Specimen collection and transport

The approach to the collection and transport of meaningful and accurate microbiologic specimens depends upon the nature of the suspected infectious entity and upon the location of the pathogenic process, as well as the possession of appropriate instrumentation and containers. New information and newly developed collection-transport materials have improved the potential for the successful collection and isolation of pathogenic micro-organisms.     

Methodology for pathogen collection

Provision of investigations with collection pathogen cultures must ensure the adequacy of the properties of museum cultures to the characteristics of their natural prototypes. The standard preparation of collection cultures by the protocols that is optimal to preserve the original properties of a natural pathogen population, all other things being equal, assures the compatibility of the results of studies irrespective of the place and time of their performance, i.e. their continuity. The original biological properties of microorganisms can be preserved under laboratory conditions when the minimum number of enrichment and restorative culture passages is made using the biological objects that have a minimum impact on the geno- and phenotype of specific culture strains. To unifying approaches to identifying stored and incoming pathogens, to standardize the principles of identification, passport issuing, long-term preservation of the original biological properties of the reference cultures of strains, and to set up a system for the interdepartmental information support of collection tasks are problem areas for the creation of a common federal collection of microorganisms.     

Quality management of blood collection

The objective of the quality management in the blood transfusion service is the continuous improvement of the quality of the processes and the products related to the blood donation of the blood donors, the production of the blood components and the transfusion of the blood products to the recipients. The efficacy, the safety and the efficiency of the blood transfusion processes requires that the personnel is educated and trained, that processes are described in standard operating procedures and that these procedures are followed up. When the concept of quality and the improvement of quality is in the mind of all working in the field of blood transfusion medicine, the quality of the blood transfusion service will go upwards, the donors will feel themselves respectfully treated and rewarded, the blood products will become more efficacious and safe, and the patients will receive the best products available. Quality management of blood collection implies the processes on donor recruitment, donor handling and donor vigilance, and the process of donation and screening. For all processes in blood collection, quality indicators should be defined and these data should be monitored, collated, analysed, reported and used in order to improve the quality of the processes.     

Capillary blood collection in haematology

A capillary blood collection technique which facilitates the estimation of routine haematological parameters, including platelet count and sedimentation rate, is described. The technique requires 0·5 ml of blood, allows closer reproducibility than pipette collection methods, is suitable for monitoring blood counts in patients receiving cytotoxic agents, and can be integrated with semi-and fully-automated production lines.     

A new sperm collection method for in-vitro fertilization: collection at tail of epididymis.

We have developed a method for the collection of spermatozoa from the tail of the epididymis in patients with severe asthenozoospermia. The treatment was applied to 25 cycles, of which 16 cycles provided spermatozoa in good condition with concentration and motility greater than 50 x 10(4)/ml and greater than 50% respectively. Spermatozoa thus obtained were subjected to IVF in 11 cycles and to ZIFT in five cycles; five IVF cases reached cleavage and two of those cases resulted in pregnancy. Two of the five ZIFT cases also achieved a pregnancy. Despite limits on frequency, the sperm collection process is thought to be very useful for the treatment of severe asthenozoospermia.     

New saliva DNA collection method compared to buccal cell collection techniques for epidemiological studies.

Epidemiological studies may require noninvasive methods for off-site DNA collection. We compared the DNA yield and quality obtained using a whole-saliva collection device (Oragene DNA collection kit) to those from three established noninvasive methods (cytobrush, foam swab, and oral rinse). Each method was tested on 17 adult volunteers from our center, using a random crossover collection design and analyzed using repeated-measures statistics. DNA yield and quality were assessed via gel electrophoresis, spectophotometry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification rate. The whole-saliva method provided a significantly greater DNA yield (mean +/- SD = 154.9 +/- 103.05 microg, median = 181.88) than the other methods (oral rinse = 54.74 +/- 41.72 microg, 36.56; swab = 11.44 +/- 7.39 microg, 10.72; cytobrush = 12.66 +/- 6.19, 13.22 microg) (all pairwise P < 0.05). Oral-rinse and whole-saliva samples provided the best DNA quality, whereas cytobrush and swab samples provided poorer quality DNA, as shown by lower OD(260)/OD(280) and OD(260)/OD(230) ratios. We conclude that both a 10-ml oral-rinse sample and 2-ml whole-saliva sample provide sufficient DNA quantity and better quality DNA for genetic epidemiological studies than do the commonly used buccal swab and brush techniques.     

甲状腺肿瘤患者样本采集、处理、储存和信息采集规范

前言本文件按照GB/T 1.1-2020《标准化工作导则第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规则起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。本文件由中国医药生物技术协会提出并归口。本文件起草单位:浙江省人民医院、中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院(浙江省肿瘤医院)、中国医药生物技术协会组织生物样本库分会甲状腺肿瘤学组、中国抗癌协会甲状腺癌专委会。     

The anatomy of a collection.

An old collection of 81 congenitally malformed hearts was examined in detail using the system of sequential segmental analysis. The specimens were almost entirely from infants and young children who had died during the two decades between 1954 and 1973. There had been surgical intervention in 26 cases, and most of these patients died during or shortly after the operation. The various anomalies are listed, and the pattern of prevalence is contrasted to that of present-day collections. Among the many interesting specimens there was a fine example of one of the rarest of cardiac anomalies, a criss-cross arrangement of atrioventricular connections. The collection, as an entity, gives an interesting historical insight of the state of congenital heart disease during the early years of the development of cardiac surgery.     

Comparison of vaginal cytokine collection methods

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to correlate the interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations detected in patient-collected specimens with provider-collected specimens and compare the reproducibility of the methods. STUDY DESIGN: All enrolled participants underwent pelvic examination with collection of cytokine samples by the provider and also collected samples themselves using vaginal swabs. The order of sample collection was randomly assigned. All samples were frozen at -80 degrees C for batch analysis. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentrations of IL-6 in all samples. RESULTS: IL-6 concentrations from wicks and swabs were correlated in a linear fashion (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). IL-6 concentrations in the two swabs (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) and the two wicks (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) were correlated in a linear fashion, although there was more variability in wick specimens. CONCLUSION: IL-6 concentrations can be reproducibly measured using either method. The ease of patient swab collection and the correlation with provider-collected specimens may make frequent assessment of the vaginal cytokine environment more acceptable to patients.     

生物信息学电子文档收编及优化检索的实现

生物信息学涉及生物、化学、物理、数学、计算机和互联网应用等多方面知识,要从事这个领域的研究工作,必须掌握更多的各方面知识.目前该领域的很多资料和文献在网上以电子文档的形式存在.电子文档能够包含比常规的文档包含更广泛,更丰富的内容,对电子文档的收编整理能大大节省文档的搜索时间,并能提供更专业,更有效的检索结果,为科研工作服务.本文论述了建立包括电子文档的收集,标注,优化检索的一个方案,检索结果按照文档和检索条件的相似程度分级列出.实践证明,该系统能够有效的提供生物信息学专业信息的管理和检索.     

Preservation and collection of biological evidence

As the courts have placed greater emphasis on physical evidence during the past few decades, the initial stages of evidence examination have become increasingly important to the successful resolution of many criminal investigations. This emphasis on evidence collection and preservation is often manifested by many rigorous court challenges. This article reviews how the ability to introduce DNA test results in court is affected by methods used to recognize, document, collect, and preserve biological evidence.