超声与X线摄影联合应用在乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的：评价超声、X线摄影和两者联合应用对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院经病理证实的81例乳腺癌患者的超声和X线摄影检查结果,并与病理结果进行对照分析。结果超声诊断乳腺癌63例,诊断准确率78％;X线摄影诊断乳腺癌65例,诊断准确率80％;两者联合诊断乳腺癌76例,诊断准确率94％,较两者单独使用诊断准确率明显提高（P＜0．05）。结论超声和X线摄影是筛查和诊断乳腺癌的首选方法,两者具有互补性,联合应用可提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率,降低误漏诊率。     

高频超声诊断肋骨骨折的临床价值

 目的 探讨高频超声诊断肋骨骨折的临床应用价值.方法 采用频率10.0 MHz的超声探头对X线胸片已明确肋骨骨折但临床仍怀疑其它部位肋骨骨折患者48例和X线胸片未检出而临床高度怀疑肋骨骨折患者15例进行检查.结果 63例92处肋骨骨折X线胸片检出59处,漏诊33处,其中22处位于前肋;2例3处X线胸片已检出肋骨骨折,因皮下气肿或皮肤伤口超声未能显示.高频超声肋骨骨折检出率为96.7%.结论 高频超声诊断肋骨骨折具有很重要的临床应用价值,与X线胸片结合能明显提高肋骨骨折的诊断符合率.     

DR检查与传统X线平片检查对肋骨骨折的价值比较

目的：研究传统X线平片以及数字X线摄影（ DR）技术在肋骨骨折患者检测过程中的应用价值。方法取外科及急诊科接收的各类原因致肋骨病例220例为研究对象,随机将其均分为对照组与实验组各110例,其中对照组患者行传统X线平片检测,实验组则接受DR检测,记录两组误诊以及漏诊率并作统计学分析。结果与传统X线平片检测方法相比,DR检测法漏诊与误诊率更低,二者差异显著（ P＜0．05）。结论对于外科患者而言,应用DR系统检测能够降低临床漏诊与误诊率,为临床诊治提供影像学支持,应用价值较高。     

多体位X线摄影与多层螺旋CT在肋骨骨折诊断中的价值

目的：探讨X线多体位摄影与多层螺旋CT扫描在诊断肋骨骨折中的价值。方法：对临床资料完整及影像学诊断证实的98例肋骨骨折进行回顾性分析。结果：胸部X线正位片发现骨折65例（约占66.3%）;正位片未发现骨折,而斜位,切线位和多层螺旋CT发现骨折分别为19例;5例;9例（33.7%）。结论：运用多体位X线摄影与多层螺旋CT扫描可以提高肋骨骨折诊断的准确率。     

肋骨骨折的间接X线征象及其诊断价值

的：探讨肋骨骨折的间接X线征象及其诊断价值。材料与方法：对25例肋骨骨折漏诊病例进行回顾性分析。结果：有12例初诊时即可见肋骨骨折的间接征象：创伤性湿肺、气胸、少量胸腔积（血）液、皮下积气及壁层胸膜外血肿。结论：掌握肋骨骨折的间接X线征象，有助于提高肋骨骨折的检出率。     

DR与X线片在隐匿性骨折诊断中的效果对照分析

目的：分析对比DR与X线片在隐匿性骨折诊断中的应用效果。方法研究对象来自于收治的隐匿性骨折患者98例（112处）,患者均采用相同体位进行X线片与DR摄影。观察对比DR与X线片对本组隐匿性骨折患者的诊断效果。结果 DR对隐匿性骨折的检出率为82.14％,X线片为64.29％,DR的检出率高于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论 DR能量减影对于隐匿性骨折的检出率高于传统X线片,其高品质的数字化影像与图像特点有效保证了骨折诊断的准确性。     

DR双能量减影在肋骨骨折中的诊断价值

目的：总结直接数字平板X线成像系统（digital panel radiography,DR）双能量减影（dual-energy subtraction）技术在胸部肋骨骨折中的诊断价值。方法：对46例患者进行DR双能量减影胸部后前位X线摄影检查,分别获得标准影像、骨组织像和软组织影像;对影像质量进行评价,并比较骨组织像和标准像图像对不同节段肋骨骨折的显示率。结果：46例患者共发现112处肋骨骨折,标准胸片对肋骨后段、腋段和前段骨折的显示率分别为94．1％、82．7％和92．3％,总的显示率为88．4％;而骨组织像对各段肋骨骨折的显示率为97．1％、98．1％和100％,总的显示率为98．2％。χ2=112,P=0．000。结论：双能量减影技术能明显提高肋骨骨折的显示率,在肋骨骨折的诊断中有重要价值。     

DR双能量减影骨组组像对肋骨骨折的诊断价值

目的：探讨数字化X线摄影（digital radiography。DR）中的双能量减影（dual—energy subtraction，DES）所成的骨组织像对诊断肋骨骨折的价值．材料与方法：26例胸部外伤可疑肋骨骨折病例。分别常规DR与双能量减影两种摄影技术拍片检查，统计两种方法对肋骨骨折的检出率；结果：DR双能量减影对于隐匿部位和细小骨折的诊出率高于常规DR。结论：运用双能量减影技术摄影对隐匿部位（重叠和切线位）骨折显示更好，能提高诊断准确率。     

X线摄影和超声检查对早期乳腺癌诊断的价值

目的:探讨单独与联合应用X线乳腺摄影(MMG)及彩色多谱勒超声(US)检查对于早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:收集27例经病理证实的早期乳腺癌(病灶直径≤20mm)病例,回顾性分析经单独采用MMG或US检查以及两者联合应用对于诊断结果的准确程度.结果:X线乳腺摄影及彩色多谱勒超声单项检查对早期乳腺癌的检出率无明显差异(均为85.2%),而联合应用X线乳腺摄影及超声检查对早期乳腺癌的检出率(92.6%)明显优于单项检查的检出率(85.2%),两者检出率的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:X线乳腺摄影和彩色多谱勒超声联合检查综合诊断可明显降低早期乳腺癌的漏诊率.     

肋骨骨折首次-X线平片检查漏诊原因分析

目的：进一步提高肋骨骨折X线平片首次检出率。方法：对我院近年来428例肋骨骨折的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：428例肋骨骨折中，首次X线平片未发现肋骨骨折22例，占5．14％；多发性肋骨骨折的患者，误诊或漏诊发现部分肋骨骨折29例，占6．7％；两者共50例，占11．8％。首次X线平片检查未发现、误诊或漏诊肋骨骨折的病例，大部分为定位、选择检查部位不当；少部分则因病情重、投照体位及其它X线征象掩盖所致。结论：根据患者的症状，确定检查的部位，摆放适当的体位，选择合适的投照条件，可以将肋骨骨折的漏诊率减少到最低限度。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.