照组给予常规心理干预,观察组采用愉快日记式心理干预,连续干预4周。比较干预前后患者的汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、癌症患者生活质量量表（EORTCQLQ-C30）评分。结果 干预后两组EORTCQLQ-C30量表中,功能、症状、总体健康、生命质量等维度评分均显著高于干预前,且观察组干预后各维度评分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;干预后两组HAMA评分、HAMD评分均显著低于干预前,且观察组干预后两项评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 愉快日记式护理能够显著减轻中晚期肺癌化疗患者的焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,提升生活质量,临床运用简单、易行。     

俱乐部式人文关怀对老年慢性心衰患者的效果

目的 探讨俱乐部式人文关怀在老年慢性心衰患者心理护理中的运用效果。方法 选取我院2020年6月～2022年6月100例老年慢性心衰患者为研究对象,数字表法随机分为两组,对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用俱乐部式人文关怀护理。评估两组护理前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量调查表（LiHFe）,检测护理前后左心室射血分数（LVEF）、记录6min步行距离（6MWD）。结果 两组护理后LiHFe评分、HAMA评分、HAMD评分均较护理前显著降低,且干预后观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组护理后LVEF、6MWD均较护理前显著升高,且护理后观察组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论俱乐部式人文关怀用于老年慢性心衰心理护理能够降低焦虑、抑郁情绪,改善心衰相关生活质量,并有助于提升心脏功能。     

集束化护理对改善风湿性心脏病患者睡眠障碍及心理状态的临床效果研究

目的探讨集束化护理干预对风湿性心脏病(RHD)患者睡眠障碍(SD)以及心理状态的影响。方法将70例住院RHD伴SD患者随机分为研究组与对照组各35例。对照组患者接受常规护理模式,研究组在对照组基础上执行集束化护理。比较两组干预前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分。结果干预后研究组的HAMA、HAMD评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);干预后两组PSQI评分均显著改善,且研究组的改善幅度显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论集束化护理干预能够显著改善RHD患者的睡眠质量及相关社会心理学因素。     

心理护理对风湿性心脏病心脏瓣膜置换术后精神状态及生活质量的影响

目的探讨心理护理对风湿性心脏病(RHD)患者心脏瓣膜置换术(CVR)后精神状态及生活质量的影响。方法将60例CVR术后RHD患者随机分为观察组与对照组两组,各30例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上予以心理护理干预。护理前后采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简明生活质量量表(SF-36)进行评价,并比较两组的护理满意度及随访结果。结果观察组的护理满意度、定期复查率、服药依从率分别为96.67%、90.00%、93.33%,显著高于对照组的83.33%、70.00%、76.67%(P0.05);护理干预后观察组SCL-90量表各维度评分均显著低于对照组,SF-36量表各维度评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论心理护理干预能够提高RHD患者CVR术后治疗依从性、降低并发症及再住院率,并可改善其精神状态及生活质量。     

心理护理干预对创伤性骨折患者心理韧性及生活质量的影响

目的探讨心理护理干预对创伤性骨折患者心理韧性及生活质量的影响。方法选取创伤性骨折患者92例随机分为观察组与对照组各46例。对照组予以骨科常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施个性化心理护理干预。比较两组干预前后中文版心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、36项简明健康调查表(SF-36)量表评分。结果干预1个月后,两组HAMA、HAMD评分均显著降低,且观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05);干预后两组CD-RISC、SF-36量表评分均显著升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论心理护理干预能够显著改善创伤性骨折患者的心理韧性及情绪状态,提高患者的生活质量。     

赋能心理干预模式对重症脑梗死患者应激及睡眠状况的影响

目的 研究赋能心理干预模式对重症脑梗死患者应激障碍及睡眠状况的影响。方法 选择本院2019年6月～2021年6月110例重症脑梗死患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各55例。对照组给予常规治疗及护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采取赋能心理干预。比较两组的创伤后应激障碍量表（PCL-C）、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）。结果 干预后,对照组的PCL-C评分、NIHSS评分显著高于观察组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预后,对照组的HAMA、HAMD评分显著高于观察组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预后,对照组的PSQI评分显著高于观察组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 赋能心理干预模式可显著降低重症脑梗死患者的应激障碍程度及负性情绪,改善其睡眠质量。     

个性化心理护理对老年脑梗死患者心理状态的影响

目的 探究脑梗死患者开展个性化心理护理对其情绪、心理方面的影响。方法 遴选2020年3月～2021年3月76例老年脑梗死患者,以随机数字表法,分为2组—对照组和观察组（均为38例）。观察组开展个性化心理护理,对照组接受常规护理。对比护理干预效果：负性情绪[汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale,HAMD）评分）、心理健康状态（SCL-90评分）、治疗依从性和护理满意度。结果 两组干预前SAS、SDS评分,SCL-90各维度评分对比无明显差异（P>0.05）,干预后观察组SAS、SDS评分更低（P<0.05）;观察组SCL-90在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、敌意、恐怖、偏执、精神病性评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。较对照组研究结果,观察组治疗依从性更高（92.11%vs73.68%）,同时观察组护理满意度更高（94.74%vs76.32%）,差异有统计学意义。结论 针对老年脑梗死患者开展个性化心理护理,有利于提高患者预后,消除焦虑、抑郁,提高心理健康水平,增强...     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.