全盆底网片悬吊术治疗老年妇女盆腔器官脱垂疗效观察

目的观察全盆底网片悬吊术治疗老年妇女盆腔器官脱垂（POP）的疗效。方法对15例同时伴有子宫（穹窿）、阴道前后壁脱垂的POP患者行全盆底网片悬吊术治疗。结果 15例患者手术顺利,手术时间68～150min,术中出血量150～500 ml,无输血病例,无直肠及膀胱损伤。住院时间5～9 d。术后随访1～18个月,盆底结构正常,POP均未复发。4例器官脱垂症状改善,5例腰骶部不适消失,9例便秘消失,11例压力性尿失禁治愈。术后发生网片侵蚀伴阴道分泌物增多症状1例,修剪侵蚀的网片后恢复正常。结论全盆底网片悬吊术治疗老年妇女POP能实现全盆底解剖和功能重建,近期疗效较好。     

骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗中老年盆腔脏器脱垂性疾病27例

既往临床多采取经阴道子宫切除及阴道前后壁修补进行盆腔脏器脱垂治疗,但此术式复发及阴道顶端脱垂的问题日益突出,使之不能成为理想术式.同时老年人手术范围不宜太大,寻求一种符合中老年人特点,创伤小,效果好的手术方法成为研究热点.目前国外采用骶棘韧带悬吊术( sacrospinous ligament fixation,SSLF)治疗盆腔脏器脱垂[1],本文拟回顾分析盆腔脏器脱垂患者行骶棘韧带悬吊术的疗效.     

应用不可吸收网片盆底重建术治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ度盆腔器官脱垂的疗效

目的探讨不可吸收网片应用于盆底重建术(TPMR)的可行性及有效性。方法网片组300例盆腔器官脱垂(POP)患者,在阴道前壁或后壁置入不可吸收的由聚丙烯材料制成的网片,根据国际尿控协会制定的盆腔器官脱垂定量(POP-Q)分度法,评价手术效果。疗效评定以术后无阴道壁脱垂为治愈,随访1⁷2个月。结果网片组300例手术顺利。手术平均时间为6072个月。结果网片组300例手术顺利。手术平均时间为60⁹0 min,术中出血平均为100 ml。患者术后恢复良好,住院时间平均7 d。术后随访390 min,术中出血平均为100 ml。患者术后恢复良好,住院时间平均7 d。术后随访3⁷2个月。PFIQ-7评分显示,患者膀胱或排尿症状、直肠或排便症状、阴道或盆腔症状3方面在术后372个月。PFIQ-7评分显示,患者膀胱或排尿症状、直肠或排便症状、阴道或盆腔症状3方面在术后3⁷2个月内均显著改善(P<0.05)。根据POP-Q评分标准,网片组术后6年内各指示点较术前明显复位,均无阴道壁膨出,30例网片暴露侵蚀阴道黏膜,3例术后排尿困难,3例膀胱损伤,1例直肠损伤。结论网片在子宫脱垂、阴道前后壁脱垂、膀胱膨出、直肠膨出、穹窿膨出修补手术中应用,操作简单,手术复发率低,网片暴露、侵蚀的并发症仍有待解决。     

两种术式治疗女性重度盆腔器官脱垂的疗效

目的比较prolift盆底重建系统与传统阴式子宫全切术及阴道前后壁修补术加骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗女性重度盆腔器官脱垂的应用效果。方法回顾分析该院2009年1月至2011年9月治疗患有POP-Q分期Ⅲ～Ⅴ期的患者30例,其中采用prolift盆底重建术14例,其他患者采用传统术式,比较两组患者的手术效果、术后并发症、手术情况(手术时间及出血量),并进行统计学分析。结果 Prolift组手术时间及出血量明显少于阴式子宫全切术及阴道前后壁修补术加骶棘韧带悬吊术组(P<0.05),POP-Q分期评价两组患者术后阴道Aa、Ba、C、Ap、Bp位点均得到显著改善,解剖疗效明显。结论两种术式应用于纠正女性重度盆腔器官脱垂都是安全可行的,但术后复发率、手术时间、手术出血量、手术并发症等方面,pro-lift盆底重建系统优于传统阴式子宫全切术加阴道前后壁修补术及骶棘韧带悬吊术。     

