抗CD-40L单抗加小剂量、短程CsA对肝移植大鼠生存期和Th1/Th2平衡偏移的影响

目的 采用抗CD-40L单抗加小剂量CsA的联合免疫治疗,观察其对大鼠肝移植受体生存时间和Th1/Th2细胞因子谱变化的影响.方法 在建立稳定大鼠肝移植模型的基础上,将整个实验分为4组.A组(同基因对照组):SD→SD;B组(同种异体基因免疫排斥组):SD→Wistar,不用任何治疗措施;C组:SD→Wistar,CsA应用d1～d5;D组:SD→Wistar,CsA应用d1～d5加抗CD-40L(CD-154)单抗应用d0、d2.观察各组大鼠肝移植受体生存时间,移植后第7天用ELISA法检测外周血细胞因子水平.结果 A组、D组受体大鼠均可长期存活,B组生存时间仅为(13.8±2.4)d.IL-2、IFN-γ在B组的血清水平显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05),TNF-α在B组的表达水平高于不同免疫抑制组,但差异无显著统计学意义.IL-4、IL10较A组均有所增加,尤其D组的IL-10表达水平较B组显著增高(P＜0.05).结论 抗CD-40L单抗加小剂量CsA(伴或不伴DSBT)联合免疫治疗,可有效延长大鼠肝移植受体的生存时间,Th2类细胞因子的高水平表达与诱导移植耐受、抑制排斥反应有重要关联,有助于大鼠肝移植受体和移植肝的长期存活.     

联合免疫治疗对肝移植大鼠移植肝组织学和外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响

目的用抗CD-40L单抗加小剂量CsA联合免疫治疗肝移植大鼠受体,观察其生存时间?移植肝组织学和Th1/Th2细胞因子谱的变化。方法建立大鼠肝移植模型后,将动物随机分为4组。A组为同基因移植组,SD→SD;B组为同种异体移植组,SD→Wistar,不用任何免疫抑制治疗措施;C组,SD→Wistar,采用CsA处理;D组,SD→Wistar,采用CsA加抗CD-40L(CD-154)单抗处理。观察各组肝移植受体生存期和移植肝病理变化;用ELISA法检测外周血细胞因子水平。结果A,D组均可长期存活,B,C组生存时间分别为(13.8±2.4)d,(29.8±4.1)d;B,C组病理组织切片见中/重度急性排斥反应,D组移植肝组织损伤程度显著减轻,A组基本无排斥反应。B组血清IL-2和IFN-γ高于其余各组(P<0.05),C,D组IL-4,IL-10水平较B组有所升高(但P>0.05),尤其D组IL-10表达水平显著高于B组(P<0.05)。结论联合免疫治疗可有效抑制其急性排斥反应,延长大鼠肝移植受体的生存时间。Th2类细胞因子IL-4和IL-10的高水平表达与诱导移植耐受、抑制排斥反应有重要关系,它有助于大鼠肝移植受体和移植肝的长期存活。     

应用肝移植供体脾淋巴细胞预防受体鼠肝癌复发的研究

目的 探讨肝癌肝移植后应用活化供体脾脏来源的淋巴细胞,对受体实施过继性免疫治疗以预防肝癌复发的可行性.方法 以培养黏附法体外分离培养Wistar大鼠骨髓树突状细胞(DCs)前体细胞,经诱导后与Wistar大鼠肝癌细胞CBRH-7919裂解物抗原共同孵育,形成负载癌抗原的DCs.以此DCs分别诱导受体(Wistar大鼠)、供体(SD大鼠)来源的脾淋巴细胞作为两个实验组C(受体活化组)、D(供体活化组),以未经抗原诱导的受、供体脾淋巴细胞作为对照组A(受体对照组)、B(供体对照组).对比活化、非活化以及供体来源、受体来源的脾淋巴细胞在体外对受体肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性.以上述不同来源和处理的脾淋巴细胞对SD→Wistar大鼠肝移植后肿瘤复发模型行过继性免疫治疗,以盐水治疗作为对照组E,每组6只大鼠,观察各组免疫治疗对于肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞、受体肝脏成瘤率和供肝的排斥反应的影响.结果 DCs诱导脾细胞过程中,培养上清液γ干扰素(IFN-γ)分泌C、D组较A、B组有明显的升高.C、D组对肝癌细胞的杀伤活性较A、B组显著增强,D组较C组显著增强.D组脾细胞回输体内后,在移植后大鼠体内观察到了肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞增多,肿瘤组织坏死和成瘤率下降.免疫治疗前后供肝未见严重排斥反应发生.结论 活化的供体脾细胞较受体脾细胞有更强的肿瘤杀伤效果.应用供体脾淋巴细胞对肝移植受体进行过继性免疫治疗可以在不增加对移植肝排斥反应的同时,为预防肝癌肝移植术后复发、延长生存提供一种可能的方法.     

