Eupatorium cannabinum L.

A review onEupatorium cannabinum L. is given, including botany, history and constituents. The sesquiterpene lactones are discussed in more detail, covering their biosynthesis, isolation, analysis and biological activity. Special attention is paid to the cytotoxic and antitumour activities of the sesquiterpene lactones.     

Antimicrobial screening of essential oils and extracts of someHumulus lupulus L. cultivars

The essential oils as well as solvent extracts of 11 hop cultivars, 1 hop variety and a wild type of hop were screened for their antimicrobial activities using the agar overlay technique. The oils were isolated from the cones of the various hop plants by hydrodistillation, the extracts were obtained by soaking the hop cones in chloroform. The oils and the extracts showed activity against the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis andStaphylococcus aureus) and the fungus (Trichophyton mentagrophytes var.interdigitale), but almost no activity against the Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and the yeast (Candida albicans) used in the screening. The peak area percentages of the main volatile components and the contents of the bitter acids of the extracts were determined for all cultivars using chromatographic methods.     

Essential oils of petal,leaf and stem of the antimalarial plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis>

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from petals, leaves and stems of the flowering stage of plants of Artemisia annua cultivar Jwarharti was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS); 86, 77, and 63 compounds were identified in the leaf, petal, and stem oils, respectively. Large compositional differences were detected between the three oils. The petal and leaf oils were rich in monoterpenes. The stem oil was rich in sesquiterpenes. Camphor, present in the leaf oil, was absent from petal oil.     

对叶百部中的非生物碱类成分

从百部科植物对叶百部中分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别为大黄素甲醚(1),3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(2),对羟基苯甲酸(3),(Z)-1,1′-biindenyliden(4),胸腺嘧啶(5),2-(1′,2′,3′,4′-四羟基丁基)-6-(2′′,3′′,4′′-三羟基丁基)-吡嗪(6),掌叶半夏碱戊(7),豆甾醇(8),β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(9),β-谷甾醇(10)和β-胡萝卜苷(11)。其中化合物1～9均为首次从该科植物中分得。     

Terpene and phenolic constituents of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactuca indica</Emphasis> L.

We isolated seven terpenes and five phenolic constituents from the aerial parts of Lactuca indica L. using column chromatographic separation of its MeOH extract. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods to be trans-phytol (1), 3beta-hydroxyglutin-5-ene (2), 5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (3), 11beta-13-dihydrolactucin (4), 2-phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), cichorioside B (6), 1-hydroxylinaloyl-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), (6S,9S)-roseoside (8), benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), 2-(3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol (10), 3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-dihydrobenzofuran (11), and (+)-taraxafolin-B (12). Compounds 1-3, 5, and 7-12 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines in vitro using a Sulforhodamin B bioassay.     

Biosynthesis of pseudoisoeugenols in tissue cultures ofPimpinella anisum

The genusPimpinella contains pseudoisoeugenols, phenylpropanoids with a rare 2,5-dioxy substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. To study the biosynthesis of these compounds, we set up a leaf-differentiating tissue culture ofPimpinella anisum. These cultures mainly produce epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate). To corroborate the biosynthetic pathway of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate) as proposed on the basis of investigations with¹³C/¹⁴C-labelled precursors, the key steps of the pathway were investigated at an enzyme level. Experiments with cell-free homogenates clearly revealed that L-phenylalanine is converted to (E)-cinnamic acid by phenylalanine ammonia lyase and that (E)-cinnamic acid is converted top-coumaric acid by cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. L-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionic acid, an analogue of L-phenylalanine, inhibited the incorporation of L-[3-¹³C]phenylalanine into epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate). Up to 2% of the precursor DL-[3-¹³C]phenyllactate was incorporated into epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate). Inhibition experiments with oxalacetic acid clearly showed that cinnamic acid is not formed by dehydration of phenyllactic acid in this leaf-differentiating tissue culture ofP. anisum.     

Essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L.: Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

Essential oil (EO) of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L. (Brazilian cherry tree) was evaluated for its antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties. The acute toxicity of the EO administered by oral route was also evaluated in mice. The EO exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and reduced lipid peroxidation in the kidney of mice. The EO also showed antimicrobial activity against two important pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and against two fungi of the Candida species, C. lipolytica and C. guilliermondii. Acute administration of the EO by the oral route did not cause lethality or toxicological effects in mice. These findings suggest that the EO of the leaves of E. uniflora may have the potential for use in the pharmaceutical industry.     

