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Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ1　ＰｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＰｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓＬｉｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎＡｒｍｙ (ＰｈａｒｍＪＣｈｉｎＰＬＡ ) ,ｉｓｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｊｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｔｈｅＰｕｂｌｉｃＨｅａｌｔｈＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｎｅｒａｌＬｏｇｉｓｔｉｃＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰＬＡ ,ｉｓｕｎｄｅｒｔａｋｅｎｂｙｔｈｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＤｒｕｇａｎｄＩｎｓｔｒｕ ｍｅｎｔＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｔｈｅＰｕｂｌｉｃＨｅａｌｔｈＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｎｅｒ…     

A new payment system for outpatient services? The implications for radiology

Congress is now contemplating the most significant change in outpatient payment methodology in Medicare's 31-year history. It may approve a proposal by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to establish a Medicare prospective payment system for hospital outpatient departments. In March 1955, five years after a Congressional directive to develop a new outpatient payment system, HCFA delivered its proposal recommending use of the ambulatory patient groups (APG) classification system for determining payment of hospital outpatient services. The APG system, which uses outpatient procedures as its primary variable, divides all such procedures into one of three categories: 1) significant procedures or therapies (including therapeutic and other significant radiological procedures); 2) ancillary test and procedures (including 11 radiology ancillary service APGs); or 3) medical visits. Outpatients can be assigned to one or more of the 290 APGs, each comprising a number of clinically and resource intensity-similar procedures, medical visits or ancillary tests. Any new payment methodology for outpatient procedures would broadly impact the radiology community. How radiology providers will fare under the system being proposed will depend on several issues that have not yet been resolved, such as how the basic unit of payment is defined (e.g., a service, a visit, or an episode of care) and whether payment rates will be adequate to compensate for the costs of providing services. One key issue will be whether contrast media and radiopharmaceuticals will continue to be paid as pass-through costs, giving providers the flexibility to choose the specific agent that is most appropriate for their patients.     

CR/PACS for scoliosis: a turn for the better?

As radiology departments convert to digital imaging, the acquisition, reading,and management of scoliosis studies pose unique challenges. This case study assesses the actual impact on efficiency,file management, cost, and clinical acceptability after a conversion to see whether goals were accomplished. As digital imaging for scoliosis studies became the new standard of care in the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia radiology department, it renewed interest and attention to these disorders and facilitated improved patient care.     

Quality of photographic images provided for injury interpretation: room for improvement?

The aim of the study was to determine the quality and nature of photographic images submitted to the National Injuries Database (part of the National Policing Improvement Agency) in the United Kingdom, for expert assessment and interpretation. A prospective analysis of cases (n = 50) were assessed for the number, origin, type and quality of images. Of 1,332 images in 50 cases submitted to the National Injuries Database, only 24% were appropriately labeled with an index; 5% were unfocussed; 64% had no rules or measurement scales; 0% had color charts or bars; 1.3% were of unidentifiable parts of the anatomy. The images sent to the National Injuries Database for interpretation originated from a variety of sources with no consistency in presentation. In particular, features such as rules or scales, color charts and appropriate labels with indexes, were absent in a variable number of cases, although these factors may at times be crucial to interpretation. It would be appropriate for standards to be developed and used for consistency in image capture, presentation and reproduction for interpretation for court settings in order to improve the quality of evidence available.     

Overtherapy or undertherapy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma? Therapeutic considerations for radioiodine ablation

Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas 相似文献   

Radiation dosimetry for commissioning Egypt's “mega-gamma I” facility for radiation processing

The use of ionizing radiation for sterilization of medical products and biological tissues has become an alternative to autoclaving or gas treatment by ethylene oxide. Moreover, large radiation facilities are now increasing for processing many industrial products, such as rubber, textiles, plastics, coatings, films, wire and cable. For quality control of irradiated products released to the public, greater consideration is now being given to the use of physical radiation dosimetry, since it is simple, reliable, and reproducible. The present work describes dosimetry for the new ⁶⁰Co irradiation plant, located at the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology of Egypt. Detailed measurements of absorbed dose extremes in product boxes processed in the plant were made using commercially supplied dyed plastic dosimeters (Red Acrylic and Red Perspex). These physical dosimeters were calibrated against the yield of cerous ion due to γ-ray irradiation of ceric sulphate solution as a standard chemical dosimeter.     