不同品系大鼠之间原位肝移植的实验观察

目的　探讨不同品系大鼠之间原位肝移植耐受或排斥关系。方法　采用KamadaN等双袖套法进行原位肝移植 ;采用OnoK等改良腹腔内吻合法进行异位心脏移植。结果　Wistar→SD、SD→Wistar以及SD→DA大鼠原位肝移植 ,受体鼠存活均超过 180d ;同种组合方式的异位心脏移植供心平均存活 6.3d。给原位肝移植受体大鼠再移植供体源心脏 ,移植心脏存活均超过 15 0d。给原位肝移植受体大鼠再移植第 3品系大鼠心脏 ,移植心脏平均存活 6.8d。结论　Wistar→SD、SD→Wistar以及SD→DA大鼠的移植组合是分离耐受关系。     

细胞因子在心脏移植急性排斥反应中的表达及其作用机理

目的观察同种大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应中,局部细胞因子网络的变化及其机理.方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠(受体)和SD大鼠各48只,将接受移植心脏的Wistar大鼠分4组,每组12只.A组对照组;B组抗白介素2单克隆抗体(IL-2Mab)组;C组环孢菌素A(CsA)组;D组IL-2Mab加CsA组.4组大鼠分别静脉给予生理盐水、抗白介素2单克隆抗体及口服CsA、静脉给予抗白介素2单克隆抗体加口服CsA,采用改良的移植术式建立移植模型.常规监测排斥反应发生情况.应用RT-PCR的方法于术后第1、3、5、7、9、11、14天动态检测移植物局部细胞因子IL-1β、IL-2、CD25、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10、TNFα、IFNγ的表达水平.结果移植心脏存活时间,A组为(8.3±1.7)d;B组为(29.2±7.1)d;C组为(26.4±5.7)d;D组为(55.0±11.6)d.B、C、D组移植心脏存活时间显著延长,与A组相比,差异有极显著性意义(P＜0.01).存活时间较长的移植心脏的淋巴细胞浸润和心肌坏死的程度比存活时间较短的心脏明显减轻.IL-1β的表达在各组均较高;IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10的表达水平在移植心脏存活时间较长的组较高;而IL-2、CD25、IFN-γ、TNFα的表达则相对较低;4组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论细胞因子网络在心脏移植排斥反应中发生了相应的变化,并与干预的因素及移植物存活时间有密切的关系.IL-2Mab、CsA联合用药促使TH1类细胞因子向TH2类细胞因子整体偏离,这种免疫偏离使移植心脏存活时间显著延长.     

