冠状动脉分叉病变斑块分布的CT研究

目的:应用多层螺旋CT(MDCT)分析冠状动脉分叉病变的斑块分布特点。方法:利用MDCT对冠状动脉分叉病变分叉远端(分叉嵴平面)和分叉近端(分支入口平面)定性定量分析,比较不同位点的斑块分布厚度,研究MDCT下分叉病变的斑块分布特点,确定影响斑块分布位置的因素。结果:MDCT和冠状动脉造影(CAG)对主支血管定量分析无明显区别,二者测量分支血管最小管腔面积(5.22±2.85mm2vs 3.65±2.94mm2,P=0.027)、外弹力膜面积(7.69±1.69mm2vs 6.61±2.58mm2,P=0.041)、血管直径(2.98±0.50mm vs 2.72±0.41mm,P=0.023)有明显区别,CAG测量分支血管面积狭窄率高于MDCT(0.44±0.31 vs 0.20±0.14,P=0.041)。分叉近端斑块厚度在PT0,°PT90°,PT180°,PT270°四个位点无明显差别(0.95±0.65mm vs 1.00±0.61mm vs 0.99±0.62mm vs 0.96±0.65mm,P0.05)。分叉远端斑块厚度PT180°(1.24±0.49mm)明显大于PT90°和PT270°,PT90°和PT270°斑块厚度明显大于PT0°(0.08±0.12mm)。分叉远端斑块最厚点与分支的角度和分叉角度正相关(r=0.93,r2=0.864)。结论:MDCT在大血管(3.0mm)的定量分析上与CAG有很好的一致性,对小血管(3.0mm)的定量分析结果与CAG有差别,且不能识别CAG显示的轻度病变;MDCT下分叉近端斑块呈360°向心性环周分布;分叉远端斑块呈偏心性分布,多占1/2～2/3管周,斑块主要分布在分叉嵴的对侧;MDCT下分叉远端斑块距离分支开口的位置与分叉角度相关,分叉角度接近直角时,斑块分布在分支开口的对侧壁(180°±),分叉角度为锐角时,斑块分布在分支开口的旁侧壁(90°或270°±)。     

256层螺旋CTA对冠状动脉迂曲与冠心病相关性定量分析

目的采用256层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)定量研究冠状动脉迂曲与冠心病发生率相关性并进一步探讨其临床价值。方法对1275例拟诊冠心病患者行冠状动脉CTA,其中男693例,女582例,年龄33～78岁,平均(57.65±12.35)岁。统计冠状动脉狭窄程度及冠状动脉迂曲发生率,分析两者间的关系,并观察其与性别的关系。结果 1275例行冠状动脉CTA患者中,冠状动脉狭窄(狭窄程度≥50%)患者336例,其中男219例(17.2%),女117例(9.2%)。冠状动脉迂曲患者441例,其中男188例(14.7%),女253例(19.8%)。冠状动脉迂曲组在不同冠状动脉狭窄程度及多支中重度狭窄时,狭窄发生率均低于无迂曲组(P值均<0.05)。结论 256层螺旋CTA可以客观显示冠状动脉的迂曲和狭窄,冠状动脉的迂曲和狭窄均引起了血流动力学的改变,两者之间具有相关性,冠状动脉迂曲可以降低冠状动脉狭窄的发生率及程度。     

多层螺旋CT评估冠状动脉分叉角度对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉前降支（LAD）-对角支（DX）分叉角度与冠状动脉斑块形成和分布的相关性。方法选取我院行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查者72例,所选患者均无高血脂、高血压和糖尿病病史。原始图像经后处理工作站重建出冠状动脉的二维和三维图像。测量冠脉LAD-DX分叉角度、分叉管壁交点至斑块中心垂直线的直线距离,研究冠脉斑块距分叉处的距离和LAD-DX分叉角度的相关性。结果 33例前降支（LAD）存在斑块的患者中,LAD-DX分叉角度与斑块距分叉处的距离之间存在负相关。12例对角支（DX）有斑块者中,LAD-DX分叉角度与斑块距分叉处的距离之间无相关性。结论冠状动脉分叉角度作为一种潜在血流动力学因素对冠状动脉粥样斑块的形成和分布具有重要影响。     