手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂62例疗效观察

目的观察手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的临床效果。方法盆腔器官脱垂患者62例,经阴道行穹窿单侧骶棘韧带固定术27例,经阴道行子宫骶韧带穹窿悬吊术20例,行腹腔镜下子宫骶韧带穹窿高位悬吊术8例(其中3例保留子宫同时行圆韧带缩短术),行经腹自体筋膜宫颈骶骨固定术7例;如有阴道缺陷,同时进行修补。结果 1例术中骶韧带未能辨认,改行阴道残端骶棘韧带悬吊术;2例因骶棘韧带缝合困难,改单侧髂尾肌筋膜固定术;59例手术顺利;随访1～3 a,1例半年后复发,其余患者POP-Q分期均在Ⅱ期以内。结论手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂疗效满意。     

全盆腔重建术围手术期护理

盆腔脏器脱垂27例采用童式悬吊法，全盆腔重建手术治疗，术后护理，术前进行有针对性心理护理，积极控制治疗并发症，做好阴道、肠道及合并症观察，术后加强会阴部护理，密切观察排便，排尿情况，认真详细做好出院指导与随访，27例手术效果好，患者和家属满意。     

手术治疗老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂60例

盆腔脏器脱垂是老年妇女常见疾病,子宫从阴道及阴道前后壁膨出,造成局部黏膜溃疡,甚至引起排尿困难,严重影响患者的生活质量〔1〕。老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂的手术治疗方式有多种,临床上最常用的为经阴子宫全切加阴道前后壁修补术,创伤大,并发症多〔2〕。而子宫颈部分切除加部分阴道封闭     

Prolift全盆底修补系统在老年女性全盆底重建术中的应用

目的通过对Prolift全盆底修补系统在老年女性盆腔器官脱垂治疗中的应用及近期疗效的评估,探讨治疗盆腔器官脱垂的手术方式。方法选取2009年1月至2010年12月间南京市妇幼保健院妇科收治的因盆腔器官脱垂行盆底修复重建手术的老年女性患者共43例。其中采用Prolift全盆底修补系统行全盆底重建手术24例（A组）,传统的阴道前后壁修补手术19例（B组）。比较2组患者的一般资料、围手术期和随访情况,并进行统计学分析。结果 2组患者的年龄、体质量、孕产次、阴道壁脱垂程度差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、尿管留置天数、术后残余尿和住院时间比较,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。2组术后随访率均为100%。A、B组术后复发各为0和3例,A组复发率明显低于B组（P〈0.05）;A组发生性生活不适者3例,略高于B组的1例,但无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;A组补片侵蚀2例（8.33%）,2组均未发生直肠、输尿管等周围脏器及明显血管神经损伤。结论 Prolift用于阴道前后壁脱垂患者的全盆底重建手术,手术安全可行,近期疗效明显优于传统的阴道前后壁修补术。     

中盆腔功能障碍手术治疗进展

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病是中老年女性常见病,50%经产妇可能会发生盆腔器官脱垂。中盆腔功能障碍,主要表现为子宫或阴道穹窿脱垂以及直肠子宫陷凹疝形成,治疗中盆腔功能障碍的常用手术有阴道骶骨固定术、McCall后穹隆成形及高位骶韧带悬吊、骶棘韧带固定术、经阴道后路悬吊带术、全盆底重建术等,该文对这些手术方式的适应证、手术方法、并发症及防治进行综述。     

阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗子宫和阴道穹隆脱垂

目的探讨经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗子宫脱垂和阴道穹隆脱垂的临床意义。方法2003年5月至2006年12月，对46例中、重度子宫脱垂和阴道穹隆脱垂患者行经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术，术后1、3、6、12个月定期随访。主观治愈定义为术后患者无任何自觉症状，客观治愈定义为术后阴道顶端位于坐骨棘水平。结果平均手术时间45min（30～90min），术中平均失血量105ml（60-200ml），手术无膀胱、直肠损伤。术后平均住院时间4．7d（4～8d），导尿管引流平均2．3d（2～7d）。术后随访1～42个月，平均10个月，主观治愈率和客观治愈率均为98％。结论对子宫脱垂和阴道穹隆脱垂患者，采用阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

盆腔器官脱垂的动态MRI研究进展

盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是指由于盆底支持结构薄弱导致的盆腔器官疝出.动态MRI为无放射性、无创、快捷、全面、高分辨率的检查方法,其软组织对比性强,可清晰显示静息位及动态位时盆底肌肉和筋膜组织结构及功能上的变化,了解盆腔多组织器官的状况,为临床提供客观影像学数据.动态MRI常用于...     