转Fas配体基因的树突状细胞在诱导大鼠肝移植免疫耐受中的作用

目的 探讨受者体内注射转FasL基因垢树突状细胞（DC）诱导大鼠肝移植免疫耐受的作用机制。方法 建立SD大鼠→Wistar大鼠肝移植模型。分别于术前5d给受者腹腔注射转染多药耐药基因（mdr1)的DC细胞或转染FasL基因的DC细胞,并设空白对照组和环孢素A（CsA)对照组。术后3d和7d测定移植肝功能,册时以半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测移植肝组织中Fas,Fas配体（FasL)及白细胞介素12（IL-12）,并观察受鼠的存活时间。结果 空白对照组的大鼠术后9-15d全部死亡,CsA治疗组及转FasL基因治疗组;空白对照组及转mdr1基因治疗组的FasL及IL-12表达增高,而CsA治疗组及转FasL基因治疗组的FasL及IL-12呈不表达或低表达。结论 转染FasL基因的DC细胞能有效地诱导大鼠肝移植免疫耐受,其机理可能与诱导了肝脏内浸润淋巴细胞凋亡及抑制IL-2的表达有关。     

粉防己碱和环孢素A在大鼠心脏移植中的协同作用

目的 研究粉防己碱(Tetrandrine,Tet)和低剂量环孢素A(CsA)联合使用对同种异基因大鼠移植心脏存活时间的影响.方法 分别以近交系雄性Lewis(RT11)大鼠和BN(RT1n)大鼠为供、受者,将接受心脏移植后的BN大鼠随机分为5组,术后开始连续每天腹腔注射给药.A组:给予生理盐水1 ml/d;B组:给予CsA 3.2 mg·kg-1·d-1;C组:给予Tet 40 mg·kg-1·d-1;D组:给予Tet 40 mg·kg-1·d-1和CsA 3.2 mg·kg-1·d-1;E组:给予CsA 6 mg·kg-1·d-1.观察移植心存活时间并进行病理检查,测定受者外周血CD3+CD25+ T淋巴细胞数量、体外单向混合淋巴细胞反应以及受者血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)浓度等.结果 A、B、C、D、E组大鼠的移植心平均存活分别为(7.2±0.45)d、(10.8±1.48)d、(9±1.0)d、(15.6±3.05)d和(15.2±2.28)d,D、E组移植心存活时间比A组显著延长(P＜0.05),术后6 d D组外周血CD3+CD25+ T淋巴细胞数量、单向混合淋巴细胞反应刺激指数、血清 IL-2浓度较A组显著降低(P＜0.05),D组移植心排斥反应程度最轻.结论 Tet和低剂量CsA联合应用能显著延长同种异基因大鼠移植心的存活时间,其机理可能与抑制反应性T淋巴细胞活化以及抑制外周血清IL-2产生等有关.     

术中输注供体脾细胞联合术后延迟使用小剂量他克莫司诱导同种异基因大鼠心脏移植免疫耐受

目的观察移植术中经受体门静脉输注供体特异性脾细胞联合术后延迟使用小剂量他克莫司（FK506）对诱导大鼠同种心脏移植免疫耐受的作用。方法将Wistar大鼠和SD大鼠分为7组,A组至F组分别采用Wistar大鼠和SD大鼠作为供、受体,G组为SD→SD大鼠同基因移植对照。其中A组无任何处理,B组输注供体特异性脾细胞,C组与D组分别早期应用和延迟应用FK506[0.5 mg/（kg.d）],E组与F组既术中经门静脉输注供体脾细胞,又分别早期或延迟应用FK506。采用改良大鼠腹腔异位心脏移植。观察期为术后100 d,观察移植心存活时间及其病理变化。结果 G组移植心均长期存活（100 d）。A~F组存活时间分别为（7.4±0.9）d、（22.1±3.6）d、（8.0±0.8）d、（7.9±1.3）d、（24.4±4.5）d、（95.5±6.0）d。F组7/8移植心长期存活。C组、D组的移植心存活时间与A组比较差异无统计学意义（均为P〉0.05）。与A组比较,B组、E组与F组的移植心存活时间明显延长（P〈0.05~P〈0.01）。而F组移植心存活时间又明显长于B组与E组。病理检查G组移植心心肌未见排斥反应。A组移植心术后9 d表现为3~4级排斥反应,F组存活时间达100 d的大鼠移植心未见排斥反应。结论术中经受体门静脉输注供体脾细胞联合延迟使用小剂量FK506使同种异基因大鼠在移植后早期免疫系统激活后再被抑制,有利于诱导同种移植免疫耐受。     

