Studies on the neuropharmacological aspects of Pluchea indica root extract

Neuropharmacological studies were conducted in rodents with Pluchea indica Less root extract. On investigation with different experimental models it was found that the extract produced alteration of behaviour pattern, reduction in spontaneous motility, prolongation of pentobarbitone-induced sleep, suppression of aggressive behaviour pattern and of the conditioned avoidance response. The observations suggest that the root extract of P. indica possesses a potent central nervous system depressant action.     

Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats

The methanol fraction of M. oleifera leaf extract was found to possess significant protective actions in acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin induced gastric lesions in experimental rats. A significant enhancement of the healing process in acetic acid—induced chronic gastric lesions was also observed with the extract-treated animals.     

Hepatoprotective effects of Pluchea indica (less) extract in experimental acute liver damage in rodents

The methanol fraction of the extract of Pluchea indica roots exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against experimentally induced hepatotoxicity by carbon tetrachloride in rats and mice. The extract caused significant reduction of the elevated serum enzyme levels (AST, ALT, LDH and serum alkaline phosphatase) and serum bilirubin content in acute liver injury. A significant increase of reduced serum total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio was also observed on extract treatment. The extract significantly reduced the prolonged pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time and also caused a significant reduction of plasma prothrombin time in comparison with CCl₄-treated animals. The extract caused significant reduction of the increased bromosulphalein retention by CCl₄-treatment. These findings are suggestive of a potent hepatoprotective effect of the extract under investigation.     

Antioxidant activity of the methanol fraction of Pluchea indica root extract

Studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of the methanol fraction of Pluchea indica Less root extract (PIRE), the dual inhibitors (BW 755C and phenidone) and vitamin on both in vivo and in vitro free radical-scavenging activities, CCl(4)-induced lipid peroxidation and the metabolism of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase. PIRE produced significant antiinflammatory activity against glucose oxidase-induced paw oedema (in vivo), inhibited hydroxyl radical and superoxide generation, lysis of erythrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide, CCl(4)-induced lipid peroxidation and also dioxygenase activity of lipoxygenase (both in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide). Significantly higher free radical-scavenging activity was observed with BW 755C and phenidone compared with PIRE. However, both BW 755C and phenidone stimulated hydroxyl radical generation compared with the observed inhibitory effects of PIRE and vitamin E.     

Action of Pluchea indica methanol extract as a dual inhibitor on PAF-induced paw oedema and gastric damage

The effect of the methanol fraction of Pluchea indica (P. indica) and certain standard drugs were evaluated on platelet activation factor (PAF)-induced inflammation, gastric necrosis, ulceration and haematological picture. Administration of PAF (i.v.) for 20 min produced significant alteration in haematological profiles, considerable inflammation, severe gastric mucosal vasocongestion, necrosis and ulceration. Pretreatment with either P. indica and certain standard drugs significantly inhibited inflammation and incidences of lowered gastric damage.     

Quercetin and naringenin; effects on ulcer formation and gastric secretion in rats

The antiulcerogenic effect of two flavonoids, quercetin and naringenin, in acute gastric ulcer (cold-restraint and pylorus-ligated) has been investigated. In both models quercetin and naringenin presented a significant decrease in ulcer index with respect to the control group. Nevertheless, in the Shay-ligated method no decrease in either volume, acidity or pepsin were observed, however, a significant difference was found in histamine secretion values.     

Viper venom neutralization by Indian medicinal plant (Hemidesmus indicus and Pluchea indica) root extracts

The methanol root extracts of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. and Pluchea indica (Less) were explored for the first time for neutralization of snake venom (Vipera russellii) activity. The H. indicus and P. indica root extracts significantly neutralized the viper venom-induced lethality and haemorrhagic activity in albino rat and mouse. Venom-induced coagulant and anticoagulant activity was also antagonized by both the extracts. No precipitating bands were observed between the plant extract and polyvalent snake venom antiserum. Maximum neutralization was achieved by H. indicus root extract. These observations confirmed that certain Indian medicinal plants possess significant snake venom neutralizing capacity and need further examination for their active constituents.     

