以Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的　 探讨复杂颅内动脉瘤的介入治疗方法 ,探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤的适应证 ,急诊期使用支架术中、术后的安全性。方法　采用Neuroform支架 ,弹簧圈主要采用Matrix。以 1枚支架覆盖 2枚动脉瘤并同时栓塞 2例 ;以支架辅助栓塞巨大宽颈动脉瘤 1例 ,急诊常规栓塞时瘤颈残留 ,择期再以支架植入辅助弹簧圈栓塞瘤颈 1例 ;动脉瘤常规弹簧圈栓塞后 3年复发 ,再以支架辅助栓塞 1例 ;急诊期支架辅助栓塞宽颈动脉瘤 4例。择期栓塞患者术前 3d予强抗血小板聚集药物 ,所有患者术后予强抗血小板聚集药物及 5d抗凝治疗。术后 3～ 6个月复查 4例。结果　所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成 ,无手术并发症 ;除 1例巨大动脉瘤为次全栓塞外 ,其他均致密栓塞 ;复查 4例中 ,除次全栓塞的巨大动脉瘤出现动脉瘤腔部分显影外 ,其余 3例均未见动脉瘤显影。结论　以支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞提高了颅内宽颈动脉瘤、复杂性动脉瘤的治疗效果 ;既使用Matrix也要求致密栓塞 ;使用支架对抗血小板聚集药物的要求与蛛网膜下腔出血后可能需要的外科手术处理存在矛盾 ;未行抗血小板聚集药物准备情况下 ,急诊栓塞时使用支架的安全性尚有待探讨。     

支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤长期随访分析

目的 观察使用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者术后3年以上的复发率、支架内狭窄率、动脉瘤再破裂发生率.方法 47例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者,术后3年以上接受DSA下全颈脑血管造影检查.结果 出现不同程度的支架内狭窄3例,其中1例出现载瘤动脉慢性闭塞.复发5例,其中1例为小型前交通动脉瘤,患者动脉瘤体可见部分显影;4例为超过1.5 cm的颈内动脉虹吸段的大型动脉瘤,栓塞后半年随访发现,动脉瘤内弹簧圈压缩,瘤体再度显影,该4例中有3例经过2次栓塞后即时显影消失,但仍有2例3年随访动脉瘤体再度显影,另1例拒绝2次栓塞,继续随访中.3年随访期内无一例患者栓塞后动脉瘤再破裂.结论 支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤术式有效、可行,复发率低,支架内狭窄发生率不高,长期效果良好.     

支架辅助弹簧圈介入栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的探讨支架辅助弹簧圈介入栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析16例患者的临床资料,应用支架包括Neuroform 6枚和Fnterprise 10枚。结果所有支架均成功释放并行弹簧圈栓塞,即刻造影动脉瘤获得完全及大部分栓塞13例,瘤颈残留1例,部分栓塞2例.14例患者术后3～12个月复查,13例完全及大部分栓塞中11例复查未见复发,瘤颈残留1例6个月后复查复发,再次行支架植入完全栓塞.部分栓塞2例复查时瘤腔消失。结论通过支架辅助对宽颈动脉瘤瘤颈重塑及弹簧圈的介入栓塞作用,使动脉瘤栓塞疗效满意。     

Neuroform3支架在急诊血管内栓塞破裂性颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的应用

目的 评价急诊血管内Neuroform3支架辅助下可解脱弹簧圈栓塞破裂的颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效和中期随访.方法 回顾性分析最近18个月急诊介入栓塞治疗的破裂出血性颅内动脉瘤48例,其中26例在72 h内实施Neuroform3支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞术.其中3例动脉瘤位于大脑前动脉A1段,3例位于大脑中动脉M1和M2段,13例位于后交通,2例位于颈内动脉眼动脉段,2例位于基底动脉顶端,2例位于椎动脉V2和V4段,1例位于小脑后下动脉;3例在第1枚弹簧圈释放后植入支架,1例在第2枚弹簧圈释放后植入支架,2例在第4枚弹簧圈释放后植入支架,10例在第1枚弹簧圈无法在瘤腔内成篮后植入支架,其余10例先植入支架再进行弹簧圈栓塞,所有微导管均通过支架网眼进入动脉瘤.结果 所有病例均成功释放支架(100%),覆盖了瘤颈,同期行弹簧圈填塞动脉瘤.术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞23例(88.5%),次全栓塞3例(11.5%);术中1例支架轻度回撤,无血栓事件和动脉瘤再破裂出血发生,所有患者均恢复良好出院.栓塞术后随访到23例,至少复查1次脑血管造影,最多复查3次;完全致密栓塞14例(60.8%)动脉瘤均末显影,6例瘤颈少许显影病例中3例(11.5%)存在血栓形成,次全栓塞1例(3.3%)瘤体再通,另外2例始终稳定,所有病例载瘤动脉通畅,狭窄2例(7.7%),临床上无任何症状,术后所有患者均无再出血.结论 急症血管内应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞破裂出血的颅内宽颈动脉瘤足方便的、安全的和有效的.     

