淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性测定

作者于1986年3月从深圳市急性尿道炎病人中分离到数株淋球菌,随意取其中一株,用广州白云山制药厂出品的药物敏感试验干燥纸片测定了其对抗生素的敏感性,证实此株菌对青霉素G,羧苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、先锋霉素Ⅰ、Ⅵ和新青霉素Ⅱ皆为耐药,对麦迪霉素为中度敏感;而对红霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素、先锋霉素V和痢特灵敏感.本文对淋球菌分离和培养的条件及耐青霉素淋球菌的流行趋势进行了讨论.     

淋球菌对环丙氟哌酸的药物敏感度测定

为了解我国淋球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性，以琼脂稀释法测定了１９９４年７月～１９９６年７月由４个城市分离的５３５株淋球菌对环丙氟哌酸的敏感性，环丙氟哌酸最小抑菌浓度的范围为０．００２～〉２ｍｇ／Ｌ，７３株（１３．６４％）对环丙氟哌酸耐药，４９株（９．１６％），对环丙氟哌酸敏感。４１３株（７７．１９％）为低敏，４个城市对氟喹诺酮耐药的淋球菌的比率介于７．４６％～２５．５５％，耐药菌株比率呈上升趋势，     

淋球菌对头孢菌素类药物敏感性的检测

目的评估药敏纸片琼脂扩散法（K-B法）检测淋球菌对三代口服头孢菌素类药物敏感性的符合率。方法中国医学科学院皮肤病研究所性病科门诊收集的100株淋球菌临床分离菌株。采用K-B法检测淋球菌对头孢克肟、头孢泊肟、头孢布坦3种药物的敏感性;Etest法检测淋球菌对头孢克肟、头孢泊肟的敏感性;最低抑菌浓度琼脂稀释法（MIC法）检测淋球菌对头孢布坦的敏感性。结果K-B法和Etest法对头孢克肟敏感菌株的检测率分别为92．0％和100％;K-B法和Etest法对头孢泊肟敏感菌株的检测率分别为94．9％和100％;K-B法和MIC法对头孢布坦敏感菌株的检测率分别为93．0％和95．3％。结论K-B法对3种药物敏感菌株的检测率与Etest或MIC法检测结果差异无统计学意义。     

淋病奈瑟菌体外药敏试验与治疗效果的相关性分析

目的 探讨淋病奈瑟菌体外药敏试验与治疗效果的相关性.方法 选取2017年6月至2019年6月青岛市胶州中心医院皮肤性病科分离培养出淋病奈瑟菌株的80例患者作为研究对象.随机分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40).所有分离株均接受青霉素、环丙沙星、四环素、头孢曲松、大观霉素和阿奇霉素的药敏试验.根据药敏试验结果选择抗...     

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand.

Four hundred and forty-two isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested by an agar dilution method for their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephaloridine, and spectinomycin. Of these isolates, 295 were tested for their susceptibility to sulphamethoxazole and to trimethoprim by the same method, using Oxoid diagnostic sensitivity test agar plus 7.5% laked horse blood instead of Proteose No. 3 agar plus 1% IsoVitaleX and 1% haemoglobin. One hundred (22.6%) of the isolates were found to be relatively resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than 0.1 iu/ml), but only 1.1% had a MIC of 1 iu/ml or higher. Ampicillin was slightly more active than penicillin in that all isolates were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml or less. For 3.7% of isolates the MIC of tetracycline was 2 microgram/ml or higher. All isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin. By calculating the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs), a high correlation (rs greater than 0.5) was found between susceptibility to penicillin and susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cephaloridine. Low correlation (rs less than 0.2) was found between susceptibility to penicillin and susceptibility to spectinomycin, sulphamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.     

Relation between nutritional requirements and susceptibilities to antibiotics of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from pharyngeal and anogenital sites.

Auxotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on 100 consecutive isolates of non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (non-PPNG) taken on the same occasion from throat and anogenital sites, 100 non-PPNG strains isolated from the throat only, and 100 non-PPNG strains from anogenital sites only. Non-requiring, non-requiring and phenylalanine inhibited, proline requiring, amino acid group requiring, and arginine requiring auxotypes predominated in all groups of patients. Strains of the arginine requiring type found in anogenital sites tended to have additional requirements. The auxotypes and susceptibility to antibiotics of 93 of the 100 paired cultures from the throat and anogenital sites were identical. There appeared to be a slight preponderance of moderately susceptible strains in isolates from the throat. A strong correlation was found between nutritional requirements and sensitivity to antibiotics. Auxotypes of and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for N gonorrhoeae isolated from the throat were mostly the same as the auxotypes of and MICs for strains that were circulating during the study period in Amsterdam.     

