白细胞介素1和2测定方法的某些改进

本文对IL—1及IL—2检测的方法学进行了探讨,首先证明诱发小鼠脾细胞增殖的最佳ConA量,并不是诱导IL—2产生的最佳剂量。前者为7μg/ml而后者为3μg/ml:而在制备IL—1检测用的胸腺细胞时,对ConA剂量的选择则以亚适量(3μg/ml)为佳,剂量过小(1μg/ml)胸腺细胞对IL—1反应性极低。进一步研究发现,IL—1产生细胞的冻融或加入消炎痛可促进IL—1的释放和产生:而红细胞对IL—2的产生则有明显抑制作用。最后对不同品系小鼠的测定结果进行了比较。     

大豆皂甙对小鼠细胞免疫功能的增强作用

实验结果表明,大豆皂甙经口给予小鼠后能明显促进 ConA 和 Lp(?) 对小鼠脾细胞的增殖反应,能明显增强脾细胞对 IL—2的反应性,增加小鼠脾细胞对 IL—2的分泌,并明显的提高 NK 细胞、LAK 细胞毒活性.所以大豆皂甙具有明显的免疫调节作用.     

商陆皂甙辛对小鼠脾脏细胞产生IL-3和IL-6的影响

利用MTT法测定了商陆皂甙辛 (EH )对ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL 3和IL 6活性的影响 ,采用地高辛标记斑点杂交法测定了IL 3mRNA和IL 6mRNA的表达水平。结果显示EH在 1 0～ 1 0 0 μg/ml浓度范围内能增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL 3和IL 6活性 ,伴随mRNA水平的上升。提示EH通过提高IL 3和IL 6基因转录水平 ,从而使其产物活性增强 ,是其免疫调节和提高造血功能的分子机制之一     

雌二醇在体外对脾细胞和胸腺细胞增殖反应的影响

本文研究在体外细胞培养系统中直接加入雌二醇(E_2)对脾细胞和胸腺细胞的作用,发现高剂量(≥5μg/ml)的E_2可直接抑制脾细胞对ConA诱导的增殖反应;但在胸腺细胞的实验中,无论低或高剂量(10~(-2)ng/ml～20μg/ml)的E_2均未发现它对ConA诱导的增殖反应产生明显影响。表明E_2在体外对脾细胞和胸腺细胞的作用存在差异。     

右美托咪定对乳大鼠心肌细胞线粒体活性氧和细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine,DEX)对线粒体介导的乳大鼠心肌细胞氧化应激通路的作用。方法:取新生乳大鼠(3~4天)的心肌进行原代培养,培养24h后分为对照组(C组)、H_2O_2组(终浓度500μM,H组)、右美托咪定组(5μM DEX,D组)、联合用药组(500μM H_2O_2+5μM DEX,DH组)。各组细胞分别给予相应药物刺激6h,采用流式细胞仪测定活性氧自由基(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平及心肌细胞凋亡变化;并通过ELISA法测定各组乳大鼠心肌细胞线粒体介导的凋亡因子Caspase-3,Caspase-9表达的变化。结果:与H_2O_2组相比,DEX明显抑制H_2O_2介导的乳大鼠心肌细胞的ROS水平增加(P0.05);下调线粒体介导的下游凋亡因子Caspase-3,Caspase-9的表达(P0.05),从而减少H_2O_2诱导的凋亡(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定通过抑制心肌细胞活性氧水平以及下调线粒体介导的Caspase-3和Caspase-9的表达发挥抑制凋亡作用,对心肌细胞有一定的保护作用。     

剧烈运动造成的应激对某些免疫细胞功能的影响

电刺激造成的应激反应可以明显抑制大鼠腹腔Mφ释放H_2O_2的功能,这种抑制作用可能与内源性阿片样物质及垂体-肾上腺皮质轴分泌的激素有关。本文进一步观察了     

生物免疫制剂对大鼠枯否细胞释放过氧化氢的影响

从正常Wistar大鼠肝中分离出大量高纯度的枯否细胞(KC),体外培养并以干扰素(IFNα—2b)、卡介苗(BCG)或二者联用处理枯否细胞,用荧光法检测免疫制剂对枯否细胞释放H_2O_2的影响.结果显示,IFNα-2b或BCG均可增强枯否细胞释放H_2O_2量,分别使释放量提高约1.6倍和1倍;IFNα-2b和BCG协同作用的效果更强,使枯否细胞释放H_2O_2量提高2倍以上.文章讨论了免疫制剂增强枯否细胞的H_2O_2释放量与其提高KC抗肝癌作用的关系及相关机制.     