不同品系大鼠之间肝移植排斥反应的比较研究

目的 比较不同品系大鼠之间肝移植排斥反应特点。 方法 依据大鼠不同品系分成对照组SD→SD(A组),实验组Wistar→SD(B组)、Lewis→BN(C组)以及DA→Lewis(D组)4个组,采用Kamada双袖套法建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。比较各组受体大鼠术后10 d血清肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TB)和白蛋白(Alb)]、血清白细胞介素(IL)-2和IL-10水平、急性排斥反应组织病理学分级和术后平均生存时间。 结果 与A、B组比较,C组和D组的血清ALT和TB明显升高,Alb明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。与C组比较,D组的TB明显升高,Alb明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。与A组比较,B、C、D组大鼠血清IL-2和IL-10水平均明显升高,C组和D组的IL-2/IL-10亦明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。与B组比较,C组和D组大鼠血清IL-2水平明显升高,D组的IL-2/IL-10亦明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。与C组比较,D组大鼠血清IL-2水平明显升高,D组的IL-2/IL-10亦明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。肝组织病理学检查显示,A组大鼠肝组织未见明显排斥反应,排斥活动性指数(RAI)评分(1.8±0.7)分;B组RAI评分(3.1±1.3)分,属轻度或不明确性排斥反应;C组RAI评分(6.9±0.8)分,属中~重度排斥反应;D组RAI评分(8.8±0.5)分,属重度排斥反应。各组间RAI评分比较以及组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。A组、B组、C组、D组受体大鼠术后平均生存时间分别为(119.3±1.9)d、(116.9±8.3)d、(53.4±6.1)d、(12.1±2.4)d,A组与B组的生存时间比较差异无统计学意义,余各组两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。 结论 4种组合中,大鼠DA→Lewis模型排斥反应最剧烈,Lewis→BN次之,而Wistar→SD最轻,接近于免疫耐受。     

锌指蛋白A20促进同种异体大鼠小体积移植肝再生并抑制急性排斥

目的 探讨锌指蛋白A20对同种异体大鼠30%小体积移植肝再生与排斥及受体存活时间的影响.方法 采用急性排斥组合DA (RT1a)大鼠→Lewis (RT1l)大鼠建立同种异体大鼠30%小体积肝移植模型. 75只大鼠均分为A20腺病毒组(A20组)、对照空腺病毒组(rAdEasy组)及对照生理盐水组(PS组)3组. 供肝切取后采用离体门静脉灌注法转基因干预,肝脏灌洗后移植. 观察受体存活时间及排斥反应,检测移植肝A20表达、肝细胞再生与凋亡、肝血窦内皮细胞(LSECs)中NF-κB活性与ICAM-1 mRNA表达、移植肝浸润单核细胞(LIMCs)总数及自然杀伤(NK)细胞和自然杀伤T(NKT)细胞数以及血清IFN-γ水平. 结果 A20组受体大鼠存活时间长于PS组大鼠和rAdEasy组大鼠(P=0.001 8),而PS组大鼠存活时间又长于rAdEasy组大鼠(P=0.001 8). A20促进小体积移植肝再生,肝移植后4 d A20组大鼠肝细胞BrdU标记指数高于PS组大鼠和rAdEasy组大鼠(P＜0.01); A20组大鼠肝细胞凋亡指数低于PS组大鼠和rAdEasy组大鼠(P＜0.01). 肝移植术后4 d,组织学检测结果显示A20组大鼠移植肝有少量细胞浸润,呈轻度排斥; 而PS 组和rAdEasy组大鼠移植肝有大量细胞浸润,呈重度排斥. A20能抑制移植后早期(1 d) LSECs 中NF-κB活性和 ICAM-1 mRNA 表达. 流式细胞术检测结果显示A20能下调移植肝LIMCs数,包括下调NK和NKT 亚群细胞数,并下调血清IFN-γ水平(P＜0.05). 结论 A20能有效促进同种异体大鼠30%小体积移植肝再生,抑制排斥并延长受体存活时间,其功效可能与抑制LSECs中NF-κB活性、抑制LIMCs浸润及减少NK 细胞和NKT 细胞浸润入肝以及抑制肝细胞凋亡有关.     