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand.

Four hundred and forty-two isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested by an agar dilution method for their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephaloridine, and spectinomycin. Of these isolates, 295 were tested for their susceptibility to sulphamethoxazole and to trimethoprim by the same method, using Oxoid diagnostic sensitivity test agar plus 7.5% laked horse blood instead of Proteose No. 3 agar plus 1% IsoVitaleX and 1% haemoglobin. One hundred (22.6%) of the isolates were found to be relatively resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than 0.1 iu/ml), but only 1.1% had a MIC of 1 iu/ml or higher. Ampicillin was slightly more active than penicillin in that all isolates were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml or less. For 3.7% of isolates the MIC of tetracycline was 2 microgram/ml or higher. All isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin. By calculating the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs), a high correlation (rs greater than 0.5) was found between susceptibility to penicillin and susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cephaloridine. Low correlation (rs less than 0.2) was found between susceptibility to penicillin and susceptibility to spectinomycin, sulphamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Harare, Zimbabwe. Relationship to serogroup

The authors investigated one hundred fifty-four isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained from men, women, and infants in Harare, Zimbabwe, for in vitro susceptibility to various antibiotics and for reactivity with serogrouping antisera. The authors found sixty-four (42%) isolates to be WI serogroup and 90 (58%) to be WII/III. One hundred three isolates were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG); although all of these showed resistance to penicillin, 14 isolates had an MIC to penicillin of less than 10 mg/L. All of these 14 isolates were WI serogroup. Twenty-seven of the 51 non-PPNG showed in vitro resistance to penicillin (MIC greater than 1.25 mg/L). All but one of these chromosomally resistant isolates were WII/III serogroup. With cefuroxime, tetracycline, and erythromycin, 10-15% of isolates had MICs greater than accepted breakpoints. Most isolates were susceptible to thiamphenicol, and all were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, and spectinomycin. The authors noted that WI isolates, whether PPNG or not, were consistently more susceptible to antibiotics than WII/III isolates. Only with kanamycin and spectinomycin were the MICs of the two serogroups similar.     

Blood group, secretor status, and susceptibility to infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

To determine whether the presence or absence of anti-B isohaemagglutinin in individuals of blood group B increases their susceptibility to gonococcal infections 567 new patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic were screened for blood group and secretor status. Of the patients with blood group B, 20.1% had gonorrhoea and 12% had not. A higher percentage (20.9%) of patients with no anti-B isohaemagglutinin had gonorrhoea compared with those without (12.1%). There was, however, no synergy between the absence of anti-B isohaemagglutin and nonsecretion of water-soluble blood group B antigen. Further research is needed to determine the underlying host-parasite interactions responsible for the increased susceptibility to gonorrhoea in these individuals.     

威海地区抗淋球菌药物敏感性研究

目的:研究威海地区淋病奈瑟菌(简称淋球菌)对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法:用淋球菌快速定量检测法,检测82株淋球菌对15种抗菌药物的体外药物敏感度,同时应用纸片扩散法(Kirby-Bauer法)进行对照。结果:82株淋球菌中检出11株PPNG菌株(13.41%)。耐青霉素的淋球菌耐药性已达62.2%。用纸片法测得四环素、青霉素和红霉素的耐药率分别为58.5%、52.4%和92.1%。1.2%的菌株耐大观霉素(MIC≥64μg/mL),但所有菌株均对头孢曲松敏感。对环丙沙星的耐药率为74.4%(MIC≥1μg/mL),对头孢噻甲羧肟及头孢呋肟的耐药率均为11.0%(MIC≥32μg/mL)。结论:头孢曲松及大观霉素对淋球菌抗菌活性最强,可作为首选药。     

Incidence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains and susceptibility of gonococcal isolates to antibiotics in Benin City, Nigeria.

Of 53 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Benin City, Nigeria, in February 1983 to October 1984, 46 (87%) produced penicillinase. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin G and ampicillin for these isolates were between 1 mg/l and and 50 mg/l. About 48% (22/46) of the penicillinase producing strains were also resistant to streptomycin, cotrimoxazole, and ampicillin and cloxacillin. All 53 isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, erythromycin, amoxycillin and clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid, spectinomycin, and the penicillinase stable cephalosporins. The high incidence of resistance may have been the result of indiscriminate and unsupervised use of antibiotics before patients presented for proper treatment in clinics and hospitals.     

High prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Japan.

OBJECTIVE--To study the antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Japan and, in particular, to examine the possibility of emerging fluoroquinolone resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS--Sixty-nine strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in 1992 were tested for susceptibility to 15 antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and were seroclassified. Twenty-seven strains isolated from 1981 to 1984 were also evaluated as controls. RESULTS--The MIC90 values of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against the isolates from 1992 were 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC90 values of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against the isolates from 1981-84 (controls) were 0.25, 0.125, and 0.063 microgram/ml, respectively. These results indicate that the MIC90 values of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against the strains from 1992 were 8-fold higher than those against the strains from 1981-84. However, there were no significant differences in susceptibility to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, and spectinomycin between the isolates from 1992 and those from 1981-84. The majority of the isolates belonged to the WII/WIII serogroup. There was no relationship between fluoroquinolone resistance and serogroup. CONCLUSIONS--Fluoroquinolones have been used frequently as first-line therapy and have provided excellent clinical efficacy for gonococcal infections for the last several years in Japan. However, our data indicate that a rapid decrease in the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to fluoroquinolones is occurring in our country.     

淋病奈瑟菌对头孢曲松耐药性及敏感性降低机制的研究进展

头孢曲松为目前治疗淋病的首选药物之一,国内外淋球菌耐药监测均发现淋球菌对头孢曲松敏感性降低,并已发现少数散发的头孢曲松耐药株。淋球菌对头孢曲松敏感性降低主要由染色体介导,目前大多数研究主要关注三个方面：一是抗生素作用靶位点的改变,影响抗生素与淋球菌的结合产生耐药;二是细菌细胞膜孔蛋白的改变,导致膜通透性降低产生耐药;三是外排系统的改变,导致细菌外排作用增强产生耐药。涉及的基因有penA、ponA、porB和mtrR等。     

中山地区淋球菌头孢菌素敏感性及NG-MAST研究

目的: 研究中山辖区淋球菌对头孢曲松与头孢克肟的敏感性,及淋球菌多抗原测序分型(NG-MAST)的基因型别.方法: 收集2017-2018年中山市辖区医疗机构淋球菌菌株,经分离、鉴定和纯化后,采用琼脂稀释法检测其对头孢曲松与头孢克肟的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);应用NG-MAST进行淋球菌porB和tbpB外膜蛋白基因分型...     

Antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Arkhangelsk, Russia

OBJECTIVES: To characterise comprehensively the antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Arkhangelsk, Russia, and to investigate whether the recommended treatment guidelines are updated and effective. METHODS: The susceptibility of N gonorrhoeae isolates, cultured during June-November 2004 mainly from consecutive patients with gonorrhoea (n = 76) in Arkhangelsk, to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin and tetracycline was analysed using Etest. Nitrocefin discs were used for beta-lactamase detection. RESULTS: The levels of intermediate susceptibility and resistance to the different antibiotics were as follows: penicillin G 76%, ampicillin 71%, cefixime 0%, ceftriaxone 3%, ciprofloxacin 17%, erythromycin 54%, azithromycin 14%, kanamycin 49%, spectinomycin 0% and tetracycline 92%. Of the isolates 55 (72%) were determined as multiresistant--that is, they showed intermediate susceptibility or resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. However, none of the isolates were beta-lactamase producing. CONCLUSIONS: In Arkhangelsk, and presumably in many other areas of Russia, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, kanamycin and tetracycline should not be used in the treatment of gonorrhoea if the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing are not available. In Russia, optimised, standardised and quality-assured antibiotic susceptibility testing needs to be established in many laboratories. Subsequently, continuous local, regional and national surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility is crucial to detect the emergence of new resistance, monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis.     

广州地区淋球菌对抗生素耐药性测定结果

用琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、头孢三嗪、壮观霉素、环丙沙星、四环素５种抗生素对１２４株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）,以及用纸片磺量法检测β－内酰胺酶了。结果显示：１２４株淋球菌检出β－内酰胺酶菌株（ＰＰＮＧ）４株（３．２２％）、耐四环素菌株（ＴＲＮＧ）阳性２株（２．６２％）、环丙沙星高度耐药株ＭＩＣ大于８ｍｇ／Ｌ１９株（１５．３％）,未发现对头孢三嗪、壮观霉素耐药菌株,但头孢三嗪敏感性呈下降趋势,应引