左前降支心肌桥对冠状动脉硬化斑块分布的影响

目的 探讨左前降支心肌桥(LAD-MB)与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系. 方法 回顾性分析本院2013年5月至2014年5月冠状动脉CTA资料823例,其中LAD-MB完全包绕型199例(A组)、不全包绕型55例(B组),无MB者569例(C组).利用容积再现(VR)、曲面重组(CPR)、多平面重组(MPR)等三维技术显示LAD-MB,统计冠状动脉硬化斑块发生率,观察LAD斑块特点,相关数据进行统计学x2检验.结果 LAD-MB 254例,发现MB 269处,近、中、远段分别为3(1.1％)、246(91.5％)、20(7.4％)处.A、B、C组中LAD、PDA、LCX粥样硬化发生率分别为51.8％、47.3％、47.5％;32.2％、25.5％、28.1％;29.6％、20％、20.9％;A组、B组在LAD-MB近侧段、MB段、MB远侧段的硬化发生率分别为51.8％、0.5％、4.5％;47.3％、0％、1.8％;组内比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),组间无差异(P＞0.05).A、B、C组LAD近段、中段、远段硬化发生率分别为44.7％、19.1％、2.5％;36.4％、20％、1.8％;40.2％、26.7％、0.5％;A+B组与C组比较,近段发生率无统计学差异,中段、远段发生率有统计学差异(P＜0.05). 结论 LAD-MB的存在不影响冠状动脉各支粥样硬化的发生率,其LAD斑块分布MB近侧段多于MB段及MB远侧段.与对照组比较,斑块发生率LAD中段低、而远段高,后者可能导致左心室心尖及下壁的缺血.     

基于冠状动脉CTA研究冠状动脉斑块成分与血清Lp(a)水平的相关性

目的 通过对参与本研究患者的冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)图像进行观察分析,探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的成分及发生率与血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的潜在性关系.方法 选取华北理工大学附属医院2017年10月至2019年8月,共188例疑似为冠心病且血清Lp(a)增高的患者且作为观察组;选取188例同时期疑似为冠心病...     

冠状动脉CT血管成像评估易损斑块新进展

大多数急性冠状动脉事件是由易损的动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂引起的,而斑块破裂继发于斑块进展,因此早期识别易损的动脉粥样硬化斑块并进行积极的预防性治疗有助于降低斑块破裂和心肌梗死的发生率。近年来,基于冠状动脉CTA（CCTA）对易损斑块的研究取得了较大进展。本文对易损斑块的CT影像特征、流体力学特征、血管周围脂肪及人工智能方面...     

64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值。方法：将63例临床诊断为冠心病患者根据临床表现分为二组：急性冠脉综合征（ACS）组和稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组。均行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,对检出的斑块进行定性分析,并对各种性质斑块所引起的管腔狭窄程度进行分析。结果：63例中ACS组44例,检出软斑块30个,中等密度斑块18个,钙化斑块11个;稳定型心绞痛组19例中检出软斑块6个,中等密度斑块6个,钙化斑块18个,非钙化斑块（软斑块和中等密度斑块）与冠心病危险性有明显的相关性（P〈0.05）;非钙化斑块导致管腔狭窄程度：轻度狭窄14处,中度狭窄14处,重度狭窄32处;钙化斑块导致管腔狭窄程度：轻度狭窄14处,中度狭窄7处,重度狭窄8处,不同性质斑块与其导致管腔狭窄程度无明显的相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像能够对冠状动脉粥样斑块进行定性分析,可作为评价冠心病危险性度的一种检查技术。     

