胰高血糖素样肽-1抑制软脂酸诱导的MIN6细胞凋亡

目的 探讨胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)对软脂酸(PA)诱导的MIN6细胞凋亡及分泌胰岛素功能的影响.方法 传代培养处于对数生长期的胰岛β细胞MIN6细胞株分为三组.PA组:加入0.5 mmol/L PA孵育36 h;GLP-1+PA组:加入10 nmol/LGLP-1,12 h后再加入0.5 mmol/L PA继续孵育36 h,期间每12 h加1次相同浓度的GLP-1;对照组:未加GLP-1或PA,其他培养条件相同.MTT比色法检测细胞活力;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡百分率;放射免疫分析法测定MIN6细胞胰岛素分泌量.结果 PA组MIN6细胞凋亡率为(39.41±10.16)%,细胞活力较对照组减少25.8%(P＜0.05);GLP-1+PA组MIN6细胞凋亡率为(32.80±8.06)%,细胞活力较PA组增强13.88%(P＜0.05),其高糖和低糖状态下胰岛素分泌均明显高于PA组(P＜0.01).结论 GLP-1可以抑制PA诱导的MIN6细胞凋亡,同时改善细胞胰岛素分泌功能.     

高糖对胰岛β细胞增殖活力、分泌功能及内质网应激相关分子表达的影响

目的 研究持续高糖刺激对胰岛β细胞株MIN6增殖活力、分泌功能及内质网应激相关分子表达的影响.方法 将不同浓度葡萄糖(5.6、25和33.3mmol/L组)分别加入胰岛β细胞株MIN6培养液中,于不同时间点(24h和96h)收集细胞进行相关检测.CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力;ELISA法检测胰岛素和胰岛素原分泌能力;Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别检测内质网应激相关分子Total XBP-1、Spliced XBP-1 mRNA及磷酸化IRE1α蛋白的表达.结果 加入葡萄糖后96h,各组细胞增殖活力均显著低于孵育后24h;在同一时间点,33.3mmol/L组和25mmol/L组显著低于5.6 mmol/L组(均P<0.05).加入葡萄糖后96h,33.3mmol/L组胰岛素分泌较干预后24h明显减少,而胰岛素原分泌显著增加(均P<0.05).加入葡萄糖后24h和96 h的各组Spliced XBP-1 mRNA表达,以及加入葡萄糖后96h的各组Total XBP-1 mRNA和磷酸化 IRE1α蛋白表达,均随葡萄糖浓度的增加而上调(P<0.05),呈现浓度依赖性.结论 持续性高糖可使胰岛β细胞的增殖活力下降、分泌功能受损及内质网应激相关分子表达增加,而后者可能是导致葡萄糖毒性的原因之一.     

高糖对胰岛β细胞增殖活力、分泌功能及内质网应激相关分子表达的影响

目的 研究持续高糖刺激对胰岛β细胞株MIN6增殖活力、分泌功能及内质网应激相关分子表达的影响.方法 将不同浓度葡萄糖(5.6、25和33.3mmol/L组)分别加入胰岛β细胞株MIN6培养液中,于不同时间点(24h和96h)收集细胞进行相关检测.CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力;ELISA法检测胰岛素和胰岛素原分泌能力;Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别检测内质网应激相关分子Total XBP-1、Spliced XBP-1 mRNA及磷酸化IRE1α蛋白的表达.结果 加入葡萄糖后96h,各组细胞增殖活力均显著低于孵育后24h;在同一时间点,33.3mmol/L组和25mmol/L组显著低于5.6 mmol/L组(均P<0.05).加入葡萄糖后96h,33.3mmol/L组胰岛素分泌较干预后24h明显减少,而胰岛素原分泌显著增加(均P<0.05).加入葡萄糖后24h和96 h的各组Spliced XBP-1 mRNA表达,以及加入葡萄糖后96h的各组Total XBP-1 mRNA和磷酸化 IRE1α蛋白表达,均随葡萄糖浓度的增加而上调(P<0.05),呈现浓度依赖性.结论 持续性高糖可使胰岛β细胞的增殖活力下降、分泌功能受损及内质网应激相关分子表达增加,而后者可能是导致葡萄糖毒性的原因之一.     

