‘If I don’t look good,it just doesn’t go up’: A qualitative study of young women’s drinking cultures and practices on Social Network Sites

BackgroundYoung women in the UK often partake in a culture of intoxication in the pursuit of pleasure and friendship fun. Experiences of intoxication and drinking spaces remain highly gendered, and relative to men, women continue to find their behaviours in drinking spaces more constrained and scrutinised. Simultaneously, young women now express themselves via Social Network Sites (SNS), where they display drinking experiences and where they perform, negotiate and display contemporary femininities.MethodsThe research explored young women’s experiences of drinking and intoxication, the use of SNS in their drinking cultures and the display of drinking practices on SNS through group interviews (n = 12) with women (n = 37) aged 16–21 from one city in the North-West of England, UK.ResultsThe practice of uploading drinking photographs to SNS played an important role in displaying young women’s popularity, enhancing friendship fun and belonging, and in positioning the hyper-sexual feminine look as the norm in drinking spaces. Both intoxication and the hyper-sexual and feminine look challenged traditional notions of respectable femininity, while the highly groomed feminine look itself was threatened by drunkenness. As such, young women invested much work and effort in self-surveillance and in managing the display of their drinking behaviours on SNS.ConclusionThe dilemmas in contemporary femininity created by the juxtaposition of hyper-sexual femininity and the culture of intoxication are reproduced on SNS. Controlling and restricting certain content on SNS with the aim of achieving the ‘right’ feminine self-presentation resulted in a narrowly set of body oriented and behavioural feminine attributes being presented as the norm, and an overly positive online representation of young women’s drinking experiences.     

Is ‘comfort’ care a ‘medical’ care? Observations on a neonatal population

The developments of science and medical technology have contributed to the survival of an increasing number of critically ill newborns. However, when the impossibility of survival becomes apparent, a new risk emerges: that of abandoning the patient. Infants diagnosed with congenital lethal conditions or terminally ill do not longer benefit traditional intensive care, therefore a different plan of medical care is warranted. A novel and personalized management for this population, defined ??comfort care??, is proposed. This paper offers some relevant observations arising from a 3-year experience of comfort care management in a tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, through clinical cases.     

‘围城’

今年以来,关于药店的话题最热的有两个:放开药店审批和平价药店。而这两个热点之间显而易见地存在着必然的因果关联。 自去年底,各地相继解冻了“封停”两、三年的零售药店开办申请,并进一步取消距离限制,药店急剧增长的势头让业外人都咋舌惊叹。有人统计,自去年放开药店经营审批以来,广东新开药店3077家;而江苏在半年内净增药店     

"So I can't blame the booze?": Dispositional aggressivity negates the moderating effects of expectancies on alcohol-related aggression

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alcohol expectancies on intoxicated aggression in men and women while controlling for dispositional aggressivity. METHOD: Subjects were 328 (163 men and 165 women) healthy social drinkers between 21 and 35 years of age. Alcohol expectancies were measured using items from a variety of validated self-report inventories. Following the consumption of either an alcohol or a placebo beverage, subjects were tested on a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, in which mild electric shocks were received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Aggressive behavior was operationalized as the shock intensities administered to the fictitious opponent under conditions of low and high provocation. RESULTS: On their own, alcohol expectancies played a limited role in impacting aggressive behavior. Specifically, alcohol expectancies were significantly related to aggression for men who received the placebo beverage under low provocation and for men who received alcohol under high provocation. A significant main effect of alcohol expectancies was also detected. However, all of these effects were rendered nonsignificant when controlling for dispositional aggressivity. It is important to note that the main effect for beverage group remained significant after controlling for dispositional aggressivity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken as a whole, this pattern of findings suggests that intoxicated aggression is primarily the result of alcohol's pharmacological properties in conjunction with an aggressive personality.