Occupational injuries among adolescents in Washington State, 1988–1991

Background To characterize work-related injuries and illnesses in minors. Methods We analyzed Washington State workers' compensation claims from 1988 through 1991. Results There were 17,800 claims among adolescents from age 11 through 17 years accepted in the 4-year period, including three occupational fatalities, 22 amputations, and 464 fractures; 89% of all injuries occurred among the 16- and 17-year-olds. Claims were most frequent in restaurants, food stores, service industry, other retail and wholesale trade, and agriculture. Washington State census data were used for the denominator in calculating injury rates for adolescents and adults. The crude injury rate for 16- and 17-year-olds employed at the time of the census was similar to that seen among adults (9.0 vs.10.4 per 100 workers), despite that minors work fewer hours per year. The rate among boys was almost twice that seen among girls (11.7 vs. 6.4 per 100 workers). Highest rates, per 100 workers, were in public administration (27.0), construction (21.1), agriculture (11.4), and restaurants (11.0). Using census data for those working anytime over the course of the year and adjusted for the number of hours worked, the injury rate for 16- and 17-year-olds was 19.4/100 full-time equivalents compared with 10.6 of 100 full-time equivalents for adults. Most injuries were lacerations, sprains and strains, contusions, and burns. Conclusions Public health policy and injury prevention strategies for working adolescents should be developed and implemented. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:121–132, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The demographic and contextual correlates of work‐related repetitive strain injuries among canadian men and women

Background

The study sought to identify gender differences in work‐related repetitive strain injuries (RSI), as well as examine the degree to which non‐work factors such as family roles interact with gender to modify RSI risk. Another aim is to examine whether there are potential provincial differences in work‐related RSI risk.

Methods

The 2003/2005 Canadian Community Health Survey included over 89,000 respondents who reported working in the past 12 months. Separate multi‐level models for men and women were used to identify the correlates of work‐related RSIs.

Results

Women reported sustaining more work‐related RSIs than men. Also, having one or more children in the household was associated with lower work‐related RSI risk for females. Both men and women in British Columbia reported higher work‐related RSI rates than in Ontario.

Conclusions

Gender contributes to RSI risk in multiple and diverse ways based on labor market segregation, non‐work exposures, and possibly biological vulnerability, which suggests more tailored interventions. Also, the provincial differences indicate that monitoring and surveillance of work injury across jurisdictions can assist in province‐wide prevention and occupational health and safety evaluation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1180–1189, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multi–source surveillance for work‐related crushing injuries

Background

Work‐related crushing injuries are serious but preventable. For 2013 through 2015, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) reported 1260 crushing injuries in Michigan. In 2013, Michigan initiated multi‐data source surveillance of work‐related crushing injuries.

Methods

Records from all 134 of Michigan's hospitals/emergency departments (EDs), the Workers Compensation Agency (WCA) and Michigan's Fatality Assessment Control and Evaluation (MIFACE) program were used to identify work‐related crushing injuries. Companies, where individuals were hospitalized or had an ED visit for a crushing injury, potentially had an OSHA enforcement inspection conducted.

Results

From 2013 through 2015, there were 3137 work‐related crushing injury incidents, including two fatalities. The Michigan OSHA program completed inspections at 77 worksites identified by the surveillance system.

Conclusion

The Michigan multisource surveillance system identified two and a half times more crushing injuries than BLS and was useful for initiating case‐based enforcement inspections.

     

Employer knowledge of federal requirements for recording work‐related injuries and illnesses: Implications for occupational injury surveillance data

Background

Accuracy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) data is dependent on employer compliance with workplace injury and illness recordkeeping requirements. Characterization of employer recordkeeping can inform efforts to improve the data.

Methods

We interviewed representative samples of SOII respondents from four states to identify common recordkeeping errors and to assess employer characteristics associated with limited knowledge of the recordkeeping requirements and non compliant practices.

Results

Less than half of the establishments required to maintain OSHA injury and illness records reported doing so. Few establishments knew to omit cases limited to diagnostic services (22%) and to count unscheduled weekend days as missed work (27%). No single state or establishment characteristic was consistently associated with better or worse record‐keeping.

Conclusion

Many employers possess a limited understanding of workplace injury recordkeeping requirements, potentially leading them to over‐report minor incidents, and under‐report missed work cases.

     

Fatal and nonfatal injuries related to violence in Washington workplaces, 1992

This study describes injuries related to assaults and violence that occurred in Washington State workplaces in 1992. Nonfatal injuries are emphasized. High-risk industries and occupations are described. Fatalities caused by work-related violence were identified using the 1992 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Nonfatal injuries were identified using the BLS Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and the Washington State workers' compensation system. Thirteen occupational fatalities resulted from assaults or violent acts in 1992. BLS data identified 784 nonfatal injuries that resulted in one or more day off work; workers' compensation data identified 2,395 claims. Industries experiencing the highest claim rates were Social Services (148 per 10,000) and Health Services (106 per 10,000). Nonfatal violent injuries were common and appeared to have different risk factors than fatal injuries. Industries in which injuries occurred were often predictable and suggested specific strategies for prevention efforts. © 1996 Wiley-Liss. Inc.     

苏州市9～17岁儿童青少年睡眠时间及血压偏高的关系研究

目的 了解苏州市9～17岁儿童青少年睡眠时间与血压的关系,为儿童高血压综合防控提供依据。方法 2020年9—12月采用分层整群抽样方法,对苏州市2 903名9～17岁儿童青少年进行问卷调查,测量其身高、体重及血压等。结果 2 903名儿童青少年中,男生1 500名(占比51.67%),血压偏高413人(检出率14.23%),睡眠不足的学生共1 762名(检出率60.70%)。睡眠不足者中血压偏高率为16.00%,高于睡眠充足者(11.48%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.612,P=0.001),睡眠不足儿童青少年的收缩压z评分、舒张压z评分分别为0.34、0.25,睡眠充足者分别为0.24、0.20,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.564、2.193,P均＜0.05)。调整相关因素后,logistic回归分析显示,与睡眠不足者相比,睡眠充足者发生血压偏高的风险增加32.9%(OR=1.329,95%CI:1.038～1.701)。按照性别、年龄段分层分析发现,男生组(OR=1.480,95%CI:1.079～2.029)、12～14岁组(OR=1.616,95%CI:1.113～2.345)中睡眠不足增加血压偏高发生风险。结论 苏州市儿童青少年睡眠时长不足可能是血压偏高的影响因素之一,应保证儿童青少年充足睡眠时间。     

Day type and the relationship between weight status and sleep duration in children and adolescents

Objective: This study aimed to explore sleep duration in young Australians on different types of days across weight classes. Methods: Use of time and anthropometric data were collected on 8,866 nights from 3,884 9–18 year old Australians. The association between sleep duration and weight status was examined using factorial ANOVA for four day types: S‐S (to bed and waking on school days); S‐NS (to bed on school day and waking on non‐school day); NS‐NS (to bed and waking on non‐school days); NS‐S (to bed on non‐school day and waking on school day). Results: Sleep duration varied with weight status when all day types were considered together (p=0.0012). Obese adolescents slept less than normal and underweight adolescents. However, the relationship varied for different day types; with the strongest relationship for NS‐S days (on which obese children slept 65 min less than very underweight children, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The association between weight status and sleep duration showed consistent gradients across weight categories, but only for certain day types. Implications: These patterns cast light on the direction of causation in the obesity‐sleep duration relationship. Findings suggest that short sleep duration contributes to obesity, or that a third unidentified factor has an impact on both.