Preliminary phytochemical investigation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lychnis flos-cuculi</Emphasis> herbs

Five polyphenolic compounds were identified from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the herb of ragged robin, Lychnis flos-cuculi L. (Caryophyllaceae). The identified and isolated compounds were established as a caffeic acid, luteolin, apigenin, apigenin 8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (vitexin) and luteolin 8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (orientin) by means of extensive spectroscopic studies, including UV and NMR, and confirmed by their chromatographic behavior—TLC and HPLC analyses. This is the first report of occurrence of these compounds in L. flos-cuculi.     

Comparison of Curcuma sp. in Yakushima with C. aeruginosa and C. zedoaria in Java by trn K gene sequence, RAPD pattern and essential oil component

As the result of a comparison of Curcuma sp. (Gajutsu in Japanese) in Yakushima Island, Japan, with Curcuma aeruginosa and C. zedoaria in Java, Indonesia, by trnK gene sequence, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern and essential oil component, it is indicated that Curcuma sp. in Yakushima is more closely related to C. aeruginosa than to C. zedoaria.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Perilla frutescens</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">frutescens</Emphasis> in northern Laos

Twenty-eight samples of mericarps of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens were collected through fieldwork performed in Phongsali and Xieng Khouang provinces in northern Laos. No perilla samples were collected from Savannakhet province in the south although more than 20 sites were investigated. Perilla plants are mostly grown mixed with dry-paddy rice by slash-and-burn cultivation in Laos. The most popular local name for perilla mericarps in the area was “Ma Nga Chan”. Weight of 1,000 grains and hardness of the mericarps were measured, and all mericarps were found to be large (weight of 1,000 grains around 2 g) and soft (limit load weight under 300 g), which were preferred for culinary use in Laos. The composition of the essential oils obtained from the herbaceous plants raised from the mericarps was divided into five types, perillaketone, elemicine plus myristicine, shisofuran, piperitenon, and myristicine, and GC–MS analysis of these Laotian perilla samples showed that they were similar to those of corresponding types of known Japanese perilla strains. One of the shisofuran-type perilla contained large amounts of putative α-naginatene, which is likely to be an intermediate of the biosynthesis of naginataketone. The farmers' indifference to the oil type of the leaf seems to leave Laotian perilla as a good genetic resource for studies of the biosynthesis of oil compounds.     

A quinic acid ester from Strychnos lucida

A new quinic acid ester, 4-O-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)quinic acid (1) was isolated, together with 22 known compounds, from the barks and woods of Strychnos lucida. The structure of the new compound was determined by spectroscopic (NMR, MS) and chemical means.     

刺人参挥发油成分及其抗真菌活性的研究

Oplopanax elatus (Ci Ren Shen, in Chinese), a perennial bush with thorn, wildly grows in Chang Bai Mountain area, northeast China. The essential oil of its root, rhizome and stem was extracted by steam distillation with yields of 0.8～1.2%. By means of GC/MS/DS, 31 chemical constituents were identified as follows: n-hexanal (0.22%), heptaldehydc (0.17%), α-pinene (1.30%), β-pentyl furan(0.27%), n-octanal(2.07%), limonene(0.31%), ocimene(1.62%), δ-3-carene(0.19%), perillen(1.33%), 2,6-dimethyl heptalene(1.07%), borneol(1.27%), α-dodecenal(7.14%), α-copaene(0.54%), tetradcanal(1.17%), iaocaryophyllene (0.58%), β-farnesene(0.92%), α-caryophyllene(0.82%), γ-muurolene(0.73%), longifolene(1.67%), 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-2, 6, 10-dodinene(8.64%), γ-cadinene(2.79%), δ-cadinene(5.03%), nerolidol(14.93%), gualol(4.20%), torreyol(10.0%), cedrol(4.24%), bulnesol(7.79%) and farnesol(1.16%).The antimycotic activities of Ci Ren Shen cssential oil was determined in vitro by serial dilutions on solid nutrient medium. Fungistatic results were visible on 5 species, Microporum gypseum, M. lanosun, Trichophyton gypseum, T. purpureatum and Epidermophyton floccosum. The MIC is 0.0625%.     

