X线影像工作站在X线造影中的应用

目的　总结X线影像工作站在X线造影中的应用价值。方法　在透视下进行造影 ,用X线工作站采集和储存造影图像 ,打出图文一体的X线诊断报告。结果　全过程采集和储存各种造影图像 ,提供动态的造影图像。消除传统造影中的假阳性 ,减少了漏误诊 ,提高了诊断正确率。对图像进行后处理 ,打印图文一体的诊断报告 ,将X线造影图像传输或刻录到光盘 ,方便会诊、教学和学术交流。结论　X线影像工作站应用于X线造影中 ,实现了造影图像采集和储存 ,弥补了传统X线造影的不足。     

X线管短轴方向的X线强度分布探讨

目的:基于对称性器官X线照片影像左右两侧光学密度不对称的现象,解疑X线管短轴方向的X线强度分布是否相等。方法:在与X线管短轴方向平行的各照射野面积的中线上,设计一个中心测试点及若干内、外侧缘测试点,用表面剂量仪测试3组曝光条件下,各照射野面积内、外侧缘的平均接受剂量是否相等。结果:10cm×12.5cm、12.5cm×17.5cm、20cm×25cm、25cm×30cm照射野的内侧缘平均接受剂量依次为:2.47μGy、1.40μGy、2.10μGy及2.74μGy。外侧缘平均接受剂量依次为:14.26μGy、11.46μGy、19.61μGy及4.98μGy。结论:①3组曝光条件下,照射野面积不同,短轴方向上的平均接受剂量外侧缘均大于内侧缘;②因照射野短轴方向内、外侧缘的平均接受剂量不相等。所以,在X线管短轴方向上的X线强度分布不相等。     

Benchtop phase-contrast X-ray imaging

Clinical radiography has traditionally been based on contrast obtained from absorption when X-rays pass through the body. The contrast obtained from traditional radiography can be rather poor, particularly when it comes to soft tissue. A wide range of media of interest in materials science, biology and medicine exhibit very weak absorption contrast, but they nevertheless produce significant phase shifts with X-rays. The use of phase information for imaging purposes is therefore an attractive prospect. Some of the X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods require highly monochromatic plane wave radiation and sophisticated X-ray optics. However, the propagation-based phase-contrast imaging method adapted in this paper is a relatively simple method to implement, essentially requiring only a microfocal X-ray tube and electronic detection.

In this paper, we present imaging results obtained from two different benchtop X-ray sources employing the free space propagation method. X-ray phase-contrast imaging provides higher contrast in many samples, including biological tissues that have negligible absorption contrast.     

蜡油样骨病的X线诊断

目的探讨蜡油样骨病的x线表现特点。方法回顾性分析蜡油样骨病x线表现。结果9例中单侧骨骼8例,双侧骨骼1例。病变同时累及2块骨2例,累及3块骨2例,累及6块骨1例,累及7块骨2例,累及8块骨1例,累及9块骨1例。9例共累及47块骨,其中跖骨7块,掌骨5块,指骨4块,胫骨4块,桡骨4块,股骨3块,肱骨3块,豆状骨3块,舟状骨2块,肩胛骨2块,髂骨2块,距骨2块,尺骨1块,髌骨1块,跟骨1块,趾骨1块,骰骨1块,楔状骨1块。9例均见病变区域骨膜增生,骨皮质增厚,骨髓腔变窄或闭塞,骨小梁消失,其中骨干上新骨堆积呈波浪状4例,长管骨呈蜡泪样流淌状骨肥厚4例,软组织内斑片状或不规则钙化2例,软组织肿胀4例。结论本病X表现具有一定特点,常规x线检查可以建立诊断。     

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) set-up with a low power X-ray tube

The X-ray fluorescence set-up with a 100 W X-ray tube comprises a computer controlled system developed for remote operation and monitoring of tube and an adjustable stable 3D arrangement to procure variable excitation energies with low scattered background. The system was tested at different filament currents/anode voltages. The MDL of the set-up at 0.05–1.00 mA/4–12 kV is found ～(1–100) ppm for K and L excitations and ～(200–700) ppm for M excitations of elements and improves with filament current and anode voltage. Moreover, L measurements for Sm and Eu at five K X-ray energies of elements(Z=29–40) and analytical determination in some synthetic samples were undertaken.