The role of the lignan constituents in the effect of Schisandra chinensis fruit extract on penile erection

The effect of the ethanol extract and active components of the fruit of Schisandra chinensis was evaluated on rabbit penile corpus cavernosum (PCC). PCC, pre‐contracted with 10^?5 m phenylephrine (Phe), was treated with extracts of S. chinensis at five different compositions of ethanol and water (95%, 70%, 50%, 30% and ethanol/water [v/v]) and three fractions (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL). The effect of the extracts and active lignans (schisandrol A and schisandrol B) from S. chinensis on sildenafil citrate pre‐incubated PCC was also evaluated. The PCC relaxation induced by the 95% ethanol extraction and the n‐hexane fraction was concentration‐dependent and the ethanol extract enhanced sildenafil citrate‐induced PCC relaxation. The active components of S. chinensis (schisandrol A and schisandrol B) significantly enhanced sildenafil citrate‐induced relaxation >2‐fold; schisandrol A had the highest relaxant effect on sildenafil citrate pre‐incubated PCC. The lignans, schisandrol A and schisandrol B, isolated from the fruits of S. chinensis enhanced sildenafil citrate‐induced relaxation and may have synergistic action in patients who do not completely respond to sildenafil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

药用五味子种质资源调查及研究

本文从资源调查(分布)、生境特点、种质资源评价等方面对五味子进行了有关研究的报告。其中对北五味子资源的地理分布、人工栽培情况进行了调查;目前五味子种质资源的评价主要集中在化学评价和分子生物学评价,本文对五味子种质资源评价体系中的化学评价和生物学评价分别进行了总结;同时对五味子种质资源的评价体系存在的诸多问题进行了阐述。     

菟丝子全草化学成分的研究

从菟丝子(Cuscuta chinensis Lam.)全草的石油醚和氯仿提取部分分离得到5个化合物,经理化鉴别及光谱分析,鉴定其分别为β-谷甾醇、d-芝麻素、9(R)-羟基-d-芝麻素、d-松脂素和胡萝卜甙,此五种化合物均首次从菟丝子全草中分离得到。     

菟丝子黄酮类成分的研究

从菟丝子种子中,分离出4个黄酮类化合物,经理化和光谱分析鉴定为槲皮素、紫云英甙、金丝桃甙和槲皮素-3-O-β-半乳糖-7-O-β-葡萄糖甙。     

白蜡树的化学成分研究

目的：从白蜡树(Fraxinus chinensis Roxb．)树皮中提取分离抗癌活性成分。方法：运用各种层析手段和波谱方法分离并鉴定了5个木脂素化合物。结果：它们的结构分别鉴定为( )-pinoresinol(Ⅰ)，( )-acetoxypinoresinol(Ⅱ)，( )-pinoresinol-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅱ)，( )-syringaresinol-4，4′-O-bis-β-D-glueopymnoside(Ⅳ)和( )-eycloolivil(Ⅴ)。结论：以上化合物均为从白蜡树中首次分得，其中化合物Ⅱ具有VEGFR-1酪氨酸激酶抑制活性，提示该化合物可能有抗癌活性。     

射干提取物抗炎及镇痛药理实验研究

[目的]研究射干提取物对实验性大鼠足肿胀、小鼠耳肿胀及小鼠疼痛的影响。[方法]利用新鲜配制的蛋清注射于大鼠足跖部造成足肿胀、二甲苯涂于小鼠耳廓引起耳肿胀、冰醋酸小鼠腹腔注射引起疼痛。[结果]射干提取物0.32g/kg、0.64g/kg、1.28mg/kg剂量明显降低大鼠足肿胀率,0.46g/kg、0.92g/kg、1.84g/kg剂量明显降低小鼠耳肿胀度、明显减少小鼠扭体次数。[结论]该药具有抗炎及镇痛作用。     

开口箭提取物细胞毒活性研究

目的通过体外细胞培养技术,探讨开口箭提取物的细胞毒活性,为进行深层次研究提供依据。方法采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法。结果开口箭甲醇提取物、总皂苷、30%总皂苷和70%总皂苷对HL-60和Caski细胞的抑制作用显著,与阴性对照相比(P<0.05),对HL-60细胞的抑制率达到60.12%,72.25%,89.09%,95.17%,其IC50为65.57,45.07,35.40,22.89μg/ml。对Caski细胞的抑制率达到63.94%,71.48%,62.49%,73.43%,其IC50为108.42,84.53,41.02,47.19μg/ml。结论开口箭提取物对HL-60和Caski细胞具有明显的抑制作用。     