胰高血糖素样多肽1拮抗游离脂肪酸诱导的胰岛β细胞胰腺衍生因子表达与机制

目的 观察游离脂肪酸(FFA)对胰岛β-TC3细胞胰腺衍生因子(PANDER)表达的影响,并探讨胰高血糖素样多肽1(GLP-1)对其的拮抗作用及与蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路的关系.方法 培养β-TC3细胞,以不同浓度棕榈酸(PA)处理12 h,0.5 mmol/L的PA处理不同时间后实时荧光定量PCR法检测PANDER mRNA表达;Western印迹检测对照组、PA组、PA+GLP-1组、GLP-1组处理12 h后PANDER、P-Akt及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3酶原蛋白表达;在上述各组加入Akt特异阻断剂(Akti-1/2)后,再检测PANDER蛋白表达,并以Hoechst33258核染色法检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 (1)PA浓度依赖性及时间依赖性增加PANDER mRNA表达(P<0.05);(2)与对照组(100%)比较,PA组诱导PANDER蛋白表达高[(148±18)%,P<0.05),PA+GLP-1组PA诱导PANDER表达为[(70±17)%,P<0.01];(3)Akti-1/2减弱GLP-1抑制PA诱导的PANDER表达及细胞凋亡的效应:PA+GLP-1+Akti-1/2组较PA+GLP-1组PANDER蛋白显著高[(249+49)%比(110±54)%,P<0.01],细胞凋亡率显著高[(37.8±-1.5)%比(20.1±3.5)%,P<0.01].结论 PA可诱导PANDER的表达及胰岛B细胞凋亡,GLP-1通过激活Akt通路拮抗PA诱导的PANDER表达及胰岛B细胞凋亡.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of free fatty acid(FFA)on the expression of pancreatic derived factor(PANDER)in β-cells and to explore the possible relationship between PANDER and Akt signaling pathway at the anti-apoptotic effects of glucagon-like peptide-l(GLP-1).Methods β-TC3 cells were cultured in vitro witH palmitic acid(PA)of different concentrations and different time courses.The expression of PANDER mRNA was analyzed by realtime quantitative PCR β-TC3 cells were cultured with vehicle.0.5 mmol/L PA.0.5 mmol/L PA+10 nmol/L GLP-1 and 10nmol/L GLP-1respectively with or without Akti-1/2, a selective inhibitor of Akt, for 12 hours.The protein levels of PANDER, P-Akt and pro-caspase3 were detected by Western blot And cell apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst33258 staining.Results (1)PA could dose and time dependently increased the expression of PANDER mRNA in β cells(vs control, P<0.05);(2)PA increased the PANDER protein expression [(148±18)%vs control 100%.P<0.05].However,these effects were attenuated by GLP-1 [(70±17)%vs PA group,P<0.01];(3)Akt inhibitor-1/2 alleviated the effects of GLP-1 on PA inducing the expression of PANDER.The expression of PANDER increased significantly in PA+GLP-1+Akti-1/2 group [(249±49)%vs PA+GLP-1 group(110±54)%,P<0.01],and cell apoptosis increased significantly as well[(37.8±1.5)%vs PA+GLP-1 group(20.1±3.5)%,P<0.01].Conclusion PA induces the expression of PANDER and the apoptosis of β cell while GLP-1 counteracts the above effects through an activation of Akt signaling pathway.     