基因转移CTLA4-Ig和抗CD154抗体在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用

目的 探讨基因转移细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原4免疫球蛋白(CTLA4-Ig)和抗T细胞分化群154(CD154)抗体在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用及机理.方法 建立人-大鼠异种胰岛移植模型,用携带CTLA4-Ig基因的重组腺病毒感染移植胰岛细胞,并用抗CD154抗体进行治疗,观察糖尿病大鼠胰岛移植后血糖变化、生存情况及移植物病理形态学改变,检测移植物CTLA4-Ig、胰岛素的表达和移植大鼠白细胞介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的水平变化.结果 (1)糖尿病大鼠移植后2 d血糖降至正常,对照组血糖平均在移植后8 d升高,抗体治疗组、转染组和联合治疗组血糖分别在18、25和36 d升高.(2)对照组、抗体治疗组、转染组和联合治疗组的移植物存活时间分别为(10.0±2.1)d、(22.0±8.2)d、(28.0±6.5)d和(37.0±9.3)d,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);移植大鼠生存时间分别为(21.0±5.7)d、(35.0±6.5)d、(48.0±8.5)d和(65.0 ±12.5)d,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)对照组在移植后1周内,IL-2、TNF-α的水平均急剧上升,较移植前显著升高(P＜0.01).(4)各治疗组移植物见成片的胰岛细胞团,未见淋巴细胞浸润,转染组和联合治疗组移植物可见CTLA4-Ig和胰岛素的表达.结论 基因转移CTLA4-Ig和抗CD154抗体均可抑制异种胰岛移植排斥反应,二者联合效果优于单独使用.     

Additive immunosuppressive effect of hydroxycamptothecin and cyclosporine on rejection of heart transplantation in rats

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to study the inhibitory effects of hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and cyclosporine (CsA) on heart transplantation rejection in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inbred SD rats were used as donors and inbred Wistar rats as recipients. Cervical heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in 40 rats: group A received placebo; group B, HCPT; group C, CsA; group D, HCPT+CsA. RESULTS: The mean survival time was prolonged in group D with 5 grafts beating at more than 730 days. CONCLUSION: HCPT combined with CsA prevented acute rejection of allogeneic heart transplantations in rats, significantly prolonging graft mean survival time.     

Tolerance of rat liver allografts induced by short-term selective immunosuppression combining monoclonal antibodies directed against CD25 and CD54 with subtherapeutic cyclosporine

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to develop and evaluate protocols for selective immunosuppression after liver transplantation using the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) NDS-61, directed against the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), and 1A29, directed against the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54), in combination with subtherapeutic cyclosporine (CsA). METHODS: Orthotopic rat liver transplantation (ORLT) was performed in a DA-to-LEW strain combination. Immunosuppression was administered from day 0 to +13. Functional parameters such as survival time, body weight, and serum bilirubin levels were measured and the liver grafts were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: A stepwise tapering of CsA from 3 to 0.25 mg/kg/day reduced the long-term survival rate. All animals died at a CsA dosage of 0.25 mg/kg/day, which was therefore defined as subtherapeutic. Monotherapy with the anti-CD25 mAb was performed at dosages of 600 and 1800 microg/kg/day. The lower mAb dosage resulted in a long-term survival rate of 12% and was defined as subtherapeutic. The combination therapy of CsA (0.25 mg/kg/day) and anti-CD25 mAb (600 microg/kg/day) produced a synergistic effect and led to a long-term survival rate of 84%. This survival rate was significantly higher than those after either CsA (P<0.005) or anti-CD25 mAb (P<0.001) monotherapy. Both dosages (10 and 30 microg/kg/day) of anti-CD54 mAb monotherapy as well as anti-CD54 mAb combined with a subtherapeutic dosage of CsA were ineffective in preventing acute allograft rejection. The addition of anti-CD54 mAb (30 microg/kg/day) to combined CsA plus anti-CD25 mAb therapy (triple therapy), however, increased the long-term survival rate to 100%. In the triple therapy group there was no rejection process in the liver allografts at any time, and donor-specific tolerance could be shown by donor-specific and third-party heterotopic heart transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The synergistic action of subtherapeutic CsA plus anti-CD25 mAb NDS-60 could be demonstrated, whereas anti-CD54 mAb only had a positive effect in a triple therapy group. Triple therapy prevented both acute and chronic rejection and induced donor-specific tolerance.     

