瓜薤胸痹滴丸对实验动物血小板聚集和耐缺氧的影响

目的观察瓜薤胸痹滴丸对ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集作用和对小鼠耐常压密闭缺氧的影响。方法采用ADP体外诱导大鼠血小板聚集,用全血电阻法分别测定各实验组大鼠的血小板聚集程度;采用常压密闭实验测定各试验组小鼠耐缺氧生存时间。结果瓜薤胸痹滴丸0.77,1.54 g/kg剂量组的大鼠血小板聚集程度低于正常对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05);瓜薤胸痹滴丸2.31,1.155,0.578 g/kg剂量组的小鼠缺氧生存时间长于正常对照组,有显著或非常显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论瓜薤胸痹滴丸对由ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集具有一定的抑制作用,可明显延长小鼠耐常压密闭缺氧的时间。     

化瘀通药理作用的实验研究

目的:观察化瘀通的药理作用.方法:采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉法,分别观察化瘀通对不完全脑缺血大鼠脑含水量及脑血管通透性的影响.通过对大鼠血小板聚集性及对血小板聚集诱导剂的作用及血小板粘附性的变化观察其对血小板功能的影响,同时观察化瘀通对大鼠实验性血栓形成的影响.结果:化瘀通对不完全性脑缺血大鼠有明显的保护作用,可显著降低大鼠血小板聚集率及血小板粘附性,对静脉注射血小板聚集诱导剂所致小鼠死亡有显著保护作用,对大鼠体外血栓和动静脉旁路循环实验性血栓的形成均有显著的抑制作用.结论:化瘀通对脑缺血和脑血栓有明显的防治作用.     

熄风康的药理研究

实验结果表明，熄风康能显著抑制大鼠血小板聚集及体内血栓形成，改善小鼠耳郭微循环，对小鼠急性脑缺血有明显的保护作用     

熄风康的药理研究

实验结果表明，熄风康能显著抑制大鼠血小板聚集及体内血栓形成，改善小鼠耳廓微循环，对小鼠急性脑缺血有明显的保护作用。     

红景天苷对大鼠和小鼠血液系统的影响

目的:研究红景天苷对大鼠血液流变学指标、大鼠血小板聚集率、小鼠凝血时间和血小板数的影响。方法:用高分子右旋糖酐制备大鼠急性血瘀模型,观察其对血液流变学指标的影响;给予红景天苷5d,观察其对大鼠血小板聚集率、小鼠凝血时间和血小板数的影响。结果:红景天苷(6,12,24mg·kg^-1)能有效预防急性血瘀模型大鼠全血黏度(高,中,低切变率)、血浆黏度、红细胞压积以及纤维蛋白原含量的升高;红景天苷各剂量组能降低大鼠血小板聚集率;红景天苷48.0,24.0mg·kg^-1能明显延长小鼠的凝血时间,各剂量组对血小板数无明显影响。结论:红景天苷能显著改善急性血瘀模型大鼠的血液流变学指标,并有一定的抗凝血作用。     

哮灵冲剂的药效学研究

目的：研究哮灵冲剂的平喘作用。为临床应用提供依据。方法：采用豚鼠引喘潜伏期，小鼠耳廓肿瘤，醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细管通透性，家兔血小板聚集（体外法），大鼠血小板聚集（体外法），二硝基氟苯（DNFB）诱导小鼠迟发性变态反应（DTH）试验。结果：本品能显著延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期，对巴豆油所致小鼠耳廓肿胀及醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性有显著抑制，对体外法及体内法致血小板聚集均有显著抑制，对DNFB诱导小鼠DTH也有显著抑制，结论：哮灵冲剂具有平喘，抗炎，抗凝，抗变态反应作用。     

祛风定痛方对大鼠脑血流量和血小板聚集的影响

目的:观察祛风定痛方对脑血流量、脑微循环和血小板聚集的影响,探讨其治疗偏头痛的作用机制。方法:采用激光多普勒微循环血流仪观察祛风定痛方对大鼠脑血流量的影响,微循环检测仪观察对NA所致小鼠软脑膜微循环障碍的影响,血小板凝聚仪观察对ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集的影响。结果:祛风定痛方在2.25～9g生药/kg剂量范围内,可以显著提高大鼠脑血流量、改善NA所致的小鼠软脑膜微循环障碍、抑制ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集。结论:改善脑血流量、改善脑部微循环、抑制血小板聚集是祛风定痛方防治偏头痛的部分作用机制。     

