关于胃癌TNM分期系统中最少淋巴结检出数目的研究

目的研究国际抗癌联盟(UICC)和美国癌症联合会(AJCC)对胃癌TNM分期系统中准确分期的最少检出淋巴结数目。方法回顾性收集436例行胃癌根治术的患者淋巴结数目、生存率等临床和病理资料,通过卡方检验和q检验方法对其进行分析。结果在pN0病例中,送检淋巴结1～4个,5～9个的病例,比10～14个和15个以上的5年生存率低且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。10～14个检出淋巴结的病例与15个以上的5年生存率差别无统计学意义。在pN1,pN2患者,送检1～4个,5～9个和10～14个淋巴结者与15个以上者的生存率差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ期中检出10～19个淋巴结的患者,其5年生存率明显低于20～29个及30个以上的患者,在Ⅲ期中,检出5～9,10～19,20～29个淋巴结者生存率显著低于30个以上的生存率(P<0.05)。结论淋巴结检出数目在胃癌pN分期中显著影响预后。pN0的最少检出数目应由原来的15个减至10个。而有淋巴结转移的病例至少应送检15个以上淋巴结。Ⅱ期病例最好检出20个淋巴结,而Ⅲ、Ⅳ期最好检出30个以上淋巴结。     

第8版国际抗癌联盟和美国癌症联合委员会胃癌TNM分期系统简介及解读

目前胃癌的TNM分期已经成为临床胃癌诊疗的首选参考依据。在国际抗癌联盟(UICC)、国际胃癌协会(IGCA)和美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)的共同协作推动下,通过对全世界范围内胃癌大数据的收集与分析,于2016年10月颁布了第8版胃癌TNM分期系统。第8版TNM分期系统对食管-胃结合部及贲门癌分期标准的选择做出了明确的定义;同时还在单一分期系统的基础上新增了临床TNM分期(cTNM)和新辅助治疗后分期(ypTNM)。此外,新版的分期系统将N3的两个亚组N3a和N3b作为独立组别纳入到分期系统,还对组织学分级进行了一些调整。总的来说,相比第7版胃癌TNM分期系统,新版的分期系统可以指导临床医生更加合理地制定治疗方案,更加科学地评价治疗效果,更加准确地评估预后。然而,随着临床广泛应用和进一步验证,以及新的预测因子的发现,必将会有新的分期系统替代和完善旧的分期系统。     

Prediction of survival in gastric carcinoma related to lymph node grading by the new American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union International Contre le Cancer System or the Japanese system.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the classification of gastric cancer adopted by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Union International contre le Cancer (AJCC/UICC) (number of nodes involved) with the Japanese classification (sites of nodes involved). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Turkey. SUBJECTS: 134 consecutive patients whose gastric cancer was treated by D2 resection. INTERVENTIONS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox's regression model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Accuracy of prognosis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in survival rates when pN1 and pN2 categories of the AJCC/UICC classification were subdivided into the n1 and n2 categories of the Japanese classification. However, when those in the n1 and n2 categories of the Japanese classification were subdivided into the pN1, pN2 and pN3 categories of the AJCC/UICC classification, survival differed significantly (p = 0.00001). When both classifications were combined in a multivariate analysis the pN category of the AJCC/UICC classification was found to be the most significant independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Classification of lymph node status by number of nodes (AJCC/UICC) rather than anatomical site (Japanese) gives a more accurate prognosis.     

The number of metastatic lymph nodes: a promising prognostic determinant for gastric carcinoma in the latest edition of the TNM classification

Background: The number of metastatic regional lymph nodes determines the new pN categories in the 5th edition of the TNM classification.

Study Design: Our retrospective study was conducted to compare the new method of defining lymph node status with the conventional classification, consisting of the anatomic extent of lymph node metastases, a well-established prognostic factor. The study was based on clinical data for 493 patients with gastric carcinomas who underwent potentially curative operations and had histologically confirmed nodal metastases. These patients were stratified into 1) n categories according to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma, 2) the new pN categories, and 3) the pN categories determined by the number of metastatic perigastric nodes resected by standard D1 gastrectomy. Survival data were analyzed for each group.