Association of JNK1 activation with palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in L6 rat muscle cells

目的 建立棕榈酸(PA)诱导的大鼠L6肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,初步探讨其机制与C-jun氨基末端激酶1(JNK1)活化的关系.方法 不同浓度PA分别培养已分化的L6肌细胞2、4、8、12、24、36 h,用葡萄糖试剂盒分别检测各组培养液中剩余葡萄糖浓度,观察不同浓度PA对骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响.MTT法检测棕榈酸对L6细胞活性的影响.建立L6肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,Western blot检测正常组(NG组)和胰岛素抵抗组(IR组)的JNK1和p-JNK1的蛋白表达水平.结果 0.4 mmol/L的PA孵育24~36 h与0.6、0.8 mmol/L的PA孵育8~24 h后细胞上清液葡萄糖浓度明显高于NG组(P<0.05),MTT结果显示0.8、1.0 mmol/L的PA作用24、36 h时对细胞的活性有影响.Western blot结果显示:NG组JNK1和p-JNK1的表达量较低,IR组JNK1和p-JNK1的表达量上升,其中p-JNK1表达量上升较JNK1明显,但与NG组比较,IR组的JNK1表达差异无统计学意义,p-JNK1、p-JNK1/JNK1表达差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 通过一定浓度和时间的PA刺激可导致大鼠L6成肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的形成,其机制可能和JNK1的活化有一定关系.     

硫酸脱氢表雄酮对MIN6细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的影响

目的探讨硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)对胰岛β细胞株MIN6葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的影响。方法以葡萄糖刺激浓度为2.8mmol/L和16.7mmol/L的对数生长期MIN6细胞作为实验对象,分别以1、5、10μmol/LDHEAS干预10min和24h(不同浓度DHEAS组),以5μmol/LDHEAS或与10μmol/L糖皮质激素受体阻断剂RU486联合干预24h(DHEAS和DHEAS+RU486组),设立空白对照组。ELISA法测定细胞培养上清液中胰岛素分泌量,Real-TimePCR检测细胞胰岛素mRNA表达。结果干预后10min和24h时点,5μmol/L和10μmol/LDHEAS组MIN6细胞培养上清液中的胰岛素分泌量均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05);干预后24h时点,DHEAS+RU486组与DHEAS组MIN6细胞培养上清液中胰岛素分泌量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。干预后24h时点,5μmol/L和10μmol/LDHEAS组MIN6细胞胰岛素mRNA表达均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。结论 DHEAS对MIN6细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素...     

Visfatin通过线粒体途径抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡

目的 探讨内脏脂肪素(visfatin)对棕榈酸诱导胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响.方法 小鼠胰岛β细胞株MIN6体外传代培养,进入对数生长期后进行实验.MTT法检测不同浓度visfatin(0～10-7 mol/L)作用24～72 h后MIN6细胞活力变化.流式细胞术检测0.5 mmol/L棕榈酸和(或)10-8 mol/L visfatin处理24 h后MIN6细胞凋亡率的变化;Western blotting检测MIN6抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2、bax、激活型caspase-3和胞质细胞色素C表达的变化.结果 Visfatin作用24～48 h,MIN6细胞活力呈剂量依赖性增加(P<0.05).流式细胞仪检测发现,10-8 mol/L visfatin处理24 h可明显降低棕榈酸诱导的细胞凋亡率(P<0.05);Western blotting结果 表明,10-8 mol/L visfatin可显著抑制棕榈酸引起的细胞内源性bcl-2表达的下调及激活型caspase-3和胞质细胞色素C表达的上调(P<0.05).结论 Visfatin可促进胰岛β细胞增殖,并通过细胞内线粒体途径抑制由棕榈酸诱导的胰岛β细胞凋亡.     