131Ⅰ treatment for differentiated thyroid cancers: new vision needed for further development

早在20世纪40年代初,国外学者就开始采用放射性碘治疗甲状腺疾病[1],其中Seidlin等采用放射性碘成功消除了甲状腺癌转移灶为很有影响的研究报道.国内在20世纪60年代起开始应用放射性碘治疗甲状腺癌,经过多年的临床实践,131Ⅰ治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)已发展成对该病术后后续治疗的首选治疗或经典治疗方法.     

131Ⅰ treatment for differentiated thyroid cancers: new vision needed for further development

早在20世纪40年代初,国外学者就开始采用放射性碘治疗甲状腺疾病[1],其中Seidlin等采用放射性碘成功消除了甲状腺癌转移灶为很有影响的研究报道.国内在20世纪60年代起开始应用放射性碘治疗甲状腺癌,经过多年的临床实践,131Ⅰ治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)已发展成对该病术后后续治疗的首选治疗或经典治疗方法.     

Supply and demand for radiographers in Lithuania: A prognosis for 2012–2030

Background

This is the first ever study on the planning of the supply and demand for radiographers in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to analyze the supply and demand for radiographers in the labor market with respect to their number, structure, and services, and to provide a prognosis for the period of 2012–2030.

Materials and methods

Supply was calculated using two scenarios with differing duration of studies, annual student drop-out rates, rates of failure to start working, the annual number of new entrants into the labor market, and emigration rates. Annual mortality rates, the number of first-year students, and retirement rates were evaluated equally in both scenarios.Two projections of the demand for radiographers, based on the population's differing (by age and gender), need for outpatient radiology services, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance scans. Subsequently, the supply and demand scenarios were compared.

Results

Evaluation of the perspective supply and demand scenarios – which are the most probable – revealed a gap forming during the analyzed period, the predicted specialist shortage will reach 0.13 full-time equivalents per 10,000 population, and in 2030—0.37 full-time equivalents per 10,000 population.

Conclusions

Considering the changes in education of radiographers, the socio-demographic characteristics of the staff, and the increasing need for radiographers’ services, the supply of radiographers during the next two decades will be insufficient. To meet the forecasted demand for radiographers in the perspective scenario, the number of students choosing this specialty from 2013 on should increase by up to 30%.     

FamLinkX – implementation of a general model for likelihood computations for X-chromosomal marker data

The use of genetic markers located on the X chromosome has seen a significant increase in the last years and their utility has been well studied. This paper describes the software FamLinkX, freely available at http://www.famlink.se, implementing a new algorithm for likelihood computations accounting for linkage, linkage disequilibrium and mutations. It is obvious that such software is sought for among forensic users as more and more X-chromosomal markers become available. We provide some simulated examples demonstrating the utility of the implementation as well as its application in forensic casework. Though algebraic derivations are generally unfeasible, the paper outlines some theoretical considerations and provides a discussion on the validation of the software. The focus of this paper is to compare the software to existing methods in a forensic setting, perform a validation study as well as to provide an idea of the discriminatory power for X-chromosomal markers.     

131Ⅰ treatment for differentiated thyroid cancers: new vision needed for further development

早在20世纪40年代初,国外学者就开始采用放射性碘治疗甲状腺疾病[1],其中Seidlin等采用放射性碘成功消除了甲状腺癌转移灶为很有影响的研究报道.国内在20世纪60年代起开始应用放射性碘治疗甲状腺癌,经过多年的临床实践,131Ⅰ治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)已发展成对该病术后后续治疗的首选治疗或经典治疗方法.