北京市言语残疾人康复需求分析

目的考察北京市言语残疾人的康复需求情况。方法以北京市第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中355例言语残疾人为研究对象,调查其康复现状与需求。结果言语残疾人的康复形式以机构康复、社区和家庭服务为主;康复内容以康复训练与服务、医疗服务为主;不同年龄段、不同残疾等级的言语残疾人的康复需求存在差异。结论言语残疾人的康复训练意识有待提高,培养一批言语康复专业骨干是满足言语残疾人康复训练需求的基础。     

智力残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况研究

目的探讨智力残疾人的康复需求与康复服务发展状况,为开展智力残疾人精准康复服务工作提供支持。方法采用河南省2016年度全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求实名制专项调查数据,对其中167,872名智力残疾人,从医疗服务与救助、辅助器具和康复训练3个方面进行分析。结果 56.4%智力残疾人有康复需求,且不同年龄、户口性质和残疾等级的智力残疾人,康复需求有非常高度显著差异(χ2 976.42, P 0.001)。受人口统计学变量、家庭经济状况、交通状况、对相关知识和信息的了解等因素影响,仅有19.0%智力残疾人获得康复服务。结论智力残疾人康复服务需求大,康复服务覆盖率低。要加大对智力残疾人康复服务的供给,制定精准康复服务实施方案,提高智力残疾人康复服务质量。     

智力残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况Logistic回归分析研究

目的探讨智力残疾人的康复需求特点与康复服务发展状况及其影响因素。方法以250654名智力残疾人省级康复需求与康复服务实名制数据为样本数据,统计分析智力残疾人的康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况,Logistic回归分析其相关因素。结果在智力残疾人的康复需求报告中,报告率从高到低依次为护理47.8%、药物37.2%、功能训练26.1%、辅助器具19.8%和手术1.3%。智力残疾人报告获得的康复服务从高到低依次为护理43.5%、药物29.3%、功能训练27.2%、辅助器具19.6%和手术0.8%。根据Logistic回归模型发现,年龄和残疾等级对智力残疾人康复需求的报告与获得康复服务的概率存在显著影响(P<0.001)。结论智力残疾人康复需求主要表现为护理、药物和康复训练。接受的康复服务与康复需求具有相同的结构。由于智力残疾人功能的复杂性,重度或极重度残疾人更强调护理照料服务,轻度残疾人则需要功能训练。发展针对智力残疾人的康复服务,应该根据其智力功能和社会适应行为特点,开发康复服务项目,提供个别化的精准康复服务。     

重庆市智力残疾人康复情况分析

目的：了解重庆市智力残疾人的康复状况及其主要需求。方法：以重庆市第二次全国残疾人抽样调查确定的401例智力残疾人为研究对象,按智力残疾的分级进行评定,包括残疾人基本情况、致残原因、康复形式、康复内容、曾接受服务及主要需求等。结果：智力残疾人主要康复形式为社区和家庭服务,主要康复内容为康复训练与服务;主要需求是贫困救助与扶持。结论：加强社区医疗机构建设,提高社区医疗机构的医疗质量及康复训练与服务,是改善智力残疾人生存质量、减少残疾人数的重要手段。     

北京市肢体残疾人康复需求分析

目的 考察北京市肢体残疾人的康复需求情况.方法 以3006年全国残疾人抽样调查中北京市2390名肢体残疾人为研究对象,调查其康复现状与需求.结果 在康复形式上,54.85%的残疾人需要机构康复.38.20%的残疾人需要社区和家庭康复,6.95%的残疾人需要延伸服务(上门服务);康复内容方面.41.06%的残疾人需要医疗服务,30.70%的残疾人需要康复训练与服务,28.24%的残疾人需要辅助器具.结论 北京市肢体残疾人的康复需求多,需要采取多种措施解决.     