沉默PTEN基因抑制H2O2诱导的大鼠心肌细胞损伤

目的探究肿瘤抑制因子沉默PTEN后对H_2O_2诱导的大鼠心肌细胞损伤的作用及其机制。方法将培养的大鼠心肌细胞分为对照组和H_2O_2处理组(50、100和200μmol/L)。试剂盒检测心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放及氧化应激诱导后心肌细胞LDH释放量;流式细胞计量术检测心机细胞凋亡;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测心肌细胞PTEN表达水平及转染PTEN小干扰RNA(siR-PTEN)后,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测沉默效率;流式细胞计量术检测siR-PTEN在氧化应激诱导后心肌细胞的凋亡。结果与对照组相比,H_2O_2显著增加心肌细胞LDH释放(P0.05)、细胞凋亡率显著上升(P0.05)、PTEN mRNA和蛋白表达显著上调(P0.05),且呈浓度依赖性;siR-PTEN减少心肌细胞LDH释放和降低细胞凋亡率(P0.05)。结论 PTEN沉默表达可抑制氧化应激反应导致的大鼠心肌细胞损伤。     

白藜芦醇对过氧化氢诱导滑膜细胞凋亡的作用及机制

目的:研究白藜芦醇(RES)对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)处理的大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)凋亡的影响,并探讨Fox基因在其中的作用。方法:采用足趾皮下注射弗氏完全佐剂诱导SD大鼠AA模型,26 d成模后,取致炎侧踝关节滑膜组织,应用组织块培养法培养FLS,取第3代FLS用于实验,首先采用CCK8法观察不同浓度的H_2O_2对F1S增殖的影响,Annexin V-FITC-PI流式细胞术检测不同浓度的白藜芦醇对H_2O_2(20μmol/L)处理的FLS细胞凋亡率;RTPCR检测各组FLS中FoxO1、FoxO4基因水平的表达,免疫印迹检测FLS中Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达情况。结果:H_2O_2(≤20μmol/L)在一定浓度范围内,促进FLS生长;当H_2O_2(20μmol/L)增加时,H_2O_2诱导的FLS凋亡数明显增高;随着白藜芦醇浓度的升高,FLS的细胞凋亡率明显升高,白藜芦醇明显降低FoxO1、FoxO4基因水平的表达,增加了细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达,抑制细胞内Bax表达。结论:白藜芦醇可通过下调FoxO1、FoxO4基因表达,上调抗凋亡Bcl-2蛋白表达,抑制Bax蛋白的表达,诱导滑膜细胞的凋亡。     

雷公藤对IL2的产生和IL2受体表达的抑制作用

观察雷公藤对T淋巴细胞免疫应答的抑制作用,发现雷公藤水煎液抑制小鼠脾细胞和胸腺细胞用ConA诱导的增殖反应,抑制作用与雷公藤剂量呈正比例。5mg/ml雷公藤完全抑制脾细胞的ConA增殖反应;该剂量雷公藤与脾细胞共育2小时不影响脾细胞的活率,细胞经洗涤后对CouA的增殖反应与正常细胞相同。进一步研究,在ConA诱导脾细胞72小时培养的早期加入雷公藤,完全抑制细胞的增殖反应;而在培养后期加入仅见部份抑制作用,推测雷公藤是抑制细胞的活化而不是对细胞的直接毒性作用和对DNA合成的抑制。ConA诱导脾细胞表达IL2受体和分泌IL2。雷公藤的加入完全抑制受体的表达,也抑制但不完全抑制细胞分泌IL2。外源性IL2的加入也不能逆转雷公藤对脾细胞ConA增殖反应的抑制作用,提示IL2分泌的减少与细胞DNA合成的抑制无直接联系。此外,IL2受体表达的受阻与DNA合成受抑制之间的联系还有待深入研究。     

