双眼视差视觉诱发电位与立体视觉的关系初探

作者采用双眼视差视觉诱发电位（VEP）记录了18名正常人和9名斜视患者（立体盲），结果正常人视觉刺激VEP P₁₀₀振幅明显高于非视差刺激者；斜视患者视差刺激与非视差刺激VEP P₁₀₀振幅差异无显著性；正常人视差刺激VEP P₁₀₀振幅增加的幅度值[（DSA-NDA）/NDA]明显高于斜视患者。 （中华眼底病杂志，1992，8：10-13）     

正常人不同视差刺激时静态视差诱发电位分析

用静态随机点立体图作视刺激，对40名正常人在不同视差(2'、7'、14'，23'、36'，46'、92'、138'和230')状态下进行视诱发电位检测。 结果：不同视差刺激时在250m左右记录到宽大的正波(即P₂₅₀波)；精细视差(<23')和粗略视差(246')刺激时的诱发电位波形不同，分别出现一次振幅高峰，揭示人类立体视觉存在相互独立的精细与粗略视差加工机制． （中华眼底病杂志，1995，11：155-158）     

屈光参差者视差诱发电位检测的研究

探讨屈光参差对立体视功能的影响及其机制。方法以新型静胡机点立科（ｒａｎｄｏｍ－ｄｏｔ ｓｔｅｒｅｏｇｒａｍｓ,ＲＤＳ）深度翻转作视刺激,对２０例屈光参差者和４０例正常人进行视差诱发电位（ｄｉｓｐａｒｉｔｙ ｅｖｏｋｅｄ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓ,ＤＥＰ）检测。结果屈光参差者在不同视差刺激时可记录到与立体刺激相关的波形（即Ｐ２５０波）,但其振幅的增长与平面图形的比值显著低于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０５）;重度屈     

新型静态随机点立体图刺激的眼视差诱发电位分析

本研究采用新型设计的静态随机点立体图深度翻转刺激图形,对40名正常人在视差(立体图形)、0'视差(平面图形)、视差单眼注视和视差右眼戴三棱镜四种状态下进行了视差诱发电位(DEP)检测.发现正常人视差刺激的DEP波形继P 100波后,约250ms有一宽大的正波,而0'视差、单眼注视和戴三棱镜的DEP波形继P　100波之后为一波形较窄、波幅较低、波峰较视差刺激时前移的正波.作者认为正常人视差刺激的DEP P　250波是与立体视刺激有关的视皮层反应. （中华眼底病杂志，1993，9：214-217）     

不同类型弱视儿童视网膜结构和视觉诱发电位及立体视功能的差异性分析

目的:分析不同类型弱视儿童的视网膜结构和功能、视觉诱发电位及立体视功能的差异性。方法:选取2014-05/2018-05在我院眼科治疗的中度弱视儿童92例136眼为观察组(屈光参差性31例31眼,屈光不正性35例70眼,斜视性26例35眼),另选取在我院眼科检查视力正常的儿童29例58眼为对照组。采用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)成像仪检测黄斑中心凹厚度、视盘周围及各象限视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度,采用视觉眼电图检测视网膜功能变化,观察视觉诱发电位P100波幅值及潜伏期的特点,并进行立体视觉检查。结果:屈光参差性、屈光不正性弱视儿童黄斑中心凹厚度、视盘周围及各象限RNFL厚度均明显高于对照组和斜视性弱视儿童(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,屈光参差性弱视儿童视觉眼电图光峰电位偏低,光峰时间延长,屈光不正性弱视儿童中近视儿童暗谷电位偏高,Arden比和Gliern比减小(均P<0.01)。三种类型弱视儿童视觉诱发电位P100波幅值均明显低于对照组,且1°和15′空间频率潜伏期明显延迟(均P<0.01)。屈光不正性弱视儿童交叉视差、非交叉视差、近零视差、远立体视功能正常眼数显著高于斜视性弱视儿童(P<0.0167),但与屈光参差性弱视儿童上述各项指标无差异。结论:屈光参差性弱视、屈光不正性弱视儿童视网膜结构存在明显异常,且P100波潜伏期延迟;斜视性弱视对立体视功能影响最大,而屈光不正性弱视影响最小。     