Vaspin对棕榈酸诱导的INS-1细胞自噬水平的影响

目的:研究脂肪细胞因子Vaspin对棕榈酸诱导的INS-1细胞自噬水平的影响。方法:培养INS-1细胞,分为正常组:用普通培养基培养24 h;棕榈酸(palmitic acid,PA)组:以0.5 mmol/L PA培养24 h;PA+Vaspin组:先加入320 ng/mL Vaspin预培养2 h,再以0.5 mmol/L PA+320 ng/mL Vaspin共培养24 h;PA+Vaspin+雷帕霉素(rapamycin)组:先以50 nmol/L Rapamycin预培养2 h,再以0.5 mmol/L PA+320 ng/mL Vaspin共培养24 h;PA+Vaspin+3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3-MA)组:先以1mmol/L 3-MA预培养2 h,再以0.5 mmol/L PA+320 ng/mL Vaspin共培养24 h。葡萄糖(3.3 mmol/L和16.7 mmol/L)刺激胰岛素分泌实验检测各组胰岛素分泌水平,Western blot检测哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)、...     

FGF-21与罗格列酮钠对棕榈酸诱导的胰岛细胞株凋亡的保护作用及机制研究

目的 探讨成纤维细胞生长因子-21(FGF-21)和罗格列酮钠(RO)对棕榈酸(PA)诱导的HIT-T15胰岛细胞凋亡的保护作用和机制.方法 ① 0.25、0.50和1.00 mmol/L的PA干预HIT-T15细胞24 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.②在0.50 mmol/L的PA中分别加入FGF-21[12.50 nmol/L(A)、25.00 nmol/L(B)、50.00 nmol/L(C)]、 1 μmol/L RO及3个不同浓度的FGF-21与RO联合,检测细胞凋亡,免疫细胞化学法、Western blot检测各组细胞磷酸化c-jun氨基末端激酶(p-JNK)的表达.结果 ①PA组细胞凋亡高于对照组(P<0.05).②FGF-21 A、B、C组能明显降低0.50 mmol/L PA诱导的凋亡(P<0.05),但凋亡率高于对照组(P<0.05).FGF-21与RO联合干预组的细胞凋亡低于PA组(P<0.05).联合干预组的细胞凋亡低于单用FGF-21组(P<0.05).③ 0.50 mmol/L PA组的p-JNK蛋白表达高于对照组(P<0.05).不同浓度FGF-21组的p-JNK的表达均低于PA组(P<0.05).FGF-21与RO联合干预组的p-JNK均低于PA组(P<0.05).联合干预组p-JNK的表达低于单用FGF-21组(P<0.05).结论 ①PA可剂量依赖性的诱导HIT-T15胰岛细胞的凋亡.②FGF-21能抑制PA诱导的HIT-T15胰岛细胞株的凋亡,此机制可能是抑制了p-JNK的表达,并且与RO有协同作用.     

棕榈酸致大鼠L6肌细胞胰岛素抵抗与JNK1活化的关系

目的建立棕榈酸(PA)诱导的大鼠L6肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,初步探讨其机制与C-jun氨基末端激酶1(JNK1)活化的关系。方法不同浓度PA分别培养已分化的L6肌细胞2、4、8、12、24、36 h,用葡萄糖试剂盒分别检测各组培养液中剩余葡萄糖浓度,观察不同浓度PA对骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响。MTT法检测棕榈酸对L6细胞活性的影响。建立L6肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,Western blot检测正常组(NG组)和胰岛素抵抗组(IR组)的JNK1和p-JNK1的蛋白表达水平。结果 0.4 mmol/L的PA孵育24～36 h与0.6、0.8 mmol/L的PA孵育8～24 h后细胞上清液葡萄糖浓度明显高于NG组(P<0.05),MTT结果显示0.8、1.0 mmol/L的PA作用24、36 h时对细胞的活性有影响。Western blot结果显示:NG组JNK1和p-JNK1的表达量较低,IR组JNK1和p-JNK1的表达量上升,其中p-JNK1表达量上升较JNK1明显,但与NG组比较,IR组的JNK1表达差异无统计学意义,p-JNK1、p-JNK1/JNK1表达差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过一定浓度和时间的PA刺激可导致大鼠L6成肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的形成,其机制可能和JNK1的活化有一定关系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.