广州市残疾人康复需求调查分析

目的分析广州市六类残疾人的康复需求及影响因素。方法对全国第二次残疾人抽样调查中,广州地区符合残疾评定标准的633例残疾人进行康复医疗、康复训练指导、心理辅导、康复知识宣传、残疾人用品用具及转介服务六个方面的康复需求调查。结果633例残疾人中629例有康复需求,总康复需求率为99.36%,其中康复医疗需求337例(52.24%)、康复训练指导需求219例(34.60%)、心理辅导需求63例(9.95%)、康复知识宣传需求78例(12.32%)、残疾人用品用具需求210例(33.17%)、转介服务需求95例(15.00%)。结论应根据不同年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、残疾类别和残疾程度的残疾人有不同康复需求的特点,在社区内提供相应的康复服务和转介服务,满足各类残疾人的康复需求。     

中国残疾人康复需求与发展研究

目的研究中国残疾人的主要康复需求和康复服务发展状况。方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中康复需求与发展状况的数据进行统计分析,并就2006年至2016年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报有关康复的数据进行分析研究。结果我国残疾人的康复需求主要包括:医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务、贫困残疾人救助、无障碍设施、信息无障碍和其他康复需求。需求最高的是医疗服务与救助(34.84%)和贫困残疾人救助(33.25%)。不同残疾类别残疾人在康复需求上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=40322.1,P0.01)。在我国各类残疾中,有约41.46%的残疾人未曾接受过任何服务和救助,接受最多的服务是医疗服务与救助(30.45%),接受最少的是信息无障碍(0.55%)。专家为各类残疾人提供的康复形式建议主要集中在机构康复和社区与家庭服务;专家建议医疗服务作为精神残疾类(68.18%)和视力残疾类(60.28%)的主要康复内容,辅助器具作为听力残疾类(51.67%)的主要康复内容,康复训练与服务作为智力残疾类(57.36%)和言语残疾类(47.06%)的主要康复内容。不同残疾类别残疾人在专家为其提供的康复形式和康复内容上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=12489.9,χ~2=52528.93,P0.01)。结论中国残疾人的康复需求主要表现为医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务和贫困残疾人救助,不同类别残疾人康复需求存在差异;残疾人接受最多的是医疗服务与救助;中国残疾人得到的贫困残疾人救助与其需求差距最大;专家为不同类别残疾人建议的康复形式和康复内容存在差异。建议构建国家和地方康复政策支持体系和康复服务治理架构;以残疾人的康复需求为导向,提供精准康复服务;建立综合性康复服务体系,实现人人享有基本康复服务的目标;大力培养专业康复人员,提升康复服务提供能力和水平;运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》开展康复科学研究,为促进康复事业发展提供科学支持。     

湖北省视力残疾人的康复现状和需求调查分析

目的:了解湖北省视力残疾人接受康复的情况及康复需求.方法:对湖北省地区符合残疾评定标准的1142例视力残疾患者进行康复现状调查,内容包括①接受康复的项目:医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务;②康复需求:机构康复,延伸服务、社区和家庭服务等.结果:1142例视力残疾患者中接受过一种或以上康复服务469例(41.1%);对康复形式的需求中机构康复760例(66.6%),延伸服务53例(4.6%),社区和家庭服务329例(28.8%).对康复内容的需求中医疗服务与救助898例(78.6%),辅助器具276例(24.2%),康复训练与服务120例(10.5%).结论:对视力残疾患者应根据不同年龄、不同地区、残疾程度和不同康复需求,在医疗机构和社区内提供相应的康复服务,满足视力残疾患者的康复需求.     

河南省智力残疾人群的社会经济状况与发展需求研究

目的了解河南省智力残疾群体基本情况,为促进智力残疾群体同步小康提供相关支持。方法依据全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求专项调查结果,选取河南省53,620名登记残疾证的智力残疾人,对专项调查所得数据进行统计和分析。结果河南省智力残疾在残疾人群中占8.60%,平均年龄约为36.6岁,男性占61.3%,女性占38.7%。河南省智力残疾群体人均收入水平、受教育程度及就业率普遍偏低;在社会福利与补贴方面,大多数残疾人参加医疗保险(94.5%),享受医疗保险补贴(59.1%)。河南省智力残疾群体发展需求主要集中在特殊教育需求、实用技术培训、康复医疗需求、功能训练需求以及厨卫无障碍改造需求上。结论河南省智力残疾群体康复医疗服务有待提高,总体情况堪忧,智力残疾群体全方位、多层次的发展需求值得关注。     