CTA与DSA评估冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的临床价值

目的 探讨CT血管成像(CTA)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)评估冠心病(CHD)冠状动脉狭窄程度的临床价值。方法选取78例疑似CHD患者,首先行CTA检查,并在随后7天内行DSA检查。将DSA作为诊断金标准,分析CTA对冠状动脉阳性病变的诊断结果。结果 经DSA金标准诊断阳性65例,阴性13例,其中CTA诊断阳性64例,阴性12例。CTA对冠状动脉阳性病变诊断的阴性预测值为92.31%、阳性预测值98.46%、灵敏度98.46%、特异度92.31%、符合率97.44%,一致性分析Kappa值分别为0.890,0.932,0.890,0.932,0.928。DSA与CTA对CHD冠状动脉狭窄程度的检查结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CTA对于CHD具有较高的诊断价值,能够有效识别冠状动脉狭窄程度与斑块类型。     

多层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉斑块中的临床应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉粥样斑块的价值.方法：对 72例患者进行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影,对强化扫描获得的轴位图像利用后处理软件进行VR、MIP、CPR、薄层VR重建,评价冠脉斑块,并对冠脉有否狭窄及狭窄程度进行诊断.结果 ：MSCT冠状动脉检查诊断硬斑块、中间斑块和软斑块分别56支、10支和20支,同时可对冠脉主干的狭窄程度进行评判,本组病例冠状动脉各主干轻度狭窄、中度狭窄和重度狭窄分别为38支、20支及28 支.结论：MSCT冠脉造影检查是一种微创的冠脉检查方法,它不但可以发现粥样斑块,而且能鉴别冠脉斑块的性质,并能显示冠状动脉的狭窄及狭窄程度,是冠状动脉检查的一种比较可靠的检查方法.     

64层螺旋CTA对壁冠状动脉的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对壁冠状动脉的诊断价值。方法:528例可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,回顾性分析VCT确诊的65例壁冠状动脉的CTA表现。结果:65例共83段壁冠状动脉,发生率为12.3%。其中前降支占78%,左旋支占13.5%,右冠状动脉最少,约占8.5%。壁冠状动脉肌桥长度为7~32mm,平均21mm,厚度2~5mm,平均2.6mm。结论:64层螺旋CTA作为一种无创性的检查,在壁冠状动脉的诊断中具有很高的临床应用价值。     

Multislice CT angiography assessment of left coronary artery: correlation between bifurcation angle and dimensions and development of coronary artery disease

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between left coronary bifurcation and dimensional changes and development of coronary artery disease using multislice CT angiography.

Materials and methods

30 patients (18 men, 12 women, mean age, 56 years ± 8) suspected of coronary artery disease undergoing 64- and 256-slice CT angiography were included in the study. Left bifurcation angle and left coronary diameter were measured to determine the relationship between angulation and plaque formation and subsequent dimensional changes.

Results

Plaques were present in the left coronary artery in 22 patients with variable angulations and dimensional changes. The mean bifurcation angle between left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries was measured 89.1° ± 13.1° (range, 55.3°, 134.5°) among all patients. The mean bifurcation angle measured in patients with normal and diseased left coronary artery was 75.5° ± 19.8° (range, 60°, 96.1°), and 94° ± 19.7° (range, 55.3°, 134.5°), respectively, with significant difference between these two groups (p = 0.02). Similarly, there is a significant difference in the mean diameters of left anterior descending and left circumflex between patients with normal and diseased left coronary artery (p < 0.001), which were measured 2.8 ± 0.3 mm (range, 2.2, 3.2 mm) and 2.1 ± 0.4 mm (range, 1.9, 2.9 mm) for the normal left coronary arteries, 4.0 ± 0.8 mm (range, 2.5, 6.1 mm) and 2.9 ± 0.5 mm (range, 1.6, 3.9 mm) for the diseased left coronary arteries, respectively.

Conclusion

There is a direct correlation between left bifurcation angle and dimensional changes and formation of plaques. Multislice CT angiography can be used to provide relevant features of left coronary atherosclerosis.     