Deletion (2) (q37)

We report on a 5-month-old girl with widely spaced nipples, redundant nuchal skin, coarctation of the aorta, anal atresia with distal fistula, postnatal growth retardation, hypotonia, and sparse scalp hair. Initial clinical assessment suggested the diagnosis of Ullrich-Turner syndrome. Chromosome analysis showed a 46,XX,del(2)(q37) karyotype in peripheral lymphocytes. We compare her findings to those of other reported patients with terminal deletions of 2q. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

可溶性gp130对白血病抑制因子和制瘤素的拮抗作用

在研究可溶性ｇｐ１３０（ｓｇｐ１３０）分子对ＩＬ ６／ＩＬ ６Ｒ作用的基础上,继续研究了ｓｇｐ１３０对ＩＬ ６家族细胞因子白血病抑制因子（ＬＩＦ）和制瘤素（ＯＭ）的生物学作用。结果显示,ｓｇｐ１３０对ＬＩＦ和ＯＭ刺激的人多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）细胞株ＸＧ４ ＣＮＴＦ的增殖有抑制作用。此外,ｓｇｐ１３０对ＬＩＦ和ＯＭ刺激表达ＬＩＦ受体的新鲜ＭＭ细胞的增殖也有抑制作用,提示ｓｇｐ１３０也可为ＬＩＦ和ＯＭ的拮抗剂。     

Theta-behaviour of poly(p-tert-butylstyrene)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(p-tert-butylstyrene)

The theta-behaviour of poly(p-tert-butylstyrene)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(p-tert-butylstyrene) ABA type triblock copolymers containing ca. 28% by weight tert-butylstyrene was studied in the selective solvents 1-nitropropane and 2-butanone using the phase separation method. The theta-temperatures in these solvents were found to be 157°C and 31°C, respectively. The intrinsic viscosities of the copolymers in 2-butanone (MEK) were obtained at different temperatures. The Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent α in MEK at 31°C is greater than 0,5, suggesting that the theta-behaviour of block copolymers is different from that of the homopolymers due to the presence of repulsive interactions between incompatible blocks.     

窄手蚋的重新描述（双翅目：蚋科）

窄手蚋 （Simulium （Simulium） omorii）是Takahasi（1942）发表的新种,当时放在短蚋属（Omiadag）,该蚋标本是采自我国黑龙江省.Takahasi 仅描述了两性成虫和蛹,缺幼虫,况前者也不甚详细 1983年,虞以新和安继尧在我国黑龙江省饶河县珍宝岛地区,采到窄手蚋的两性成虫、幼虫和蛹,描述于后供同道者参考.窄手蚋与Rubzov（1956）描述的S. （S.） tenuimanus Enderlein, 1920很近似,不同的是：1. 足色：雌虫,窄手蚋前、中足股节黑色,后足股节基段1/5棕黄色.tenuimanus蚋,前、中、后足股节巧克力棕黑色,仅基部有点黄色.雄虫,窄手蚋后足转节、股节基端部、胫节基端部和中足基节1/2棕黄色,而tenuimanus 除前足基节和后足胫节基部褐色外,余部黑色.2. 窄手蚋中骨圆形或弹头形,前端圆形,后端凹入呈八字形 tenuimanu 中骨箭形,末端尖.标本保存于军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆.     

Degradation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) by electron beam radiation

This paper seeks to examine the effects of electron beam (e-beam) radiation on biodegradable polymers (PLGA and PLLA), and to understand their radiation-induced degradation mechanisms. PLGA (80:20) and PLLA polymer films were e-beam irradiated at doses from 2.5 to 50 Mrad and the degradation of these films were studied by measuring the changes in their molecular weights, FTIR spectra, thermal and morphological properties. The dominant effect of e-beam irradiation on both PLGA and PLLA is chain scission. Chain scission occurs first through scission of the polymer main chain, followed by hydrogen abstraction. Chain scission, though responsible for the reduction in the average molecular weight, Tc, Tg and Tm of both polymers, encourages crystallization in PLGA. PLLA also undergoes chain scission upon irradiation but to a lesser degree compared to PLGA. The higher crystallinity of PLLA is the key factor in its greater stability to e-beam radiation compared to PLGA. A linear relationship is also established between the decrease in molecular weight with respect to radiation dose.     