LVIS支架辅助栓塞颅内动脉瘤安全性及有效性分析

目的 评价低剖面编织型设计的自膨式LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2016年6月收治的127例LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤患者临床资料,分析手术安全性、术后即刻效果、复发率及临床、影像学随访结果.结果 127例颅内动脉瘤患者介入栓塞术中成功植入130枚LVIS支架,1例植入失败,技术成功率99.2％.7例术中或术后出现支架内血栓事件(7/127,5.5％),无围手术期出血、死亡.术后即刻动脉瘤完全闭塞112枚(88.1％),瘤颈残余15枚(11.9％).术后平均随访8个月,37例影像学复查显示33例(89.1％)动脉瘤完全闭塞,4例(10.9％)瘤体仍显影,其中3例为术后即刻有瘤体显影,1例为动脉瘤复发,无死亡.结论 LVIS支架辅助栓塞颅内动脉瘤安全有效,但远期疗效有待进一步随访观察.     

Neuroform颅内支架辅助栓塞宽颈颅内动脉瘤的初步经验

目的　报道我科使用Neuroform支架辅助可脱式弹簧圈栓塞宽颈脑动脉瘤的初步经验。方法　 2 2例 2 4枚宽颈颅内动脉瘤采用Neuroform支架和弹簧圈进行栓塞 ,其中急性破裂动脉瘤 19枚、未破裂动脉瘤 5枚。结果　支架均成功地释放 ,支架置入后的造影未发现有瘤内造影剂滞留的血流动力学改变。 10 0 %闭塞动脉瘤 18枚 ,90 %以上闭塞 5枚 ,1枚伴发的未破裂小型宽颈动脉瘤在支架置入后微导管无法超选 ,载瘤动脉均通畅。有 2枚动脉瘤虽有支架阻挡 ,但仍有部分弹簧圈畔进入载瘤动脉。所有患者没有出现与支架置入有关的症状性缺血性并发症。 17例造影随访中 ,有 1例在 3个月复查时发现再通 ,进行 2次栓塞完全闭塞动脉瘤 ,其余未见复发 ,结论　Neuroform颅内支架使用安全有效 ,适合于宽颈颅内动脉瘤的支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞 ,特别适合于迂曲的脑血管 ;其径向支撑力较差 ,在输送微导管时应防止其移位 ;其支架网眼较大 ,对血流动力学改变不明显 ,致密填塞是重要的 ,在输送弹簧圈时仍应防止弹簧圈畔进入载瘤动脉 ;术前、术后抗血小板药物的应用以及术后严格的系列造影随访是必要的。     

支架技术在颅内复杂动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨支架在颅内复杂动脉瘤中的治疗技术及应用价值。方法回顾性分析应用支架技术辅助栓塞治疗的31例颅内动脉瘤患者（宽颈动脉瘤28例,梭形动脉瘤3例）的临床资料。术中将支架引至动脉瘤处释放支架覆盖动脉瘤颈,并结合弹簧圈栓塞术。结果 31例共置入支架32枚,其中Enterprise支架24枚,LEO支架5枚,Solitaire AB支架3枚。采用单纯支架置入技术2例,此2例微小动脉瘤术后见瘤腔内造影剂滞留。支架结合弹簧圈治疗29例,其中支架先释放技术7例,支架后释放技术22例,支架结合弹簧圈治疗组取得满意疗效。术后即刻栓塞结果按改良的Raymond分级：动脉瘤体完全栓塞20例（Ⅰ级）,瘤颈残留7例（Ⅱ级）,瘤体显影2例（Ⅲ级）。随访1～6个月未发生再出血及缺血并发症。结论支架辅助栓塞技术是治疗颅内动脉瘤安全有效的方法,可提高动脉瘤栓塞的致密程度,采用支架后释放技术使绝大多数颅内复杂动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能。     