南方红豆杉水提物诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡与紫杉醇抑瘤机制不同的研究

目的:初步探讨南方红豆杉水提物抗人肺腺癌A549细胞(以下简称"A549细胞")的作用机制,明确其与紫杉醇抗肿瘤机制的不同。方法:以流式细胞仪检测南方红豆杉水提物对A549细胞凋亡的影响,以紫杉醇为对照;以普通光学显微镜观察南方红豆杉水提物和紫杉醇对A549细胞形态的影响;以Western blotting检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白P-jnk的表达。结果:①流式细胞检测及光镜观察发现南方红豆杉水提物处理后A549细胞呈典型的早期凋亡表现(P<0.05,P<0.01),而紫杉醇组细胞以坏死及晚期凋亡表现为主(P<0.05,P<0.01),且其比例均呈现一定的剂量-效应关系;②Western blotting检测发现南方红豆杉水提物处理后A549细胞P38蛋白表达无明显变化、P-jnk蛋白随药物浓度增加表达减少(P<0.01)。结论:南方红豆杉水提物抗A549细胞的机制与紫杉醇不同,其作用机制主要与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

开口箭皂苷抗内毒素作用的实验研究

目的:探讨开口箭皂苷(STCB)对内毒素所致小鼠死亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:腹腔注射铜绿假单胞菌脂多糖(LPS)60 mg/kg或10 mg/kg分别制备昆明种小鼠内毒素中毒死亡模型和内毒素血症模型,STCB预防性灌胃给药,观察中毒小鼠存活率、存活时间;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测内毒素血症小鼠血清白介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量。LPS刺激小鼠腹腔渗出细胞活化作为体外炎症模型,STCB干预,ELISA法检测培养上清IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。结果:经STCB(2004、00 mg/kg,连续5 d)预处理的动物存活率略高于模型组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其存活时间显著长于模型组(P0.05)。经STCB(2004、00 mg/kg,连续5 d)预处理的动物血清IL-1β和TNF-α含量显著低于模型组(P0.05)。体外STCB(204、0μg/mL)明显抑制由LPS诱导的小鼠腹腔渗出细胞分泌IL-1β和TNF-α(P0.05)。结论:STCB对LPS中毒所致小鼠死亡有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与下调IL-1β和TNF-α分泌有关。     

Hypoglycaemic effect of the lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycaemic effect of the lyophilised aqueous extract of the whole plant of Ajuga iva (L.) Schreber (Labiatae) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Single and repeated oral administration of the extract of Ajuga iva L (AI) at a dose of 10 mg/kg produced a slight and significant decrease in plasma glucose levels in normal rats 6 h after administration and after 3 weeks of treatment. AI reduced plasma glucose levels of streptozotocin diabetic rats from 337±9.3 to 102.2±17.7 mg/dl after 6 h of oral administration (P<0.001). Repeated oral administration of AI to streptozotocin diabetic rats significantly decreased the plasma glucose levels after 1 week of treatment (112±14.4 mg/dl at 1 week vs 337±9.3 mg/dl at the baseline values, (P<0.001). It continuously decreased thereafter and showed a rapid normalisation after 1 week of AI treatment. It is concluded that these results demonstrated that the water extract of the whole plant of AI possess a strong hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats, and support therefore, its traditional use in diabetes mellitus control.     

刺五加与五味子合用对小鼠镇静催眠作用的研究

目的:研究刺五加与五味子合用后对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法:采用阈上和阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠法,对刺五加和五味子单用及合用的镇静催眠作用进行比较研究。应用戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠睡眠的方法,研究刺五加和五味子改善睡眠作用的量效关系。结果:刺五加可以延长睡眠时间(P<0.01),起效剂量为16g/kg,起效范围为16～128g/kg,其中剂量为64g/kg时效果最为显著。五味子可以缩短睡眠潜伏期(P<0.05),起效剂量为3g/kg,起效范围为3～12g/kg,其中剂量为12g/kg时效果最为显著。与空白组相比,刺五加与五味子合用组可显著缩短戊巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡潜伏期(P<0.01)并能延长其睡眠时间(P<0.01),能明显增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡率(P<0.05)。其作用优于单用刺五加组和单用五味子组。结论:刺五加与五味子合用具有镇静催眠的作用。     