(E)TUDE APPLIQ(E)E DE ENC(E)PHALE ATLAS DANS MALADES AVEC INFARCTION C(E)R(E)BRALE

目的:探讨脑电地形图在脑梗死中的应用价值。方法:在43例脑梗死患者中,进行了脑电地形图和脑CT检查,并进行了对比。结果:脑电地形图和脑CT的改变是一致的,但脑电地形图改变早于脑CT。结论:脑电地形图在脑梗死患者中有重要的应用价值。     

(E)TUDE APPLIQU(E) DE ENC(E)PHAL ATLAS DANS MALADIES PSYCHI(Q)UE

目的:探讨脑电地形图在精神性疾病中的应用价值。方法:106例精神性疾病患者进行了脑电地形图检查,并进行了分析。同时,进行了脑CT检查,并进行了对比。结果:精神性疾患者的脑电地形图有明显的改变。结论:脑电地形图在精神性疾病中有重要应用价值。     

肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克过程中一氧化氮的抗肺损伤用

本实验采用兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞（ＳＭＡＯ）性休ｋｅ模型，测定了休克前后人．出肺血一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的含量，动态观察了ＮＯ合成抑制剂ＬＮＮＡ对休克时平均动脉血（ＭＡＰ）和肺动脉压（ＰＭＰ）及对生存时间的影响，并测定了人、出肺血脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量改变。结果发现，ＳＭＡＯ休克的出肺血ＮＯ显著低下人肺血（Ｐ＜０．００１），而休克后人、出肺血ＮＯ无明显差异，且与休克前相比也无明显差异。注入Ｌ－ＮＮＡ后显著增加了休克后的ＰＭＰ，缩短了存活时间。并使人、出肺皿ＭＤＡ含量明显增加，结果提示：在兔ＳＭＡＯ休ｋｅ中内源性ＮＯ具有重要的抗肺动脉压增高和抗肺损伤的作用。     

Alpha-thalassaemia (Hb-Bart's) in Rajasthan (India)

A total of 1,647 cord blood samples (618 of scheduled tribes, 487 of scheduled castes and 542 of general castes) of newborns from the Banswara, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur districts of the Aravali hilly region of Rajasthan were investigated electrophoretically for evidence of Hb-Bart's (alpha-thalassaemia). Hb-Bart's was encountered in 31 (1.88%) neonates constituting 1.8 to 12.6% of their total haemoglobin. Of these, 24 (1.46%) were of alpha-thalassaemia 1 and 7 (0.42%) of alpha-thalassaemia 2. The incidence of alpha-thalassaemia genes varied from 3.07% in the scheduled tribes, 1.43% in the scheduled castes to 0.77% in the general castes populations giving an overall incidence of 1.88%. Except Hb-Bart's allele, no other mutant haemoglobins were observed.     

Pendant-type poly(4-vinylpyridine)-Cr(III) and -Co(III) complexes

Pendant-type poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP)-Cr(III) complexes ( 1 ) and -Co(III) complexes ( 2 ) with various degrees of coordination (x) were prepared, and the structures and properties of the polymer complexes are discussed. The magnetic susceptibility of 1 showed that 1 is paramagnetic and that the Cr(III) ions do not interact with each other, although they were coordinated along the PVP chain at high concentration. The far-infrared absorption bands, assigned to the stretching of the coordinative bond between Co and the pyridine-unit of PVP shifted to lower wave numbers in 2 , as compared with the corresponding pyridine complex 4 . It is thus considered that the coordinative bond in 2 is weaker than in the monomeric pyridine complex 4 , owing to the steric hindrance of PVP; the Co(III) chelates coordinated at high concentration. This consideration is supported by the ESR parameters of 1 . The dissociation temperature of the coordinative bond between Co and PVP increased with x. It is presumed that the PVP complex 2 has a rigid structure such that more energy is required to break the coordinative bond.