Synthetic biomaterials for pelvic floor reconstruction

Pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence increase with age. The increasing proportion of the aging female population is likely to result in a demand for care of pelvic floor prolapse and incontinence. Experimental evidence of altered connective tissue metabolism may predispose to pelvic floor dysfunction, supporting the use of biomaterials, such as synthetic mesh, to correct pelvic fascial defects. Re-establishing pelvic support and continence calls for a biomaterial to be inert, flexible, and durable and to simultaneously minimize infection and erosion risk. Mesh as a biomaterial has evolved considerably throughout the past half century to the current line that combines ease of use, achieves good outcomes, and minimizes risk. This article explores the biochemical basis for pelvic floor attenuation and reviews various pelvic reconstructive mesh materials, their successes, failures, complications, and management.     

Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and cystocolpoproctography alter surgical management of pelvic floor disorders

PURPOSE: Pelvic organ prolapse results in a spectrum of progressively disabling disorders. Despite attempts to standardize the clinical examination, a variety of imaging techniques are used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic cystocolpoproctography in the surgical management of females with complex pelvic floor disorders. METHODS: Twenty-two patients were identified from The Johns Hopkins Pelvic Floor Disorders Center database who had symptoms of complex pelvic organ prolapse and underwent dynamic magnetic resonance, dynamic cystocolpoproctography, and subsequent multidisciplinary review and operative repair. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group was 58 ± 13 years, and all patients were Caucasian. Constipation (95.5 percent), urinary incontinence (77.3 percent), complaints of incomplete fecal evacuation (59.1 percent), and bulging vaginal tissues (54.4 percent) were the most common complaints on presentation. All patients had multiple complaints with a median number of 4 symptoms (range, 2–8). Physical examination, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, and dynamic cystocolpoproctography were concordant for rectocele, enterocele, cystocele, and perineal descent in only 41 percent of patients. Dynamic imaging lead to changes in the initial operative plan in 41 percent of patients. Dynamic magnetic resonance was the only modality that identified levator ani hernias. Dynamic cystocolpoproctography identified sigmoidoceles and internal rectal prolapse more often than physical examination or dynamic magnetic resonance. CONCLUSIONS: Levator ani hernias are often missed by physical examination and traditional fluoroscopic imaging. Dynamic magnetic resonance and cystocolpoproctography are complementary studies to the physical examination that may alter the surgical management of females with complex pelvic floor disorders.Presented at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Boston, Massachusetts, June 24 to 29, 2000.No reprints are available.     

The effect of age on short-term outcomes after abdominal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVES: To compare perioperative morbidity and 1-year outcomes of older and younger women undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). DESIGN: Prospective ancillary analysis. SETTING: Academic medical centers in National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Study. PARTICIPANTS: Women with POP and no symptoms of stress incontinence. INTERVENTION: Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with randomization to receive Burch colposuspension for treatment of possible occult incontinence or not. MEASUREMENTS: Perioperative complications and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification and quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 6 weeks and 3 and 12 months postoperatively). RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-two women aged 31 to 82 (21% aged > or =70), 93% white. Older women had higher baseline comorbidity (P<.001) and more severe POP (P=.003). Controlling for prolapse stage and whether Burch was performed, there were no age differences in complication rates. Older women had longer hospital stays (3.1+/-1.0 vs 2.7+/-1.5 days, P=.02) and higher prevalence of incontinence at 6 weeks (54.7% vs 37.2%, P=.005). At 3 and 12 months, there were no differences in self-reported incontinence, stress testing for incontinence, or prolapse stage. Improvements from baseline were significant on all QOL measures but with no age differences. CONCLUSION: Outcomes of prolapse surgery were comparable between older and younger women except that older women had slightly longer hospital stays.     