石见穿化学成分的提取分离及定量分析

目的:研究石见穿全草的水溶性化学成分及进行含量分析。方法:利用水提、有机溶剂萃取及采用葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱进行分离纯化,采用HPLC进行定量分析;结果:从石见穿水提取物中分得丹参素和迷迭香酸。HPLC色谱条件下,丹参素进样量在1.48～7.40μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),丹参素加样回收率(按丹参素钠计算)平均值为102.8%,RSD=1.04%;原儿茶醛进样量在0.05～0.26μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),原儿茶醛加样回收率平均值为101.5%,RSD=0.72%。结论:为石见穿的质量控制提供了可靠的检测方法。丹参素为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

九香虫水提液化学成分及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的研究九香虫水提液化学成分及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法制备九香虫水提液,采用GC-MS法分析九香虫水提液化学成分,利用SDS-PAGE电泳分析其蛋白组成。采用MTT法与形态学观察法检测九香虫水提液对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-453、HCC-1937及小鼠乳腺癌细胞4T1增殖的抑制作用。结果九香虫水提液主要化学成分为L-苹果酸、L-核糖、半乳糖酸等;蛋白含有量为0. 843 mg/m L;蛋白分子量主要分布在75、35、30、25、12 k Da;水提液对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-453、HCC-1937细胞及小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞体外增殖具有显著抑制作用,且呈剂量相关性,IC50值分别为0. 142、0. 059、0. 190 g/m L。结论九香虫水提液主要为氨基酸、脂肪酸、糖类物质,蛋白含有量较高,对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-453、HCC-1937细胞及小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞的体外增殖具有显著抑制作用。     

委陵菜对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤保护作用

目的 :研究委陵菜对四氯化碳 (CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 :用委陵菜给小鼠灌胃 7天 ,观察对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤所引起血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转免酶升高、肝脂质过氧化物含量的影响。结果 :委陵菜能明显降低模型组的血清转氨酶、肝脂质过氧化物含量。结论 :委陵菜对小鼠肝脏的化学损伤有保护作用     

Cardioprotective effects of aqueous Schizandra chinensis fruit extract on ovariectomized and balloon-induced carotid artery injury rat models: effects on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure

Aim of the study

The fruit from Schizandra chinensis, a member of the Magnoliaceae family, has been used to treat menopause-related symptoms. We have previously reported that an aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit (ScEx) caused vascular relaxation via the production of endothelial nitric oxide. Estrogen-like molecules are known to play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases through several mechanisms, but the cardioprotective effects of ScEx have not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we investigated the vasculoprotective effects of ScEx on ovariectomized (OVX) and balloon-induced carotid artery injury rat models.

Materials and methods

An aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis (ScEx) was examined for its cardioprotective effects. To test the arterial response to injury, we applied the balloon-induced carotid artery model to OVX Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were subcutaneously administered vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.02 or 0.2 mg/kg/day), or ScEx (0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg/day) over the course of the study. Vessel morphology was assessed two weeks after injury. To identify the cardioprotective effects after ScEx treatment, we measured serum lipid profiles and blood pressure levels in the OVX- and sham-operated normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Serum lipid profiles were measured in OVX rats after five weeks of treatment with vehicle, E2 (0.5 mg/kg/day), or ScEx (0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day). Tail systolic blood pressure in OVX SHR was measured weekly.

Results

In the balloon-induced carotid artery injury model, treatment with E2 (0.2 mg/kg/day) or ScEx (2.0 mg/kg/day) reduced the intimal area and the intima-to-media ratio compared to control animals. Injection of ScEx or E2 reduced body weight gain but did not inhibit the decrease in uterine weight. Treatment with ScEx (5.0 mg/kg/day) or E2 (0.5 mg/kg/day) in OVX SD rats reduced total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC-(HDL-C)/HDL-C compared to control animals. In OVX rats, treatment with ScEx or E2 also significantly reduced LDL-C compared with the OVX control rats, and systolic blood pressure was significantly attenuated compared to OVX control and the sham control rats.