Blockade of the PD-1/PD-1L pathway reverses the protective effect of anti-CD40L therapy in a rat to mouse concordant islet xenotransplantation model

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that costimulatory blockade with anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) prolongs the survival of non-vascularized concordant rat to mouse islet xenografts. Here, we examine whether signaling through the PD-1/PD-1L pathway is required for the anti-CD40L therapy to prolong concordant islet graft survival using a novel anti-murine PD-1 mAb (clone 4F10). METHODS: C57BL/6 mice received a cellular concordant islet xenograft under the left kidney capsule and four experimental groups were prepared. Group I: untreated control; group II: recipient mice were treated with three doses of 0.5 mg of anti-CD40L mAb (clone MR1) on days 0, 2 and 4; group III: mice were treated with 0.5 mg of anti-PD-1 (CD279) mAb (clone 4F10) every other day for 8 days; and finally group IV: mice received the combined treatment that consisted of anti-CD40L plus anti-PD-1 mAb. RESULTS: Concordant islet xenografts transplanted in control untreated mice showed a median survival time (MST) of 17 +/- 7.43 days, whereas anti-CD40L treatment led to a significant prolongation of graft survival (MST: 154 +/- 65.56, P < 0.0001). The administration of anti-PD-1 alone significantly accelerated graft rejection compared to non-treated controls (MST: 10 +/- 2.24 vs. MST: 17 +/- 7.43, P < 0.0004). Remarkably, the combined administration of anti-CD40L and anti-PD-1 reversed the protective effect obtained with anti-CD40L alone (anti-CD40L, MST: 154 +/- 65.56 vs. anti-CD40L plus anti-PD-1, MST: 10 +/- 7.72, P < 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Overall, our data indicate that the PD-1/PD-1L pathway is required for the achievement of prolonged graft survival in anti-CD40L-treated mice in a setting of rat to mouse concordant islet xenotransplantation.     

抑制趋化因子受体CCR5减轻小鼠同种异体移植心脏急性排斥反应的研究

目的 研究抑制趋化因子受体CCR5减轻小鼠同种异体移植心脏急性排斥反应的作用机制.方法 采用小鼠颈部心脏移植模型,将96只小鼠用随机数字表法分为4组,每组24只,供、受者各12只,A组术后给予anti-CCR5 mAb和CsA,B组术后给予anti-CCR5 mAb,C组术后给予CsA,D组为对照组,术后给予生理盐水.于术后第7d取各组移植心组织6例,检测CCR5及IL-2和IL-10的表达差异,其余6例用于观察移植心脏存活时间.结果 A、B、C组小鼠移植心脏存活时间明显延长,其CCR5及IL-2的表达较D组明显减少,IL-10的表达明显增加.结论 抑制趋化因子受体CCR5对同种异体移植心脏有明显的保护作用,可能与细胞因子的表达有关.     