正常人和二色视者的光谱视诱发电位

对13例（25眼）正常人，4例（8眼）先天性红色盲和8例（15眼）先天性绿色盲进行440~620nm波长范围15种单色光图像翻转刺激的光谱视诱发电们（光谱VEP）测定。正常人最短的N₁ 、P₁、N₂潜伏期位于560nm而最大的N₁-P₁和P₁-N₂振幅位于560~570nm；随着刺激光波长增加或降低，潜伏期逐渐增加而振幅逐渐降低。先天性绿色盲光谱VEP各波较短潜伏期和较大振幅也出现于560~570nm处，但与正常人相比，600~620nm处各波潜伏期延长。先天性红色盲则分别在520~530nm和570nm处潜伏期较短而振幅较大，形成双谷样和双峰样改变；最短潜伏期和最大振幅位地520~530nm处。与正常人比较，较短潜伏期和较大振幅向短波端移位。 （中华眼底病杂志，1995，11：165-168）     

视网膜震荡伤眼的多焦视网膜电图改变

目的 观察视网膜震荡伤眼的黄斑区视 网膜功能，评价多焦视网膜电图（mf-ERG）对视网膜震荡伤的诊断价值。 方法 采用德国Roland公司生产的RETI scan 3.15系统对31例单眼视网膜震荡伤患者的伤 眼（伤眼组）和对侧健眼（对侧健眼组）进行检测。记录61个部位反应，比较分析视网膜后 极部不同区域的N₁(第1个负波)、P₁波(第1个正波)平均反应振幅密度。 结果 伤眼组N₁波1～4环平均反应振幅密度、P₁波1～5环平均反应振幅密度明显低 于对侧健眼组。 结论 视网膜震荡伤眼病变区域N₁、P₁波平均反应 振幅密度下降；mf-ERG能对视网膜震荡伤患眼局部视功能进行定量定位测定。（中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：226-228）     

3D/4D数字化斜弱视视功能矫治系统联合屈光矫正及遮盖疗法治疗成人弱视

目的：研究3D/4D数字化斜弱视视功能矫治系统联合屈光矫正及遮盖疗法治疗成人弱视的效果。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2018-07/2020-10我院收治的成人弱视患者41例57眼,根据弱视程度分为重、中、轻度弱视组,给予3D/4D数字化斜弱视视功能矫治系统联合屈光矫正、遮盖治疗,随访6mo,观察治疗前后患者的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、视觉诱发电位和立体视功能。

结果：BCVA治疗有效率为重度弱视组为69%,中度弱视组为88%,轻度弱视组为75%,总有效率为79%。近立体视功能治疗有效率为重度弱视组为62%,中度弱视组为75%,轻度弱视组为80%,总有效率为74%。各组视觉诱发电位P100波峰治疗后6mo较治疗前潜伏期缩短、振幅提高(均P<0.05)。

结论：3D/4D数字化斜弱视视功能矫治系统联合屈光矫正及遮盖治疗对成人弱视具有较好的疗效。     

正常儿童和成人静态视差诱发电位对比分析

目的　探讨婴幼儿立体视觉的发育规律和成熟时期。方法　用新型静态随机点立体图深度翻转作视刺激, 对用常规心理物理学方法检测立体视功能为正常的２０ 名儿童和２０ 名成人进行视诱发电位检测。结果　在不同大小视差的立体图刺激时, 儿童和成人均可在２５０ ｍｓ 左右记录到宽大的正波（ 以下简称Ｐ２５０ 波） ; 在不同大小视差的立体图刺激时, 儿童的Ｐ２５０ 波潜伏时均比成人延长, 振幅没有明显差异。结论　儿童对立体刺激的神经电生理反应时间比成人长, 推测这可能是儿童立体视觉尚不成熟的电生理证据     

不同类型弱视儿童立体视觉状况的临床观察

目的：了解不同类型弱视儿童立体视觉状况及危害,为提高临床弱视治愈率提供依据。

方法：选取321例在我院门诊确诊为不同类型弱视的儿童,应用同视机随机点立体图行远立体视觉检查,颜少明随机立体检查图行近立体视觉检查,分别检测其近零视差立体视锐度、交叉视差及非交叉视差立体感知度,并对资料数据进行统计分析。

结果：屈光不正性弱视组、屈光参差性弱视组与斜视性弱视组及形觉剥夺性弱视组比较,患儿的近零视差、交叉视差、非交叉视差及远立体视存在率的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中斜视性弱视组及形觉剥夺性弱视组患儿的立体视觉存在率最低,但两者之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),屈光不正性弱视组患儿立体视觉存在率最高,屈光参差性弱视组患儿立体视觉存在率较屈光不正性弱视组低。

结论：不同类型的弱视均可导致儿童立体视觉的发育障碍,其中斜视性弱视及形觉剥夺性弱视对立体视觉影响最大,屈光不正性弱视影响较小,重视立体视觉的重建是巩固儿童弱视治疗的关键。     