Neuroform支架辅助栓塞基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤

目的 探讨应用自膨胀颅内专用支架(Neuroform支架)与弹簧圈栓塞相结合治疗基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤技术的临床应用价值.方法 采用Neuroform支架与弹簧圈结合栓塞治疗30例基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤.其中基底动脉末端动脉瘤16例,基底动脉中段9例,基底动脉起始部5例.结果 30例中,25例致密栓塞,5例部分栓塞.仅2例术中发生支架内血栓,其余患者均恢复良好出院.临床随访20例,随访期3～6个月,无血栓栓塞症状发生.22例术后3个月血管造影随访:19例致密栓塞的动脉瘤均末显影,载瘤动脉通畅;3例动脉瘤颈有残留.结论 Neuroform颅内支架使用方便、安全,适用于颅内基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤的支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,特别适用于迂曲的脑血管.     

自膨胀式支架联合可解脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈颅内动脉瘤的效果

目的探讨应用自膨胀式颅内专用支架（Neuroform支架）与可解脱微弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞相结合治疗宽颈颅内动脉瘤技术的临床应用价值。方法采用Neuroform支架与GDC结合栓塞治疗30例基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤（基底动脉末端动脉瘤16例、基底动脉千9例、基底动脉起始部5例），30例后交通宽颈动脉瘤，5例椎动脉宽颈动脉瘤。通过微导管释放Neuroform支架覆盖动脉瘤瘤颈，将另一微导管通过支架网孔进入动脉瘤腔以GDC栓塞动脉瘤。结果全部病例采用Neuroform支架结合GDC栓塞，支架均顺利通过载瘤动脉，覆盖瘤颈，其中60例致密栓塞，5例部分栓塞。2例术中发生支架内血栓。全部患者均恢复良好出院。42例术后3～6个月血管造影随访，其中39例致街栓塞的动脉瘤均未显影，载瘤动脉通畅；3例动脉瘤颈有残留。结论Neuroform颅内支架使用方便、安全，适用于颅内宽颈动脉瘤的支架辅助GDC栓塞。     

Neuroform支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的对比研究

目的:通过对比分析207例Neuroform支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞的颅内宽颈动脉瘤,为临床选用Neuroform支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤提供参考.方法:207例颅内宽颈动脉瘤中,129例采用Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,78例采用球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞.术后3个月-5年进行改良Rankin量表评分....     

新型自膨式颅内支架Enterprise在西藏高原治疗宽颈破裂颅内动脉瘤中的应用

目的总结在西藏高原地区利用新型颅内专用支架Enterprise经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的宽颈颅内动脉瘤的疗效及围手术期的处理。方法 6例破裂出血的颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者均行数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查确诊,并根据动脉瘤的特点实施个性化血管内介入治疗,其中5例行支架辅助铂金弹簧圈栓塞术,1例行单纯支架贴敷术。结果 6例中完全栓塞4例,次全栓塞1例,单纯支架贴敷1例。术中复查DSA显示：动脉瘤显影消失5例,单纯支架置入后瘤腔内对比剂滞留1例。1例术后出现对侧肢体偏瘫（肌力0级）,经治疗后,肌力恢复（上肢V-级、下肢V级）。除术前Hunt＆HessⅣ级、Glasgow4分的1例因继发肺部感染、脑积水恢复至Hunt＆HessⅢ级、Glasgow 7分继续留院治疗外,其余5例均恢复正常。门诊随访1～5个月,无再出血或缺血事件发生。结论高原地区利用Enterprise经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的宽颈颅内动脉瘤是安全、有效、可行的,但围手术期的抗凝及抗血小板聚集治疗需注意高原低氧因素的影响。     

Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效

目的评价Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效。方法2007年至2011年应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞118例脑动脉瘤,其中86例为破裂出血性动脉瘤,32例为未破裂动脉瘤,76例在出血72 h内实施了治疗。术后对患者进行脑血管造影和临床随访。结果支架准确释放115例(97.5%),因为血管扭曲和痉挛失败植入支架1例,支架移位2例。实施单纯支架植入2例,采用微导管经支架网眼技术66例,支架后释放技术49例。术后即刻造影示动脉瘤完全栓塞87例(74.4%),次全栓塞30例(25.6%)。术中无动脉瘤破裂出血事件发生,术后症状性脑梗死3例,无症状性脑梗死5例。术后随访6～60个月,平均26.8个月,共随访到105例,复查1～5次脑血管造影,完全栓塞99例(84.6%),次全栓塞病例中11例(36.7%)存在血栓形成;9例(7.7%)瘤体复发,其中5例进行了再次治疗达到完全栓塞,术后所有患者均无再出血,除3例外,所有患者支架内无明显狭窄。结论 Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效,仍需更长期的随访和多中心研究。     

Treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms with a self-expanding stent system: initial clinical experience

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Currently available stents for intracranial use usually are balloon-expandable coronary stents that carry the risk of damaging a dysplastic segment of the artery, with potential vessel rupture. We assessed the technical feasibility and efficacy of the combined application of a flexible, self-expanding neurovascular stent and detachable coils in the management of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms in humans. METHODS: Four consecutive patients with a wide-necked intracranial aneurysm were treated with a combined approach that consisted of delivery of a flexible self-expanding neurovascular stent through a microcather to cover the neck of the aneurysm and subsequent filling of the aneurysm with coils through the stent interstices. The aneurysms were located at the internal carotid artery (n=2) and the basilar tip encroaching the P1 segment (n=2). Previous attempts with conventional endosaccular coil packing alone failed in all cases. RESULTS: Stent placement in the desired position with complete or nearly complete occlusion of the aneurysms was feasible in all patients. In one patient, aneurysm perforation with the microcatheter occurred and necessitated ventricular drainage, which led to a large parenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage because of the strong anticoagulation regimen. Six-month follow-up demonstrated no focal neurologic sequelae in any of the patients, except slight memory dysfunction in the patient with bleeding. CONCLUSION: Preliminary data demonstrate that this extremely flexible stent is technically easy to deploy and can be easily and safely maneuvered through severely tortuous vessels, enabling the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms. The combination of endovascular reconstruction of the parent vessel with use of a self-expanding stent followed by coil embolization offers a promising therapeutic alternative for wide-necked aneurysms not amenable to coil embolization alone. Although immediate angiographic results are promising, long-term angiographic and clinical follow-up is essential to determine permanent vessel patency and aneurysm occlusion rate.     

Treatment of intracranial broad-neck aneurysms with a new self-expanding stent and coil embolization

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment of broad-neck intracranial aneurysms with detachable coils requires special techniques. Placement of a stent over the aneurysm neck and secondary coil embolization prevents coil migration and allows attenuated packing of the coils. However, access for the stent-delivery system can be technically limited in tortuous anatomy. We present six cases of broad-neck aneurysms treated with a new self-expanding stent and coil embolization. METHODS: Three aneurysms of the supraophthalmic internal carotid artery and three aneurysms of the basilar tip with extension to the origin of a posterior cerebral artery were treated. The stent was a new self-expanding stent with a 3F over-the-wire microcatheter delivery system. Coil embolization was performed with electrolytically detachable coils. Time-of-flight MR angiography was performed after treatment in five cases. Three other patients could not be treated with the stent because deployment was not possible after correct positioning of the delivery system. RESULTS: Access with the stent-delivery system was easy, and the aneurysm neck was covered sufficiently. After stent placement, total coil embolization was achieved in four and subtotal coil embolization was achieved in two. Parent arteries remained open, and no secondary coil migration was seen. On follow-up MR imaging, the stent was clearly visible and patency of the parent vessel and emerging branches was assessable. CONCLUSION: This new stent is a safe and efficient tool for the endovascular treatment of intracranial broad-neck aneurysms. Access to smaller vessels was easy, but the mechanism of deployment had to be improved. Follow-up MR imaging was sufficient.     

弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤危急事件中支架的应用

目的 探讨在血管内弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤过程中出现弹簧圈移位、突出或脱出和解旋等危急事件的原因及支架应用的价值.方法 回顾性分析12例弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤出现危急事件的病例,其中9例为宽颈动脉瘤;10例出现动脉瘤破裂出血;2例动脉瘤最大径为5 ～ 12 mm,7例为3 ～ 5 mm,3例＜ 3 mm;造影和临床随访超过1...     

Combined stent implantation and endosaccular coil placement for treatment of experimental wide-necked aneurysms: a feasibility study in swine.

PURPOSETo assess the feasibility of combining stent implantation in the parent artery with endosaccular coil placement for the treatment of experimentally created wide-necked aneurysms.METHODSWide-necked aneurysms were surgically created on the common carotid artery in 12 swine. A metal stent was endovascularly implanted across each aneurysm neck and its effect documented anigiographically. If the aneurysm remained patent, a microcatheter was introduced into the aneurysm through the stent mesh. Electrically detachable coils were delivered into the aneurysm sac to produce thrombosis.RESULTSAfter stent implantation, one carotid artery thrombosed and two aneurysms spontaneously occluded. In the other 9 cases, coils were deposited through the stent to occlude the aneurysm. Complete aneurysm packing was possible in all 9 cases. The presence of the stent allowed placement of small coils near the aneurysm neck, thus contributing to the safe occlusion of small remnants in the final stages of aneurysm packing.CONCLUSIONThe combination of stent implantation and coil placement is feasible in the treatment of experimental wide-necked saccular aneurysms. The stent maintains patency of the parent artery while allowing aneurysm occlusion by endosaccular coil placement through the stent''s mesh. Occlusion of small aneurysm remnants is possible with no fear of coil hernation or migration into the parent artery. Long-term studies will be necessary before application to treatment of selected intracranial aneurysms.     

支架辅助GDC治疗颅内动脉瘤术中并发症的防治

目的 回顾总结血管内支架治疗颅内动脉瘤术中并发症，以提高使用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内夹层及宽颈动脉瘤的安全性。方法 105例难治性动脉瘤，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填入GDC。结果 6例患者术中出现支架移位，1例发生动脉瘤破裂出血，1例发生大脑中动脉穿支出血，1例发生支架塌陷，1例发生颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤，1例弹簧圈突入小脑后下动脉(PICA)起始部，10例发生血管痉挛，经对症处理，预后良好。结论 在支架植入过程中，联合采用多种措施可减少并发症的发生；支架和GDC联合应用治疗颅内夹层及宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

Overlapping stent-supported coil embolization of wide-neck basilar tip aneurysm: technical case reports

We report two cases in which wide-neck basilar aneurysms were treated with overlapping stent-supported coil embolization. This overlapping technique ensures complete stent interface with the aneurysm neck and likely improves long-term outcomes. We demonstrated the feasibility of this novel technique and suggest its application for other bifurcation aneurysms requiring stent-supported coil embolization.     

Retrograde stenting through the posterior cerebral artery in coil embolization of the posterior communicating artery aneurysm

Introduction

Protection techniques using stents or balloons are occasionally limited in coil embolization of wide-necked posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms in which the PcomA originated from the aneurysm neck at an acute angle. Here, we present two cases undergoing retrograde stenting through the posterior cerebral artery in coil embolization of the PcomA aneurysms.

Methods

To perform retrograde stenting, a microcatheter used for stent delivery was advanced from the vertebral artery (VA) to the terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) via the ipsilateral P1 and the PcomA. The aneurysm sac was selected with another microcatheter for coil delivery through the ipsilateral ICA. Coil embolization was performed under the protection of a stent placed from the terminal ICA to the PcomA.

Results

Deployment of the stent was successful in both aneurysms treated using retrograde stenting by the VA approach. Coil deployment was performed through the jailed microcatheter at first. The microcatheter was repositioned through the stent struts later in one case and another microcatheter was inserted into the sac through the stent struts in the other case. Both aneurysms were occluded properly with the coils without procedure-related complications.

Conclusion

By providing complete neck coverage, retrograde stenting for coil embolization in wide-necked PcomA aneurysms seems to be a good alternative treatment strategy, when the aneurysms are incorporating extended parts of the PcomA, and the PcomA and P1 are big enough to allow passage of the microcatheter for delivery of the stent. However, this technique should be reserved for those cases with the specific vascular anatomy.