二十碳五烯酸对小鼠心脏移植慢性排斥反应的影响

目的 观察二十碳五烯酸(EPA)对于慢性排斥反应的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 建立近交系BALB/C(H-2d)至C57BL/6(H-2b)小鼠心脏腹腔异位移植模型,通过腹腔注射单克隆CD4抗体及CD40L抗体建立慢性排斥反应模型.设立对照组(NS)、慢排组(术后0、1、5、10 d腹腔注射抗CD4单克隆抗体100μg/d,术后0、2、4 d腹腔注射抗CD40L单克隆抗体200 μg/d)和EPA组[在慢排组的基础上EPA 100 mg/(kg·d)灌胃].术后60 d,EVG染色了解血管病变.利用Real-Time聚合酶链反应(PGR)检测各组移植物慢排相关细胞因子转化生长因子(TGF)-β、白细胞介素(IL)-17的mRNA水平,组织化学研究EPA作用受体PPARy的表达以及TGF-β通路重要分子Smad3活化情况.结果 利用CD4抗体及CD40L抗体成功建立慢性排斥反应模型,出现典型的血管病变.联合利用EPA明显减轻血管狭窄[闭塞(18±3)%比(59±7)%,P＜0.05]、并下调局部TGF-β、IL-17表达(TGF-β:12.0±2.5比4.0±0.9;IL-17:0.60±0.09比0.10±0.02;P＜0.05).同时上调PPARγ的表达[(25±7)比(2±0.5)个/高倍视野;P＜0.05],并抑制Smad3的磷酸化[(30±5)比(10±3)个/高倍视野;P＜0.05].结论 EPA可以激活和上调供心PPARγ的表达,明显减轻慢性排斥反应血管病变.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the anti-chronic rejection effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a mouse fully mismatched cardiac transplantation model and the possible mechanism.Methods Heterotopic heart transplantation of male BALB/C(H-2d) mouse to C57BL/6(H-2b) mouse were performed.24 recipients were divided into 3 groups at random:group A ( treated with saline as control,n =8) ;group B recipients were treated with anti-CD40L mAb (200 μg intraperitoneally infusion on the day 0,2 and 4) and CD4 mAb (100μg intraperitoneally infusion on the day 0,1,5 and 10) ;GroupC (CD4 & CD40L mAb combined with EPA by gavage).The cardiac grafts were harvested on the 60th day after transplantation with HE&EVG stained.Real-Time polymerase chain reactio (PCR) was used to detect the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),interleukin (IL)-17 mRNA,immunohistochemistry were used to detect the PPARγ and P-Smad3 protein expression respectively in cardiacgrafts from group B and C.Results Combined treatment with anti-CD40L mAb and anti-CD4 mAb resulted in significant prolongation of cardiac allografts survival but ultimately did not prevent the progression of chronic rejection,which showed transplant arteriosclerosis and in terstitial fibrosis.The combination of EPA reserved arterial intimal thickening and delay the process of cardiac allograft vasculopathy [Vascular occlusion rate (18 ± 3 )% vs (59 ±7) %;P ＜0.05].Real Time PCR revealed that IL-17 and TGF-β mRNA was expressed less in grafts from group C than group B (TGF-β:4.0 ±0.9 vs 12.0 ±2.5 ;IL-17:0.10 ±0.02 vs 0.60 ±0.09;P＜0.05).The cells in graft that express PPARγ protein was more in group C than from group B [( 25.0 ± 7.0) vs (2.0 ± 0.5 )/PHF ;P＜0.05],reversely the P-Smad3 protein [( 10 ± 3 ) vs ( 30 ± 5 )/PHF;P＜0.05].Conclusion The administration of EPA can inhibit the chronic rejection and reserve arterial intimal thickerring through PPAR-gamma agonist.     

Critical Role for CD8+ T Cells in Allograft Acceptance Induced by DST and CD40/CD154 Costimulatory Blockade