The Analysis of Disparity Evoked Potentials by a New Form of Static Random—Dot Stereograms

Purpose :A new form of static random-dot stereograms free of monocular clues was designed as stimulus to elicit disparity evoked potentials. Methods:Disparity evoked potentials were recorded in 40stereo-normal subjects. The stimulator was a white-black static random-dot stereograms generated by a computer and had no monocular clues. Every subject was tested in disparity stimulus, zero disparity stimulus, monocular stimulus and wearing prism condition. Results: A characteristic wide positive wave at about 250 ms was consistantly recorded in disparity stimulus,which may be regarded as evidence of the the presence of stereopsis. In contrast, recordings for zero disparity stimulus, monocular vision, stimulus and wearing prism condition all demonstrated a markedly difference from recording for disparity stimulus. Eye Science 1995; 11:48- 52.     

Topographical study of stereo-related potentials

In order to estimate objectively binocular vision and especially stereopsis, random dot stereograms generated by a personal computer were used. Brain activity during stereopsis was topographically studied by visually evoked potentials (VEPs). The potentials evoked by binocular viewing of patterns without disparity, e.g. correlogram, were very similar to the potentials evoked from patterns with disparity, i.e. stereogram, as many authors have already indicated. To derive the stereo-related potentials from the VEP elicited by stereograms, the potentials evoked by correlograms were subtracted from the potentials evoked by stereograms, and the differences of topographical distribution between normal and stereoblind subjects were investigated.     

间歇性外斜视患者交叉视差和非交叉视差的临床观察

目的　了解间歇性外斜视患者交叉视差和非交叉视差的临床变化。方法　对 5 5例间歇性外斜视患者 ,术前应用颜少明的《立体视觉检查图》检测其近零视差、交叉视差及非交叉视差 ,并根据检测情况分为 3组进行分析。结果　第 1组 2 5例 ,近零视差立体视锐度正常者占 4 8 0 % ,其交叉视差和非交叉视差立体感知度检测值均不在正常范围 ,交叉视差者的立体感知度检测值比非交叉视差者大 ,差异有显著意义 (t =84 3 5 ,P <0 0 0 0 1)。第 2组 2 6例 ,近零视差立体视锐度正常者占30 8% ,其交叉视差立体感知度检测值不在正常范围 ,未见有非交叉视差者。第 3组 4例 ,为仅查到不正常的近零视差立体视锐度者。 5 5例中 ,无近零视差仅和非交叉视差共存者 ,也无交叉视差和非交叉视差各自独立存在者 ,亦无交叉视差和非交叉视差两者共存者。结论　 (1)本组间歇性外斜视患者近零视差立体视锐度及交叉视差和非交叉视差立体感知度不健全 ;(2 )间歇性外斜视患者视差的损害顺序依次为非交叉视差、交叉视差、近零视差。 (3)双眼黄斑颞侧视网膜对应的是交叉视差 ,双眼黄斑鼻侧视网膜对应的是非交叉视差     

老年性黄斑变性的多焦视网膜电图改变

目的 测试并比较正常人和老年性黄斑变性患者的多焦视网膜电图。方法 应用美国EDI公司生产的VERIS science 4.0 视诱发反应图象系统对17例20只正常眼、7例10只老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD）干性型眼,8例　8只AMD湿性型眼和11例11只特发性黄斑裂孔(idiopathic macular hole,IMH)眼进行检测。将各组老年性黄斑变性者6个环形视网膜区域的N₁、P ₁波潜伏期和平均反应密度值与正常对照组进行比较。 结果 AMD湿性型各环N₁、P ₁ 波潜伏期和AMD干性型3～6环处N₁波潜伏期明显长于正常人。AMD湿性型在1～4环处N₁波和1～6环处P ₁波平均反应密度值下降,AMD干性型在1～5环处N₁波和1～6环处P ₁波平均反应密度值下降,IMH者在1～2环处N₁、1～3环处P ₁波平均反应密度值低于正常人。 结论 多焦视网膜电图可对老年视网膜穿孔黄斑变性部位进行视功能的定量检测。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:224-226)     

Electroencephalography Study of Frontal Lobe Evoked by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereogram

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the cortical electrical activity and electroencephalography (EEG) features of the frontal lobe evoked by dynamic random dot stereogram (DRDS) and to probe the functional connectivity (FC) between the frontal lobe and occipital lobe when processing 3D perception based on the binocular disparity.MethodsThe EEG experiment involved 14 healthy adults with normal stereopsis (<60″) and normal corrected visual acuity (20/20). The Neuroscan system and 32-channel EEG cap were used to record EEG signals based on the DRDS stimuli. The maximum energies of 3 frequency bands (theta-/alpha- /beta-wave) from 13 interesting channels (FP1, FP2, F7, F3, FZ, F4, F8, FC3, FCZ, FC4, O1, OZ, and O2) located in the frontal and occipital lobes were calculated and analyzed. The FC between any two electrodes from the frontal and occipital lobes was calculated based on the Phase lag index (PLI).ResultsThe maximum powers of theta- and alpha-waves in most channels of the frontal and occipital lobes were significantly increased (P < 0.05) when the depth perception was evoked by DRDS above the threshold, compared with that without stereo vision. The changes in the maximum powers of both theta- and alpha-waves were significantly different among the 13 electrodes (P = 0.0004 and 0.0015, respectively). Tukey''s multiple comparisons showed that the changes in the maximum powers of theta-wave were significantly different in F8 vs. O1, F8 vs. OZ, and F4 vs. O1 (P = 0.0186, 0.0444, and 0.0412, respectively). Moreover, the changes in the maximum powers of alpha-waves were significantly different in FP1 vs. O1 (P = 0.0182). The FCs of theta-waves between the frontal channels and the occipital channels were significantly enhanced when processing the depth perception, compared with those without stereopsis. There was no significant change in the FCs of the alpha-waves when having 3D perception except for FC between F8 and O1 and FC between F8 and OZ.ConclusionsThe cortical electrical activity in the frontal lobe and the functional connectivity between the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe increase when participating in the processing binocular disparity and obtaining 3D perception. Theta-waves in the frontal lobe may be crucial in the stereo vision.     

动态随机点立体图视差诱发电位的研究

目的从电生理学角度探讨立体视的机制,为客观检测立体视提供参数。方法由微机产生动态随机点立体图刺激,记录30名近距离立体视健康成年人4′-150′不同大小交叉和非交叉引起的视差诱发电位（disparity evoked potential,DEP）。结果（1）不同视差的DEP均为宽大负正波;（2）45′交叉视差DEP的N波潜伏时最长,150′的N波潜伏时最短;4′和30′非交叉视差DEP的N波潜伏时最长,124′的N波潜伏时最短;（3）交叉视差DEP的P波振幅高峰出现在23′、60′及150′,非交叉视差DEP出现在15′、45′及72′;（4）各视差DEP的N波潜伏时、P波振幅的非交叉视差变化曲线较交叉视差整体性左移;小视差的交差视差与非交差视差DEP的N波潜伏时演变规律不同。结论DEP的N波潜伏时、P波振幅能够为客观检测立体视提供参数;立体视宜分为精细交叉与精细非交叉、粗略交叉与粗略非交叉立体视。（中华眼科杂志,2006,42：878-882）     

Evaluation of dynamic stereopsis in intermittent exotropia patients

AIM: To delineate the characteristics of the dynamic stereopsis test and analyze related parameters in intermittent exotropia [X(T)] patients. METHODS: Fifty-seven X(T) patients and 55 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The normal and X(T) groups were used to test the reproducibility and reliability of the dynamic stereopsis test, and Bangerter filters with densities of 0.2 were then used to simulate suppression to test for traditional and dynamic stereopsis. In the X(T) group, the measurements included 1) dynamic stereopsis test comprising three parts: motion+disparity, motion only and disparity only; 2) ocular deviation angle; 3) Bagolini striated lens test; 4) disease course; and 5) Titmus stereopsis test. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of the dynamic stereopsis method was 0.901 in the normal and X(T) groups, and none of the X(T) patients were able to pass the static and dynamic stereopsis tests after using the 0.2 Bangerter filter. The accuracy rate was greater than 80% in the normal group and 31.81%, 36.36%, and 45.45% for the motion+disparity, motion-only and disparity-only components of the traditional test for X(T) patients diagnosed with stereoblindness via traditional tests, respectively. Patients with a long disease course (>1y) had worse dynamic stereopsis than those with a short disease course (<1y; P<0.05, Chi-square test). The deviation angle was not correlated with the motion+disparity, disparity-only, or the motion-only test components (all P>0.05, Chi-square test). CONCLUSION: Dynamic stereopsis is preserved in certain X(T) patients diagnosed with stereoblindness via traditional tests. A long disease course was shown to be a negative factor for dynamic stereopsis in X(T) patients which might be associated with worse progression, and provide good references clinically.