胃左动脉参与肝细胞癌供血的双源CT血管成像研究

目的:探讨胃左动脉(LGA)参与肝细胞癌(HCC)供血的影响因素。方法:采用双源CT对91例左叶HCC患者进行血管成像扫描,采用MPR、CPR、MIP、VR等后处理技术重建LGA。分析LGA参与HCC供血与病灶大小、位置、假包膜的完整性及接受经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗的关系。结果:91例患者共计104个HCC病灶,23个病灶有LGA参与供血,发生率为22.1%。23个有LGA参与供血的HCC病灶中,19个为巨块型,4个为结节型,22个突破了肝被膜,17个接受了TACE治疗,23个病例均无完整假包膜。LGA参与供血的形式包括:通过左叶肝动脉供血3个,通过左叶副肝动脉供血5个,直接发出分支进入瘤体15个。结论:LGA是常见的左叶HCC肝外侧支动脉,其发生与肿瘤较大、突破肝被膜、缺乏完整假包膜和接受TACE治疗有关。     

Impact of Non-obstructive left main disease on the progression of coronary artery disease: A PARADIGM substudy

BackgroundThe aim of the study is examine the impact of non-obstructive (<50%stenosis) left main (LM) disease on the natural history of coronary artery disease using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).MethodsCTAs from the PARADIGM (Progression of atherosclerotic plaque determined by computed tomographic angiography imaging) study, a prospective multinational registry of patients who underwent serial CTA at a ≥2 year interval were analyzed. Those without evidence of CAD on their baseline scan were excluded, as were those with obstructive left main disease. Coronary artery vessels and their branches underwent quantification of: plaque volume and composition; diameter stenosis; presence of high-risk plaque.ResultsOf 944 (62 ± 9 years, 60% male) who had evidence of CAD at baseline, 444 (47%) had LM disease. Those with LM disease had a higher baseline plaque volume (194.8 ± 221mm3 versus 72.9 ± 84.3mm3, p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of high-risk plaque (17.5% versus 13%, p < 0.001) than those without LM disease. On multivariable general linear model, patients with LM disease had greater annual rates of progression of total (26.5 ± 31.4mm3/yr versus 14.9 ± 20.1mm3/yr, p < 0.001) and calcified plaque volume (17 ± 24mm3/yr versus 7 ± 11mm3/yr, p < 0.001), with no difference in fibrous, fibrofatty or necrotic core plaque components.ConclusionThe presence of non-obstructive LM disease is associated with greater rates of plaque progression and a higher prevalence of high-risk plaque throughout the entire coronary artery tree compared to CAD without LM involvement. Our data suggests that non-obstructive LM disease may be a marker for an aggressive phenotype of CAD that may benefit from more intensive treatment strategies.     

Shepherd's crook configuration of right coronary artery and anomalous origin of left circumflex artery from right coronary cusp in a middle-aged man—A case report

Shepherd''s crook configuration of the right coronary artery is a course anomaly where the ostium is oriented superiorly with the proximal artery taking an upward turn before resuming its regular path. Although it is classified as an unimportant hemodynamic variation, it is relevant in the context of coronary artery disease due to the technical issues it causes when being treated. The anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery arising as a separate branch from the right coronary cusp is a rare variant and its significance lies in its association with sudden arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Here we report a case of a 58-year-old male patient with an anomalous course of the right coronary artery consistent with Shepherd''s crook configuration and anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the right coronary cusp.     

Specific perfusion pattern in stress 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy of left main coronary artery disease

The usefulness of stress ²⁰¹Tl myocardial scintigraphy for identifying left main coronary artery disease was evaluated with data from 23 patients with 50% or more narrowing of the left main coronary artery and 56 patients with 75% or more narrowing of the major coronary arteries but without left main coronary artery involvement (no left main coronary artery disease). Quantitiative evaluation of stress perfusion scintigrams in all five patients with narrowing of the left main coronary artery of 99% or more showed a characteristic perfusion pattern (left main pattern) of extensive homogeneous defect over the whole anterolateral segment and simultaneous defects in all radii of the high anteroseptal and high posterolateral segments. On the other hand, such a perfusion pattern was noted in only 1 of 18 patients with less than 90% stenosis of the left main coronary artery and in only 1 of 56 patients with no left main coronary artery disease