脑栓通胶囊药效学实验研究

目的：对脑栓通胶囊药放学作用进行研究。方法：以颈动脉结扎法造成大鼠缺血性脑水肿模型，以断颅法造成小鼠脑循环障碍模型，以颈动脉结扎法造成小鼠脑缺血模型，以体外循环法造成大鼠实验性血栓模型以盐酸肾上腺素法造成大鼠血瘀模型，以ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集。结果：脑栓通胶囊能显著降低大鼠缺血性脑水肿程度，延长断颅小鼠的喘息时间，延长脑循环障碍小鼠的存活时间，能抑制大鼠实验性血栓的形成、降低血瘀大鼠的血小板聚集率，并降低其全血粘度、减小红细胞压积、缩短红细胞电泳时间，能延长小鼠凝血时间。结论：脑栓通胶囊具有显著的抗血栓形成、改善脑循环障碍、改善脑供氧状况、消除脑水肿、降低ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集率和活血化瘀作用。     

通脉健脑冲剂抗血栓形成及对低氧性脑障碍的保护作用

通脉健脑冲剂灌胃给药对大鼠实验性血栓形成及小鼠脑血栓形成均有显著的抑制作用;对ADP诱导家兔血小板聚集有显著抑制作用,其抑制百分率为34.54％;能显著延长常压缺氧状态时小鼠的生存时间;可使KCN诱导小鼠昏睡时间显著缩短,证明通脉健脑冲剂对小鼠低氧性脑障碍有显著保护作用。     

脑栓通对血液系统的影影向

脑栓通可显著降低血小板聚集率及血小板粘附性,对iv血小板聚集诱导剂所致小鼠死亡,亦有显著的保护作用,并可显著降低小鼠血浆比粘度。对体外血栓和静脉旁路循环实验性血栓的形成均有显著的抑制作用。显著缩短血浆溶解时间及优球蛋白溶解时间。     

中医药博物馆功能定位及其职能思考

通过梳理博物馆的功能定位,探讨中医药博物馆的功能定位及其职能。一般博物馆的功能包括收藏、展示、教育和研究四大功能。中医药博物馆的功能定位同样是收藏、展示、教育和研究四大功能,包括中医药文物、标本的收藏、研究、鉴定,传承中医药历史、反映当代中医药科技、引领中医药事业发展;普及中医药知识;弘扬中医药文化;中医药非物质文化遗产保护;爱国主义教育;文化旅游;素质教育;服务社会变革等。因此认为,中医药博物馆的职能重在面向全社会,承担其相应职能。     

Evidence of the involvement of the monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of Aloysia gratissima

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Aloysia gratissima (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic plant distributed in South America and, employed in folk medicine for the treatment of nervous systems illness, including depression. The neuroprotective and antidepressant-like activities of the aqueous extract of Aloysia gratissima (AE) administered orally has already been demonstrated.In this study the involvement of monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of the AE was investigated.

Materials and methods

The implication of the monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like activity of Aloysia gratissima was evaluated using different pharmacological antagonists that were administered previously to the acute oral administration of AE (10 mg/kg). The antidepressant-like effect was assessed in the TST and locomotor activity was evaluated in the open-field test in mice.

Results

The anti‐immobility effect elicited by AE in the TST was prevented by the pre-treatment of mice with the antagonists, NAN‐190 (5‐HT_1A receptor), ketanserin (5‐HT_2A/2C receptor), prazosin (α₁‐adrenoceptor), yohimbine (α₂‐adrenoceptor), SCH23390 (dopamine D₁ receptor), or sulpiride (dopamine D₂ receptor).

Conclusions

These results indicate that the antidepressant‐like effect of AE in the TST is dependent on its interaction with the serotonergic (5‐HT_1A and 5‐HT_2A/2C), noradrenergic (α₁ and α₂₋adrenoceptors) and dopaminergic (D₁ and D₂ receptors) systems, suggesting that this specie might act as a new potential resource for developing antidepressants to treat depressive disorders.     