海南省智力残疾抽样调查结果分析

目的 调查海南省智力残疾人的数量,结构和地区分布,及其康复,教育、劳动就业和参与社会生活等情况.方法 分析第二次哞:国残疾人抽样调查叶1智力残疾调查的结果.结果 调查总人数41214人,其中城镇人口14075人,农村人口27139;智力残疾的现患率为4.3‰;海南省各市县、农村和城市的现患率有显著性差异;智力残疾的年龄分布:0～6岁17‰,7～13岁6.3‰,>14岁2.3‰;智力低下分型:0～6岁组轻:重=2.3:1,>7岁组轻:重=1:1.5;有82.4%的智力残疾人未接受过任何服务或扶助,6.6%接受医疗服务与救助.1.2%接受过康复训练与服务,1.8%接受过贫困残疾人救助与扶持.结论 海南省0～6岁人群智力残疾情况严峻.康复和社会支持亟待加强.     

北京市成年智力残疾人职业康复效果及影响因素

目的 了解北京市成年智力残疾人职业康复效果及其影响因素.方法 对152名在职业康复站康复的成年智力残疾人进行问卷调查,内容包括成年智力残疾职业康复效果评价问卷、康复站工作人员照料行为问卷、成年智力残疾人不良行为问卷以及自设问卷等.结果 59人(38.82%)康复效果得分提高.影响康复效果的因素包括成年智力残疾人致残原因以及应对失态行为等.结论 成年智力残疾人参加有组织、有计划的职业训练非常必要,职业康复的关键是教师要掌握如何处理行为问题等相关专业知识和技巧.     

上海城区残疾人康复需求与服务现状分析

目的了解上海城区残疾人康复服务需求与服务现状。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法随机抽取上海市闸北区芷江街道,用问卷调查方式对该街道1074名持证残疾人的康复服务需求与服务利用现状进行调查。结果城区残疾人康复服务需求实现率为87.8%,90%的残疾人满意所获得的康复服务;33.3%-44.0%的残疾人其“辅助器具”服务需求得到实现;手术治疗、听力语言训练和视功能训练需求实现率分别为63.8%、82.2%和78.7%。结论应构建残疾人康复救助政策体系,加大辅助器具服务工作力度,加大对手术治疗、听力语言训练和视功能训练等服务的专业技术支撑。     

Psychological comorbidity in medical rehabilitation--the need for education

Purpose. Prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in rehabilitation patients is high. In spite of the bio-psycho-social approach in rehabilitation, recognition and treatment rates of comorbid mental disorders during rehabilitation are low. The purpose of the study was to raise specific information about current clinical practice concerning comorbid mental disorders and training needs of rehabilitation personnel.

Method. 435 questionnaires were sent out to medical personnel in 54 rehabilitation hospitals in south-west Germany.

Results. Psychologists in rehabilitation spend most of their time on counselling (45%) and group interventions (29%). Physicians and psychologists both feel highly responsible for recognizing mental disorders and motivating patients to seek aftercare. Screeners are rarely used by psychologists and physicians. Seventy-six percent of the participants would take part in specific training sessions. High training needs were stated for affective, anxiety and somatoform disorders. A specific training session for mental health in rehabilitation should last at least half a day and cover affective, anxiety and somatoform disorders.

Conclusions. Taking these results into account, it is possible to put together a training program in diagnostics of comorbid mental disorders, which fits the needs of the professionals.     