Donor-specific transfusion (DST) and CD40/CD154 costimulation blockade is a powerful immunosuppressive strategy which prolongs survival of many allografts. The efficacy of DST and anti-CD154 mAb for prolongation of hepatocellular allograft survival was only realized in C57BL/6 mice that have both CD4- and CD8-dependent pathways available (median survival time, MST, 82 days). Hepatocyte rejection in CD8 KO mice which is CD4-dependent was not suppressed by DST and anti-CD154 mAb treatment (MST, 7 days); unexpectedly DST abrogated the beneficial effects of anti-CD154 mAb for suppression of hepatocyte rejection (MST, 42 days) and on donor-reactive alloantibody production. Hepatocyte rejection in CD4 KO mice which is CD8-dependent was suppressed by treatment with DST and anti-CD154 mAb therapy (MST, 35 days) but did not differ significantly from immunotherapy with anti-CD154 mAb alone (MST, 32 days). Induction of hepatocellular allograft acceptance by DST and anti-CD154 mAb immunotherapy was dependent on host CD8(+) T cells, as demonstrated by CD8 depletion studies in C57BL/6 mice (MST, 14 days) and CD8 reconstitution of CD8 KO mice (MST, 56 days). These studies demonstrate that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets contribute to induction of hepatocellular allograft acceptance by this immunotherapeutic strategy.     

Marked inhibition of transplant vascular sclerosis by in vivo-mobilized donor dendritic cells and anti-CD154 mAb

BACKGROUND: Combination of donor dendritic cells (DC) and anti-CD40 Ligand (L) (CD154) monoclonal antibody (mAb) markedly prolongs heart or skin allograft survival, but the influence of this strategy in models of chronic rejection is unknown. Our aim was to ascertain the influence of in vivo-mobilized immature donor DC plus anti-CD40L mAb on vascular sclerosis in functional murine aortic allografts. METHODS: C3H He/J (C3H;H2k) mice received 2 x 106 freshly isolated, immunobead-purified (>90%) fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-mobilized C57BL/10 (B10;H2b) CD11c+ DC intravenously (IV), together with 500 microg of anti-CD40L mAb (MR1) intraperitoneally (IP) on days -7, 0, 4, and 10. Controls received either no donor cells, no mAb, or were untreated. B10 aortic grafts were transplanted in the abdominal aorta on day 0. At day 30, antidonor T-cell proliferative and cytotoxic responses and both complement fixing and immunoglobulin (Ig)G alloantibody levels were determined. Grafts were harvested on days 30 and 60 and examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DC infusion alone enhanced ex vivo antidonor proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell activity. By contrast, complement-fixing alloantibody levels were reduced. Anti-CD40L mAb alone strongly suppressed each of these responses. Graft inflammatory cell infiltration, intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation, fibrosis, and elastic lamina disruption observed in untreated animals were reduced in response to anti-CD40L mAb or donor DC alone. Antidonor immune reactivity, including IgG levels, and intimal proliferation were all markedly suppressed to an overall greater extent in mice given both treatments. CONCLUSION: Whereas blockade of the CD40-CD40L pathway ameliorated transplant vasculopathy, preservation of near-normal vessel architecture was achieved by simultaneous administration of donor DC. This strategy represents a novel application of DC for suppression of chronic rejection.     

雷公藤多甙抗大鼠原位肝移植急性排斥反应研究

目的 探讨雷公藤多甙的免疫抑制作用,以及其诱导免疫耐受作用.方法 该实验应用肝移植120只SD大鼠,分为四组:对照组(A组),TⅡ组(B组),CsA组(C组),TⅡ+CsA组(D 组).分别于术后1、3、5、7、14 d检测外周血的IL-2R的含量和脾脏淋巴细胞IL-2、IL-10的活性表达及脾脏组织CD4+、CD25+、CD8+、CD28+的蛋白表达.结果 三组治疗组的IL-2活性和IL-2R含量均明显低于对照组,三组治疗组间的比较是D组低于B、C组;三组治疗组的1L-10活性明显高于对照组,三组治疗组也有显著差异,即D组高于C组,C组高于B组,上述均有统计学意义(P<0.05).三组治疗组的CD4+、CD25+、CD8+、CD28+的蛋白活性表达均高于对照组,而CD28+的蛋白活性表达却相反.三组治疗组间的CD4+、CD28+的比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 雷公藤多甙不但具有免疫抑制作用,而且还能够诱导一定程度的免疫耐受.