Evaluation of the sub-acute toxicity of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk mushroom

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Lignosus rhinocerus (known locally as ‘Tiger Milk mushroom’) is the most important medicinal mushroom used by the indigenous communities of Malaysia to treat fever, cough, asthma, cancer, food poisoning and as a general tonic. The sclerotium of the mushroom is the part with medicinal value. Lignosus rhinocerus was hitherto unexploited commercially because of limited supply. Recently, the mushroom was successfully cultivated.

Materials and methods

Sprague Dawley rats (5 rats/group/sex) were fed orally with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg TM02, 1000 mg/kg TM03 as well as 1000 mg/kg wild type Lignosus rhinocerus sclerotial powder. Sclerotial powder was orally administered once daily and consecutively for 28 days. Body weight of each animal was measured and any gross behavioral change was observed daily. Hematological and clinical biochemical parameters as well as histopathological analysis were carried out on 29th day.

Results

The results showed that oral administration of the sclerotial powder at daily dose of up to 1000 mg/kg had no adverse effect on the growth rate, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters (including renal and liver function parameters). Histological studies showed that the treatments did not induce any pathological changes in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lung of the animals.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our results show that there was no treatment-related sub-acute toxicity in rats following 28-days oral administration of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg TM02, 1000 mg/kg TM03 as well as 1000 mg/kg wild type Lignosus rhinocerus sclerotial powder. As the highest tested dose of 1000 mg/kg was not associated with any toxicity concern, the NOAEL dose is higher than 1000 mg/kg.     

Characterisation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities and the mechanism of the action of Lippia gracilis essential oil

Aim of the study

Lubricating gut pill (LGP), a traditional Chinese formula, had been conformed to improve the loperamide-induced rat constipation by stimulation of Cl⁻ secretion, but its mechanism has not been fully explored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the action sites of LGP-stimulated Cl⁻ secretion across rat distal colonic mucosa.

Materials and methods

Rat distal colonic mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers and short circuit current (I_SC), apical Cl⁻ current and basolateral K⁺ current were recorded. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were determined with ELISA kit and the non-radioactive PepTag test, respectively.

Results

LGP at 800 μg/ml elicited a sustained increase in Cl⁻ secretory response, which was inhibited by CFTR_inh172, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor. Permeabilizing apical membrane with nystatin revealed that LGP-stimulated basolateral K⁺ current was significantly inhibited by KCNQ1 K⁺ channel inhibitor chromanol 293B. LGP-stimulated I_SC was markedly reduced by pretreatment with cis-N-[2-phenylcyclopentyl]-azacyclotridec-1-en-2amine (MDL-12,330A) and N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89), but not with inhibitors of Ca²⁺-dependent signaling pathway. Treatment of tissue with LGP resulted in an increase in intracellular cAMP level and the activation in protein kinase A. The E-prostanoid₄ (EP)₄ receptor antagonist L-161,982 completely eliminated LGP-induced response.

Conclusions

The results showed that LGP enhances Cl⁻ and fluid secretion via prostanoid receptor signaling and also cAMP and protein kinase A pathway, subsequently triggering the activation of apical Cl⁻ channels mostly CFTR and basolateral cAMP-dependent K⁺ channel.     

基于“三步”理念的附片(黑顺片)分级的思路与实践

目的:根据中药饮片相关法规质量要求和传统分级经验,结合现代检测技术,提出一种创新性的饮片分级理念,并选择附片(黑顺片)为模型进行了实践.方法:选择不同产地黑顺片样品20批按照“三步”分级理念原则进行分级.第1步以性状、检查、含量测定等药典规定指标,确定统货级;第2步以大小(片长、片宽)和颜色(外部颜色E* ab、内部颜色E* ab)等外观指标,确定一级;第3步以道地性及更高级检查项为指标,确定优级.结果:运用该分级研究思路与方法,20批样品中除去3批不符要求者,划分为3个等级:2批为优级;7批为一级;8批为统货级.结论:提出的中药饮片分级的思路与方法可划分黑顺片等级,为附子其他饮片品种分级提供科学支撑,为中药饮片分级思路、技术方法提供借鉴.     