The antiulcer activity of Garcinia cambogia extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.

Garcinia cambogia extract is a herbal preparation that has been suggested as useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study this drug was tested for its antiulcerogenic effect. Oral pretreatment with Garcinia cambogia fruit extract (1 g/kg body wt/day) for 5, 10 or 15 days protected the gastric mucosa against the damage induced by indomethacin (20 mg/kg body wt). The volume and acidity of the gastric juice decreased in the pretreated rats. The glycoprotein levels of the gastric contents which were decreased in the untreated rats, maintained near normal levels in the pretreated rats. Protein which was elevated in the gastric juice of untreated rats, showed near normal levels in the pretreated rats. Garcinia cambogia was able to decrease the acidity and to increase the mucosal defence in the gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.     

Cytoprotective effects of Bergenia ciliata Sternb, extract on gastric ulcer in rats

Bergenia ciliata is used for the treatment of stomach disorders in the folk medicine of some areas of South East Asia. This study was designed to evaluate its gastroprotective effects on ethanol/HCl, indomethacin and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b/w of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the rhizome were administered 1 h after ulcerogenic treatment. The animals were killed 3 h later, their stomachs removed and the mean area of ulcer lesion was determined. The weight of mucus and gastric acidity were also measured. The aqueous extract decreased the ulcer lesion (p < 0.05) in all models to a greater extent than the methanol extract, but at the higher doses the effect was reduced. In addition, the antiulcer activity appears to be mediated via cytoprotective effects conferred by enhancement of the mucosal barrier, rather than by prevention of gastric acid secretion or the lowering of pH and acidity.     

The effects of Mikania cordata (Burm) B. L. Robins. Root extract on gastro-duodenal ulcer models in rats and guinea pigs

The methanolic fraction of the root extract M. cordata was found to possess significant anti-ulcer activity in different experimental models. In preventive tests the extract demonstrated significant protective action in gastric lesions induced by acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin in experimental rats. Significant protection was observed with the extract in chemically-induced duodenal lesions. Significant enhancement of the healing process was also found to occur in acetic acid-induced chronic gastric lesions in experimental animals.     

Evaluation of Azadirachta indica leaf extract for hypoglycaemic activity in rats

Water soluble fractions separated from the crude leaf extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. lowered hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin diabetes. Systematic fractionation of the concentrates led to the isolation of flavonol glycosides, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside.     

Antiulcerogenic activity of the essential oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia on different experimental models in rats

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), a native plant from Brazil, commonly known as ‘Alecrimdo‐campo’ is widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, hepatic disorders and stomach ulcers, and it is the most important botanical source of Southeastern Brazilian propolis, known as green propolis. Its essential oil is composed of non‐oxygenated and oxygenated terpenes. In this work, the effects of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of B. dracunculifolia on gastric ulcers were evaluated. The antiulcer assays were undertaken using the following protocols in rats: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced ulcer, ethanol‐induced ulcer, stress‐induced ulcer, and determination of gastric secretion using ligated pylorus. The treatment in the doses of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg of B. dracunculifolia essential oil significantly diminished the lesion index, the total lesion area and the percentage of lesions in comparison with both positive and negative control groups. With regard to the model of gastric secretion a reduction of gastric juice volume and total acidity was observed, as well as an increase in the gastric pH. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity study. Considering the results, it is suggested that the essential oil of B. dracunculifolia could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new phytotherapeutic medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiplasmodial and antipyretic screening of Mangifera indica extract

The stem bark extract of Mangifera indica was evaluated for antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. The extract was also screened for antipyretic activity in mice. The extract exhibited a schizontocidal effect during early infection, and also demonstrated repository activity. A reduction in yeast-induced hyperpyrexia was also produced by the extract. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复方血立停对实验性大鼠胃溃疡模型的研究

复方血立停在０．２１～０．８５６ｇ／ｋｇ剂量下，对慢性醋酸型和无水乙酸型大鼠胃溃疡形成的抑制率分别为３９～５９％和６１～８２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），并能促进慢性溃疡愈合；对幽门结扎型大鼠胃溃疡的发生率降低２０～７０％（ｐ＜０．０１），大剂量时胃酸分泌减少。结果表明复方血立停具有保护和治疗溃疡作用，其效应与甲氰咪胍相似。     