Results: The number of metastatic nodes after D2 lymphadenectomy reflected prognosis well and was shown by multivariate analysis to be a strong independent prognostic factor. When the classification was performed limited to the metastatic perigastric nodes, stage migration was evident, but the variable remained competent as a prognostic indicator.

Conclusions: The number of metastatic nodes is a promising determinant in the new international stage classification.     

Influence of the number of lymph nodes examined on staging of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: Nodal staging for gastric cancer according to the 1997 Union Internacional Contra la Cancrum tumour node metastasis classification is based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of lymph nodes examined affected staging of gastric cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 4789 consecutive patients with gastric cancer, who had undergone curative resection (R0) from 1986 to 1995. Patients were classified according to the number of nodes examined. The number of metastatic lymph nodes and stage-stratified survival were compared. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the number of metastatic lymph nodes and survival in stage IIIA between patients with 15 or more lymph nodes and those with fewer than 15 nodes. In analysis restricted to patients with 15 or more nodes, stage-stratified survival did not vary significantly with lymph node yields for any stage except IIIB, in which there was a significant difference between the subgroup with fewer than 20 examined lymph nodes and patients with 35 or more nodes. CONCLUSION: The number of lymph nodes examined did not significantly affect node staging of gastric cancer as long as at least 15 nodes were examined. For stage IIIB, more than 15 lymph nodes may be required for optimal staging.     

The New American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer Staging System for Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach: Increased Complexity without Clear Improvement in Predictive Accuracy

Purpose

To evaluate the changes in the 7th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for stomach cancer compared to the 6th edition; to compare the predictive accuracy of the two staging systems.

Methods

In a combined database containing 2,196 patients who underwent an R0 resection for gastric adenocarcinoma, differences between the two staging systems were evaluated and stage-specific survival estimates compared. Concordance probability and Brier scores were estimated for both systems to examine the predictive accuracy.

Results

Nodal status cutoff values were changed, leading to a more even distribution for the redefined N1, N2, and N3 group. AJCC 6th edition stage II reflected a highly heterogeneous population, which is now adequately subdivided in the AJCC 7th edition into stages IIA, IIB, and IIIA. The predictive accuracy of N classification improved significantly as measured by concordance. Despite increased complexity, the predictive accuracy of AJCC 7th stage grouping was significantly worse than that of the AJCC 6th edition.

Discussion

The increased complexity of the 7th edition staging system is accompanied by improvements in the predictive value of nodal staging as compared to the 6th edition, but it was no better in overall stage-specific predictive accuracy. Future refinements of the tumor, node, metastasis staging system should consider whether increased complexity is balanced by improved prognostic accuracy.     

Prognostic Evaluation of the New American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis of 112 Cirrhotic Patients Resected for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background In 2002, the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer redefined the T-classification for hepatocellular carcinoma, shifting the cutoff value for tumor size from 2 to 5 cm and giving more emphasis to vascular invasion.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 223 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma observed between 1990 and 2002. One hundred twelve were resected and considered for retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on several clinicopathologic variables. After classification according to each staging system, the long-term survival of different stages was compared. The prognostic value of each staging system was further evaluated by entering each stage, in turn, into the Cox regression model with other clinicopathologic variables. The median follow-up was 19 months.Results On multivariate analysis, the viral etiology of cirrhosis and the presence of multiple nodules were independent prognostic factors. When the new staging system was entered into the multivariate analysis, it was the only independent factor (P = .02). When stratified according to the old tumor-node-metastasis system, there were no significant differences in the survival between stage I and II (P = .14) or between stage IIIA and IVA (P = .33); only the survival of stage II and IIIA was different (P < .01). When stratified according to the new tumor-node-metastasis system, there were significant differences between stage I and II (71.7% vs. 54.7%; P = .02).Conclusions The new staging system is a more reliable and objective method for T classification. It is easy to use in clinical practice and is better at stratifying curatively resected patients with respect to prognosis.Published by Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. © 2005 The Society of Surgical Oncology, Inc.     