姜杜仲炮制历史沿革及经典名方探讨

杜仲为杜仲科植物杜仲Eucommiaulmoides Oliv.的干燥树皮,具有补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎、降血压之功效,为中医临床常用药物。历代杜仲应用均强调炮制后入药,古人对其炮制研究积累了丰富的实践经验,有净制、切制、酥制、炙制、炒制、蜜炙、姜汁炙、盐水炒、酒拌炒焦、炒炭等十余种炮制方法。其中姜汁炙在多本中医药古籍中均有记载。然而,由于战乱等原因,姜杜仲在清末民初时期意外失传,虽坊间还有使用,但在历代版本的《中华人民共和国药典》及各地中药炮制规范中均未收载。为扩大杜仲主治范围,更好地传承和发展姜杜仲,有必要对其历史沿革进行梳理。文章通过对历代本草古籍、方书、医籍进行收集整理并结合现代书籍、文献资料,对古今姜杜仲的炮制方法进行梳理,对姜杜仲的药性功效、功能主治、临床应用及经典名方进行系统考证,以期为姜杜仲的炮制工艺、临床应用及现代研究提供参考依据。     

商品人参根的化学成分研究

目的 :分离鉴定人参根的化学成分。方法 :大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱及HPLC方法分离 ,通过对其进行理化常数和光谱分析方法确定结构。结果 :自商品人参中分离得到 16个皂苷类成分 ,分别鉴定为三七皂苷 R₂(1) ,人参皂苷 Rg₂(2) ,20 (R) Rg₂ (3) ,人参皂苷-Rg1(4) , Rf(5) ,-Re(6 ) ,-Rd(7) ,-Rc(8) ,-Rb₁(9) ,-Rb₂ (10) ,-Rb₃(11) ,-Ra₃(12) , Ra₂(13) ,-Ra₁(14) ,三七参苷-R₄(15)和人参皂苷-R_o(16)。结论 :化合物 1为首次自本种植物分离得到。     

Mechanisms of the dilator action of the Erigerontis Herba on rat aorta

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Erigerontis Herba is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine and is commonly used for neuroprotection and vascular protection.

Aim of study

In this study, the vasodilator effects of Erigerontis Herba (DZXX) were investigated using rat isolated aorta rings.

Material and method

The involvement of endothelium in the vasorelaxation was studied by comparing response of endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aorta rings which precontracted with U46619. The involvement of K⁺ channels was studied by pretreatment of the aorta rings with various K⁺ channel inhibitors. The involvement of Ca²⁺ channel was studied by incubating aorta rings with Ca²⁺-free solution, primed with U46619 prior to elicit contraction by addition of Ca²⁺ solution.

Results

DZXX (0.2–2 mg/ml) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation on U44619-precontracted aorta rings with EC₅₀ of 0.354±0.036 mg/ml. Removal of endothelium or pretreatment with a BK_Ca inhibitor iberiotoxin, K_IR inhibitor barium chloride or K_v inhibitor 4-aminopyridine produced no effect on the DZXX-induced vasorelaxation. However, pretreatment with a K_ATP inhibitor glibenclamide or a non-selective K⁺ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium produced significant inhibition on the DZXX-induced vasorelaxation by 29.9% and 21.3%, respectively. Pretreatment with DZXX (0.4, 1.2 and 2 mg/ml) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition on Ca²⁺-induced vasoconstriction.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the vasodilator effect of DZXX was endothelium-independent, mediated by decreasing the influx of Ca²⁺ by calcium channel inhibition and increasing the influx of K⁺ by opening of a K_ATP channel.     

春分气运承变与鼻鼽发病相关性探赜

鼻鼽是以鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞等为主要症状的鼻部疾病,发病具有春季易感性。春季为由寒始热之季,春分气运居阴阳相平之界,上承厥阴风木初之气,下启少阴君火二之气,此时寒气将尽,风气流行,湿气连亘,火气欲行,阴阳交争显著,易致气运变化反常。若春分气运交接失常,则人体肝肺气机升降失和,易感鼻鼽。基于春分之气运变化探讨此时鼻鼽发病特点,有利于充实中医“天人相应”理论的科学内涵,也为临床鼻鼽的季节性防治提供一定的思路。     

Observation on the therapeutic effect of the comprehensive therapy in the treatment of peripheral facial palsy

应用综合疗法治疗周围性面神经麻痹患者30例,并与电针浅刺治疗30例进行对照比较.两组治疗后,治疗组治疗痊愈率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),但有效率无明显差异.