Conclusions

ScEx treatment restored endothelial function in rats that underwent balloon-induced carotid artery injury, and it reduced serum cholesterol levels in OVX rats. Similar to E2, ScEx exihibited hypotensive effects in OVX SHR. Therefore, ScEx and E2 exhibited similar cardioprotective effects, thereby suggesting that ScEx is a potential candidate to replace estradiol in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.     

苍术口十烟熏比较紫外线照射用于病房空气消毒的效果观察

目的评价比较苍术叶。与紫外线照射消毒的消毒结果。     

Antihypertensive, vasorelaxant and inotropic effects of an ethanolic extract of the roots of Saururus chinensis

AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was performed to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of ethanolic extract of the roots of Saururus chinensis (EERSC) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of EERSC on the vascular responses of isolated rat aorta, the cardiac functions in isolated rat heart, and the antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were evaluated. RESULTS: In isolated rat aortic preparations, EERSC exhibited a potent vasorelaxant effect with EC(50) value of 9.1 microg/ml. This relaxation was significantly inhibited by denudation of endothelial layer or by pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. In addition, the raising extracellular K(+) (45 mM), or pretreatment with tetraethylammonium (10 mM) significantly inhibited EERSC-induced vasorelaxation in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. In isolated rat hearts, EERSC significantly reduced cardiac functions such as left ventricle pressure and heart rate. In an antihypertensive study with SHRs, long-term oral administrations of EERSC decreased blood pressure of SHRs (approximately 20 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chronic treatment with EERSC exerts an antihypertensive effect in SHRs, and its direct vasorelaxant properties and negative inotropic actions may contribute to reduce the elevated blood pressure.     

狗肝菜乙醇提取物的化学成分研究

目的:对狗肝菜Dicliptera chinensis全草的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱和制备性薄层色谱及反相HPLC进行分离、纯化,UV,NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从狗肝菜乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部分得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为环八硫(1),开环异落叶松脂醇二甲醚二乙酸酯(2),5-甲氧基-4,4′-二氧甲基开环落叶松脂醇二乙酸酯(3),羟基华远志内酯甲醚(4),黑麦草内酯(5),β-谷甾醇葡萄糖苷(6),豆甾醇葡萄糖苷(7)。结论:除化合物6外,其他化合物皆为首次从该属植物中发现。     

水仙提取物对人类多发性骨髓瘤细胞系ARH-77增殖和凋亡的作用

目的研究水仙提取物对人类多发性骨髓瘤细胞系ARH-77的增殖及凋亡的影响。方法采用MTT法检测水仙提取物(1.25、2.5、5、10、20μg/mL)作用ARH-77细胞3d后细胞存活率的变化;采用荧光染色法观察水仙提取物(10μg/mL)作用3d对ARH-77细胞凋亡的影响;流式细胞仪分析细胞周期时相变化和检测细胞凋亡率;核仁组织区(NOR)相关嗜银蛋白(AgNOR)染色法检测细胞NOR的改变;透射电镜观察细胞亚微结构变化。结果水仙提取物能明显抑制ARH-77细胞增殖,降低细胞存活率(P<0.01),其IC50为4.8μg/mL;促进肿瘤细胞凋亡(P<0.05),阻滞细胞周期于G2/M期(P<0.01);降低AgNOR的数目(P<0.001)和促进AgNOR的融合(P<0.01);引起细胞亚微结构改变。结论水仙提取物能抑制ARH-77细胞增殖,诱导ARH-77细胞凋亡。     

Therapeutic effect of the saponin fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots on osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate through protecting articular cartilage

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the saponin fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots (SFC) on an osteoarthritis model in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Osteoarthritis was induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into knee joints of rats, and SFC and diclofenac were orally administered once a day for 28 consecutive days. Joint swelling, macroscopic observation, histological assessment and proteoglycan (PG) degradation were examined. In vitro, cultured rabbit chondrocytes were stimulated with MIA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. The effects of SFC on MIA‐ and SNP‐induced chondrocyte injury were examined by MTT assay. It was shown that SFC (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) dose‐dependently reduced cartilage injury and PG degradation induced by MIA. Diclofenac (4 mg/kg) only slightly alleviated cartilage injury and PG degradation. SFC also prevented SNP‐ or MIA‐induced rabbit chondrocyte impairment. These results indicate that SFC is effective in ameliorating joint destruction and cartilage erosion in MIA‐induced osteoarthritic in rats, and the mechanisms of action for protecting articular cartilage are through preventing extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte injury. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.