~(131)I标记抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体MC3在荷瘤裸鼠体内分布及肿瘤放射免疫显像

抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体(McAb)MC3用~(131)I标记后,在裸鼠人肠癌模型上进行肿瘤定位和放射免疫显像研究。结果显示:体外标记抗体特异性结合率为37.5％。裸鼠体内在48～120h的ECT照相可见在肿瘤部     

抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体SC3A在荷瘤裸鼠体内的放射免疫定位研究

本文用~(131)I标记自制的抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体SC3A,进行荷人结肠癌裸鼠体内生物学分布和肿瘤的放射免疫显像研究。结果在注射~(131)I饲—SC3A后24～120h,肿瘤部位的放射性均显示出选择性浓聚,以72～120h的影像最为清晰;而注射~(131)I—鼠IgG则呈全身均匀性分布,无肿瘤部位选择性波聚影像。在72h,13种器官的T/NT均大于2,肿瘤LI为6.94,与扫描显像结果吻合。这些都表明SC3A在生物体内对结肠癌具有良好的选择性和导向作用,抗体可对其供临床体内进一步应用提供了依据。     

~(131)I标记抗胃癌单克隆抗体(MG_7)在荷人胃癌裸鼠体内的分布及显像研究

本文观察~(131)I标记的抗胃癌的MG_7-McAb及其片段在移植人胃癌或结肠癌裸鼠体内的生物学分布及放射免疫显像。MG_7抗体在结肠癌(无关肿瘤)移植片中无明显定位分布,静脉注射4只鼠的六种主要脏器及体液的肿瘤与非肿瘤比活性比值(T/NT)平均为1:32。该抗体及其片段在胃癌移植片中有明显定位浓集,其中F(ab’)_2段的浓集量(T/NT=4.9)大于全抗体(T/NT=3.0)。注射标记McAb后48～72h作放射免疫显像可见肿瘤的阳性图像,胃癌移植     

~(131)I标记抗胃癌单克隆抗体(MG_7)在荷人胃癌裸鼠体内的分布及显像研究

本文观察~(131)I标记的抗胃癌的MG_7-McAb及其片段在移植人胃癌或结肠癌裸鼠体内的生物学分布及放射免疫显象。MG_7抗体在结肠癌(无关肿瘤)移植片 中无明显定位分布,静脉注射4只鼠的六种主要脏器及体液的肿瘤与非肿瘤比活性比值(T/NT)平均为1.32。该抗体及其片段在胃癌移植片中有明显定位浓集,其中F(ah′)_2段的浓集量(T/NT=4.9)大于全抗体(T/NT=3.0)。注射标记McAb后48～72h作放射免疫显象可见肿瘤的阳性图象,胃癌移植片的显像比结肠癌密集、清晰,注射标记F(ah′)_2片段者,胃癌的清晰显像时间可提前至注射后24h。     

~(131)I标记抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体MC_3在荷瘤裸鼠体内分布及肿瘤放射免疫显像

抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体(McAb)MC_3用~(131)Ⅰ标记后在裸鼠人肠癌模型上进行肿瘤定位和放射免疫显像研究。结果显示:体外标记抗体特异性结合率为37.5%,裸鼠体内在48～120h的ECT照相可见在肿瘤部位均有放射性的特异性浓聚,其摄取量随时间延长逐渐增加,肿瘤显影清晰,显像的合适时间为96～120h。而给予非特异性的~(131)Ⅰ-NMIgG后,肿瘤部位未见放射性浓聚,而呈全身均匀性分布。120h肿瘤组织与肝脏及正常肠组织的比值分别为3.61和9.81,肿瘤定位指数为4.26。病理组织学检查显示注射~(131)Ⅰ-MC_3裸鼠肿瘤呈大片坏死,仅局部肿瘤边缘尚存少数完整的肿瘤组织。提示McAbMC_3用于肠癌的诊断和导向治疗可能有良好的前景。     

抗乳腺癌单克隆抗体放射免疫显像及治疗的实验研究

本实验用~(131)I标记HDI,用正常小鼠IgG(NMIgG)做对照,在荷人乳腺癌裸鼠模型上,进行组织分布、肿瘤定位显像和治疗的实验研究。结果表明,~(131)I-HDI对肿瘤有明显的特异性浓聚。注射后72、96h,     

胃癌单克隆抗体1D1-2在荷瘤裸鼠体内的放射免疫显像

本文应用人胃癌组织及细胞株移植建立了裸大鼠和裸小鼠两种胄癌移植模型。用~(125)I和~(131)I标记抗人胃癌单克隆抗体1D1-2,体外试验表明碘化1D1-2具有特异性的结合活性。注入荷瘤裸鼠体内72h后,显示该抗体高度浓集于肿瘤组织,浓聚指数为4.5,而正常组织仅为1.3,T/NT比分别为2～12倍,与胃组织比为3.2倍、放射免疫显像显示出清晰的肿瘤图像。提示单克隆抗体1D1-2应用于肿瘤定位诊断及导向治疗的可能性。     

抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体SC3A在荷瘤裸鼠体内的放射免疫定位研究

本文报道采用Iodogen法以~(131)I标记的抗人结肠癌McAbs SC3A,在荷人结肠癌裸鼠体内的生物学分布及放射免疫定位显像研究的结果。McAb SC3A腹水经protein ASepharose 4B纯化后,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定纯度,分子量为160kD。标记结果标记率在85％以上,放化纯度在95％以上。用同法     

McAb 3H_(11)放射免疫导向手术在胃癌中的应用

本所在以往抗胃癌单克隆抗体放射免疫显像临床研究的基础上,开展了胃癌的放射免疫导向手术。选用本单位生化室制备的高阳性反应率、高选择性及高亲和力的抗胃癌单抗3H11。该单抗对胃癌组织的阳性反应率为93.5％(43/46)。对正常胃粘膜及30余种其他脏器及组织均呈阴性反应,与胃癌靶细胞的亲和常数为5.68×10~9M~(-1)。将纯化后的McAb以Iodogen法标记~(131)I。将此~(131)I-3H11(250～800μCi)于术前经胃镜作胃癌局部多点注射。术时应用手握式γ探测     

~(131)I-抗胃癌单克隆抗体369及其F(ab′)_2片段在人胃癌移植瘤裸鼠体分布的研究

抗胃癌单克隆抗体3G9(McAb3G9)系本所生化室制备,与管癌组织和细胞有较好的选择性结合,其亚类为IgG_1。 用~(131)I标记3G9及其F(ab′)_2进行体内生物学分布和显像研究,用~(125)I标记正常小鼠     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.