Management of pelvic organ prolapse

Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse can afflict up to 10% of women. Urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction or difficulty possibly related to bladder outlet obstruction are common symptoms. Infrequently hydronephrosis or defecatory dysfunction can be seen. The management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) should start with adequate assessment of all pelvic floor complaints. If a patient is not symptomatic, surgical intervention is usually not indicated. While the use of a variety of graft materials are available today including porcine, dermal and synthetic grafts, that are used in some surgical approaches to pelvic organ prolapse, other more conservative approaches may prove beneficial to many patients. This article describes our approach to the patient with pelvic organ prolapse.     

Effects of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on the Bladder

Purpose of Review

To assess how pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and treatment affect bladder function.

Recent Findings

There is significant overlap between POP and bladder symptoms, including urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. POP may result in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to urethral kinking, which may result in overactive bladder (OAB), dysfunctional voiding, and occult or de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Improvements in obstructive symptoms and dysfunctional voiding after POP surgery suggest that pelvic floor reconstruction restores pelvic floor anatomic structure and function. Furthermore, correction of anatomic structure also seems to improve OAB symptoms, although a direct causative link has yet to be established.

Summary

Pelvic floor syndromes should be interpreted as a whole. POP, OAB, urinary incontinence, BOO, and dysfunctional voiding are all part of pelvic floor syndromes, coexisting and interacting to manifest different symptoms before and after POP treatment.

     

Frequency of anal incontinence and results of pelvic viscerography in 291 women with pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of anal incontinence in a population of 291 women with pelvic organ prolapse and evaluate the results of pelvic viscerogram in this situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each patient answered a standardized questionnaire on medical, obstetric and surgical past histories and answers were logged in a database. The viscerograms were performed by a single specialized radiologist. RESULTS: All patients but one were parous. The prevalence of anal incontinence was 26.1%. Stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence were significantly associated with anal incontinence. No obstetric or surgical risk factor for anal incontinence was demonstrated. Viscerography demonstrated rectoceles (n=86, 29.1%), enteroceles (n=77, 26.5%), cystoceles (n=174, 59.8%), and intra-anal rectal prolapse (n=106, 36.4%). A significant association was found between intra-anal rectal prolapse and anal incontinence. CONCLUSION: Anal incontinence is frequent in patients with pelvic organ prolapse, even more so in the presence of urinary incontinence, and should be investigated by pelvic viscerography. Pelvic floor dysfunction is frequently associated with enteroceles, rectoceles and rectal prolapse. Pelvic viscerograms should be systematically performed in the diagnostic work-up in patients with pelvic organ prolapse when surgical treatment is considered.     

Urodynamic evaluation of the bladder and pelvic floor

Pelvic floor disorders including lower urinary tract dysfunction are common, and may be evaluated by urodynamic tests, such as cystometry, uroflowmetry, pressure flow studies, electromyography, and video-urodynamics. These urodynamic tests provide objective information regarding the normal and abnormal function of the urinary tract and pelvic floor, and provide a better understanding of the pathophysiologic processes that cause lower urinary tract symptoms. This article describes typical urodynamic studies and their roles in the evaluation of common pelvic floor disorders, including stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and pelvic organ prolapse.     

Female pelvic floor dysfunction--an imaging perspective

Female pelvic floor dysfunction encompasses a range of morbidities, including urinary incontinence, female pelvic organ prolapse, anal incontinence and obstructed defecation. Patients often present with symptoms covered by several specialties including gastroenterology, colorectal surgery, urology and gynecology. Imaging can therefore bring clinicians from multiple specialties together by revealing that we frequently deal with different aspects of one underlying problem or pathophysiological process. This article provides an interdisciplinary imaging perspective on the pelvic floor. Modern pelvic floor imaging comprises defecation proctography, translabial and endorectal ultrasound, and static and dynamic MRI. This Perspectives focuses on the potential use of translabial ultrasound, including 3D and 4D applications, for diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders. Over the next decade, pelvic floor imaging will most likely be integrated into mainstream diagnostics in obstetrics and gynecology and colorectal surgery. Using imaging to facilitate communication between different specialties has the potential to greatly improve the multidisciplinary management of complex pelvic floor disorders.