Effects of Anchusa strigosa root aqueous extract on gastric ethanol-induced ulcer in laboratory animals

Anchusa strigosa Banks et Sol (Boraginaceae) root extracts (ASRE) were prepared by soaking the dry material in boiling water. The clear soluble extract was dried and found to be 0.238 g/g dry roots. A gastric ulcer was induced in fastened animals by oral ingestion of ethanol. Administration of 0.080 g of ASRE prior to ethanol ingestion protected the stomach of the rat from ulcer formation. The ulcer index values, expressed as a percentage of total stomach surface area affected by the ulcer, were lowered from 34.0±4.0 to 6.0±0.7 and 32.5±9.4 to 2.2±1.4 by the morphometric and the planimetric methods, respectively. Treatment of the induced ulcer in guinea pigs was achieved by oral administration of ASRE at the therapeutic dose of extract of 0.286 g/kg body weight/day for 24 days. The intraperitoneal LD₅₀ of ASRE in mice was 0.080 g extract/kg body weight. Replacing water intake by ASRE at 75 ml of variable extract concentrations of 2.865, 3.57 and 4.284 g/l per animal per day for 90 days showed no histopathological changes in all organs of the rat. However, a clear depression effect on the central nervous system and anemia were observed particularly with extract of 3.57 g/l or more.     

Chemical composition and biological activity of the volatiles of Anthemis melampodina and Pluchea dioscoridis

The volatile fractions obtained by hydrodistillation of the fresh leaves of Anthemis melampodina and Pluchea dioscoridis were analysed by GC-MS technique. Of 38 components identified in the volatile oil of A. melampodina, santolinatriene was the major component (27.33%). The oil was characterized by a high percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons (49.94%) while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes represented only 7.41% and 11.43% of the oil. 36 components were identified in the volatile oil of P. dioscoridis. Farnesol was the major component (16.50%) accompanied by a high percentage of sesquiterpene alcohols. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (26.43%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (39.43%) represented the main constituents in the oil. P. dioscoridis showed a marked mosquito larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens (LC(50) 71.86 ppm), while A. melampodina was moderately active (LC(50) 139.42 ppm).     

Effect of Coccinia indica leaf extract on plasma antioxidants in streptozotocin- induced experimental diabetes in rats

The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effect of an ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica leaves, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic Medicine in India, in Streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Oral administration of Coccinia indica leaf extract (CLEt) (200 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, vitamin E and ceruloplasmin. The extract also caused a significant increase in plasma vitamin C and reduced glutathione, which clearly shows the antioxidant property of CLEt. The effect of CLEt at 200 mg/kg body weight was more effective than glibenclamide.     

假鹊肾树化学成分的研究

 目的:研究假鹊肾树树皮的化学成分?方法:利用溶剂分配法、柱层析色谱进行成分提取、分离、精制?运用IR,¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR和MS,结合文献对比确定其结构?结果:从假鹊肾树的树皮中分离得到3种香豆素和1种醌类化合物,分别为:佛手甘内酯(bergarpten,Ⅰ),东莨菪素(scopoletin,Ⅱ),伞形花内酯(umberliferone,Ⅲ),丹参酮Ⅱ-A(tanshioneⅡ-A,Ⅳ)?结论:化合物Ⅲ和Ⅳ为首次从该植物中发现?     

溃疡合剂的药理作用研究

本研究采用胃粘膜急性损伤模型 ,胃组织内 PGE2 含量测定 ,胃壁结合粘液含量测定为指标 ,观察溃疡合剂的胃粘膜细胞保护作用。结果 :本方对无水乙醇性胃粘膜损伤具有良好的抗损伤作用 ;能显著提高正常大鼠和无水乙醇损伤胃粘膜大鼠胃组织内 PGE2 含量 ;明显提高正常大鼠胃壁结合粘液含量