成年残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展研究

目的研究成年残疾人的残疾状况、主要康复需求特征、康复服务发展状况及其影响因素。方法以2019年度省级2315498名成年残疾人实名制数据为样本,运用多重响应分析统计成年残疾人的残疾状况,分析其康复需求特征和康复服务发展状况;Logistic回归分析影响康复需求与康复服务的相关因素。结果省级成年残疾人的残疾分布从高到低分别为肢体残疾(62.2%)、视力残疾(9.9%)、智力残疾(8.4%)、精神残疾(7.3%)、听力残疾(6.9%)、多重残疾(2.8%)和言语残疾(2.5%)。成年残疾人报告康复需求从高到低分别为辅助器具需求(49.0%)、药物需求(33.3%)、护理需求(27.7%)、功能训练需求(20.2%)和手术需求(1.9%)。成年残疾人报告获得康复服务从高到低分别为辅助器具服务(44.1%)、护理服务(26.6%)、药物服务(25.9%)、功能训练服务(22.2%)和手术服务(1.3%)。Logistic回归显示残疾类别和残疾等级对成年残疾人报告康复需求和康复服务的概率有非常显著影响(P<0.001)。结论残疾人功能状态影响到其康复需求报告,康复需求与康复服务之间仍然存在结构性差异,为提升精准康复服水平,应根据ICF关于功能、残疾和健康分类的理论模式和方法,制定针对特定残疾类别的康复需求报告方法并开发精准的个别化的康复服务项目。     

A one year follow-up of urban young adults with mental retardation in supported employment.

There is little information available about the provision of supported employment services for individuals from diverse cultural, ethnic and economic backgrounds. To fill this gap, in relation to the specific experiences of urban youth with mental retardation, we initiated an agency based longitudinal study of our employment training programmes. Data from the first year follow up of 45 young adults with mental retardation is presented. Information regarding all phases of the job training and job placement process was examined. The major findings are that 71% of the trainees were employed during the first nine months post-training, with approximately 30% of the trainees working for six months or more. Overall, 75% of the trainees' placements were in service industries and the amount of direct support the trainees required decreased over time. Additional findings and their implications for programme development are discussed in relation to the unique needs of urban young adults with developmental disabilities.     

Psychopathology in Adults with Mental Retardation Before and After Deinstitutionalization

In a pilot study, the presence of psychopathology in 47 individuals with co-occurring mental retardation and psychiatric disturbance was examined before and after their move from the last remaining state institution for persons with mental retardation in Vermont. These persons, identified in previous literature as the least likely to succeed in community placements, experienced reduced psychopathological symptomatology and appeared to be served equally well in a variety of small-scale community residences irrespective of their care providers' prior experience. Individuals under 50 years of age showed significant psychiatric improvement while those older tended to remain unchanged. These preliminary findings appear to support the viability of a community-based service model using small residences for all persons with mental retardation regardless of their need for mental health care.     

Psychological comorbidity in medical rehabilitation – the need for education

Purpose.?Prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in rehabilitation patients is high. In spite of the bio-psycho-social approach in rehabilitation, recognition and treatment rates of comorbid mental disorders during rehabilitation are low. The purpose of the study was to raise specific information about current clinical practice concerning comorbid mental disorders and training needs of rehabilitation personnel.

Method.?435 questionnaires were sent out to medical personnel in 54 rehabilitation hospitals in south-west Germany.

Results.?Psychologists in rehabilitation spend most of their time on counselling (45%) and group interventions (29%). Physicians and psychologists both feel highly responsible for recognizing mental disorders and motivating patients to seek aftercare. Screeners are rarely used by psychologists and physicians. Seventy-six percent of the participants would take part in specific training sessions. High training needs were stated for affective, anxiety and somatoform disorders. A specific training session for mental health in rehabilitation should last at least half a day and cover affective, anxiety and somatoform disorders.

Conclusions.?Taking these results into account, it is possible to put together a training program in diagnostics of comorbid mental disorders, which fits the needs of the professionals.     

Mental health services for persons with mental retardation: role of the advanced practice psychiatric nurse

The term dual diagnosis is frequently used by mental health professionals to refer to people who have mental illness complicated by substance abuse. A less commonly recognized population are those individuals who have the dual diagnosis of mental retardation and mental illness. In this paper the author discusses (1) the mental health needs of persons with mental retardation and (2) the current state of services for them. There is a significant lack of appropriately trained professionals to help address the needs of this population. Traditionally, nurses have primarily been identified as providers of physical care. Advanced practice psychiatric nurses, however, are an underutilized group of professionals who have the capacity to assume a leadership role in clinical care, service coordination, and advocacy for individuals and families affected by mental illness and mental retardation.