结直肠癌病检淋巴结数目与TNM分期及预后的关系

目的 探讨病检淋巴结数目与结直肠癌分期及预后的关系.方法 将567例结直肠癌患者根据术后病检的淋巴结数目分为3个组:≤6枚、7～11枚、≥12枚组,比较各组5年生存率的差别.TNM分期(Ⅰ～Ⅳ期)分别以病检淋巴结数目分为<12枚和≥12枚两组,比较各分期中两组的5年生存率的差别,分析预后相关因素.5年生存率的比较采用Kaplan-Meier法并经Log-rank检验,预后多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型.结果 567例平均病检淋巴结数目为(16.75±9.88)枚,病检淋巴结数目分别为≤6枚,7～11枚,≥12枚时,结直肠癌5年生存率各为32.3%(21/65),43.8%(53/121),57.7%(220/381),单因素分析表明,病检淋巴结数目≥12枚的结直肠癌5年生存率明显高于其他两组(≤6枚,7～11枚)(P<0.05).<12枚、≥12枚淋巴结两组在Ⅰ期或Ⅳ期的结直肠癌5年生存率无明显差别(89.5%vs.89.1%,8.0%vs.18.2%,P>0.05),而≥12枚淋巴结的Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期5年生存率明显高于<12枚(71.1%vs.32.6%,48.8%vs.30.0%,P<0.05),多因素COX回归模型分析表明,病检淋巴结数目是Ⅱ、Ⅲ期结直肠癌独立的预后因素.结论 病检的淋巴结数目主要通过影响Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的预后与结直肠癌总5年生存率明显相关,是Ⅱ、Ⅲ期结直肠癌独立的预后因素.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationship between the number of examined lymph nodes and the prognosis of colorectal cancer by TNM stage. Methods According to the number of examined lymph nodes, 567 patients of colorectal carcinoma who underwent resection were divided into three groups: ≤ 6,7-11 and ≥ 12, the 5-year overall survival rates of three groups were compared. For each TNM stage ( stage Ⅰ -Ⅳ ) , patients were substratified into two groups basing on the number of examined lymph nodes:<12 group and ≥12 group, the 5-year survival rates of two groups in each TNM stage were assessed, and prognostic factors of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ stage were analyzed. 5-year survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional models were used to conduct multivariate analyses of prognostic factors. Results The average number of examined lymph nodes was 16. 75 ±9. 88. With the patients grouped by the number of lymph nodes ( ≤6,7 -11 and ≥12 nodes) , the 5-year survival rate was 32. 3% , 43. 8% , and 57. 7% , the univariable analysis indicated that the 5-year survival rate of ≥ 12 examined nodes were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0. 05). There was no difference between two groups in the 5-year survival rates of stage Ⅰ or Ⅳ colorectal cancer (89. 5% vs.89. 1% ,8. 0% vs. 18. 2% , P>0. 05 ) , however, the 5-year survival rates of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer in ≥12 group were significantly higher than<12 group(71. 1% vs. 32. 6% ,48. 8% vs. 30. 0% ,P<0. 05) , multivariable analysis revealed that the number of lymph nodes examined was an independent factor of prognosis of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer. Conclusions The number of examined lymph nodes significantly influenced the 5-year overall survival rate of TNM stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer.     

The relationship between the number of examined lymph nodes and the efficacy of chemotherapy for gastric cancer

Surgery Today - The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the number of examined lymph nodes (eLNs) and the prognosis. A retrospective examination of reports and...     

Appraisal of compliance with the UICC/AJCC staging system in the staging of gastric cancer. Union Internacional Contra la Cancrum/American Joint Committee on Cancer

BACKGROUND: In the surgical management of gastric carcinoma, regional lymphatic spread is of prognostic importance. The fifth edition of the Union Internacional Contra la Cancrum classification has been shown to be reproducible, practical and of significant prognostic use. The tumour node metastasis (TNM) system requires at least 15 lymph nodes to be acquired and examined for staging to be accurate. This has raised concern over the consistency with which the requisite numbers of nodes would be acquired. This study was performed to assess how consistently surgically managed cases of gastric cancer in the West Midlands fulfilled this requirement to allow accurate staging. METHODS: Data from the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit on all cases of gastric cancer registered from 1998 to 1999 were obtained and the number of lymph nodes documented for each surgically managed case was assessed. RESULTS: Overall, only 31.0 per cent of surgically resected cases could be assessed accurately according to the TNM system. The proportion staged accurately varied widely across hospitals from 10.9 to 76.0 per cent. CONCLUSION: These results reflect the need for improved N staging across the region to aid the appropriate multimodal treatment of patients.