新疆罗勒化学成分的分离鉴定

目的 研究新疆罗勒Ocimum bacilicum L.全草的化学成分. 方法用硅胶、凝胶柱色谱法分离化合物,用波谱法鉴定其结构. 结果从罗勒全草中分离鉴定了4个甾体类化合物即β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅱ)、豆甾醇(Ⅲ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)和3个黄酮类化合物即芦丁(Ⅴ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅶ均为首次从该植物中分得.     

Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the leaf essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eugenia zuchowskiae</Emphasis> from Monteverde,Costa Rica

The leaf essential oil of Eugenia zuchowskiae from Monteverde, Costa Rica, has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. The principal constituents of E. zuchowskiae leaf oil were α-pinene (28.3%), β-caryophyllene (13.2%), α-humulene (13.1%), and α-copaene (8.1%). The leaf essential oil of E. zuchowskiae showed pronounced in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and UACC-257 human tumor cell lines. The major components showed cytotoxic activities comparable to doxorubicin (LC₅₀ 14–70 μg/ml).     

香薷挥发油成分的研究

本文用GLC等方法鉴定和测定了海州香薷挥发油中对聚繖花素(10.43%)、百里香酚(30.05%)、香荆芥酚(33.39%)、α-反式-香柠檬烯(1.64%)等12个成分,并与川香薷挥发油的成分进行了分析比较。     

Studies on the antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitex agnus castus L. fruits from Turkey

This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitex agnus castus. GC and GC–MS analysis was resulted in the detection of 27 components, representing 94.5% of the oil. Major components of the oil were 1,8-cineole (24.98%), sabinene (13.45%), α-pinene (10.60%), α-terpinyl acetate (6.66%), and (Z)-β-farnesene (5.40%). Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three different test systems, DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power assays. In all systems, water extract exhibited excellent activity potential than those of other extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and the oil. As expected, amount of total phenolics was very high in this extract (112.46 ± 1.22 μg GAEs/mg extract). Dichloromethane extract has been found to be rich in flavonoids. A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity potential and total phenolic and flavonoid levels of the extracts.     

Application of the chromatographic fingerprint for quality control of essential oil from GuangXi Curcuma kwangsiensis

To evaluate the validation tests of precision and repeatability in quality control of essential oil from Curcuma kwangsiensis, ten different batches of Curcuma kwangsiensis samples from three producing areas in Guangxi province were studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The characteristic differences in the producing areas and the chemical variances in the toasting process were obtained and studied by principal components analysis (PCA) and similarity analysis. The results suggest that the chromatographic fingerprint developed by hydrodistillation coupled with GC-MS provides useful information to reveal the quality of Curcuma kwangsiensis and evaluate the quality changes in the producing process.     

Antioxidant and antidermatophytic activities of essential oil and extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr.

This study was carried out to assess the antioxidant and antidermatophytic activities of the essential oil and extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The free radical scavenging activities of the oil and ethyl acetate extract were found to be superior (IC₅₀ values = 10.11 and 16.17 μg/ml, respectively) as compared to butylatedhydreoxyanisole (BHA), (IC₅₀ value = 18.27 μg/ml). Also the ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest phenolic contents (96.13 mg/g of dry wt) as compared to the other extracts. Further, the oil (1000 μg/disc) and extracts (1500 μg/disc) revealed 42.36–63.12% and 19.07–54.14% antidermatophytic effect, respectively along with their respective MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 500 and 250 to 2000 μg/ml against the members of Trichophyton and Microsporum spp. Also the oil had strong detrimental effect on spore germination of tested fungal pathogens as well as concentration and time dependent kinetic inhibition of Microsporum canis KCTC 6348. The results of this study justify a potential role of M. liliflora to serve as a natural antioxidant and antidermatophytic agent.     

孜然挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱的构建及主成分分析和聚类分析

目的 采用GC-MS指纹图谱并结合多元统计等方法评价不同产地孜然质量。方法 采用气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（GC-Q-TOF/MS）技术对孜然挥发油进行定性和定量分析,建立20批不同产地孜然的指纹图谱;运用\     

Chemical constituents from Oldenlandia corymbosa L. of Thai origin

From the whole plants of Oldenlandia corymbosa of Thai origin, ten compounds have been isolated and elucidated as geniposide, 6α-hydroxygeniposide, scandoside methyl ester (6β-hydroxygeniposide), asperulosidic acid, deacetylasperuloside, asperuloside, 10-O-benzoylscandoside methyl ester, 10-O-p-hydroxybenzoylscandoside methyl ester, (+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-glucopyranoside, and rutin. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.