经内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎30例报道

目的观察内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）的疗效及其并发症。方法30例ABP患者在抗炎、抑酶等综合治疗基础上,经内镜（1～3d内）逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）及经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开（EST）或鼻胆管引流（ENBD）等治疗。结果内镜治疗后22例（73.3%）轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎（MABP）患者3～5d体温恢复正常;8例（26.7%）重症急性胆源性胰腺炎（SABP）患者3～8d腹部体征好转,血常规、淀粉酶及血生化1～2周内基本恢复,平均住院18.7d,3例死亡（10.0%）。内镜治疗过程中5例出现十二指肠乳头括约肌切口少量出血,经简单治疗止血,未再出现其他并发症。与同期开腹手术治疗相比较,症状体征缓解、血常规、淀粉酶、血生化恢复正常及住院的时间更短,死亡率无明显差异。结论ABP早期ERCP及内镜治疗安全有效。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎不同治疗方法的疗效分析

目的:探讨治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancretitis,ABP）的优化方案。
方法:回顾性分析5年余收治的159例ABP患者的临床资料,根据疾病严重程度及有无胆道梗阻分为轻症非梗阻型（68例）、轻症梗阻型（43例）、重症非梗阻型（27例）、重症梗阻型（21例）。所有患者入院后先给予非手术治疗。对于伴有胆道梗阻的64例,根据解除梗阻的不同术式,分为内镜治疗组和开腹手术组,对比使用不同治疗方案的各组患者腹痛缓解时间、血清淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间、治愈率、并发症发生率、病死率等指标。
结果:不伴梗阻的95例患者均经非手术治疗治愈,且轻症组与重症组各指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);伴有梗阻的64例中,入院后24 h内均行手术治疗。开腹手术组（26例）各指标与内镜治疗组（38例）比较,治疗效果差异有统计学意义,前者差于后者(P＜0.05)。
结论:胆源性胰腺炎应分型而治。非梗阻型ABP(轻型和重症)早期非手术治疗效果好;梗阻型ABP在非手术治疗的基础上早期解除胆道梗阻,通畅引流是治疗关键。内镜途径解除胆道梗阻与开腹手术比较,具有创伤小,安全性高,疗效更满意,是治疗梗阻型ABP的首选途径。

     

乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎临床疗效观察

目的 观察乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法 将１１０例急性胰腺炎随枘发成两组。对照组５５例（轻症４０例、重症Ⅰ型１５例）,治疗组５５例（轻症４０例、重症Ⅰ型１５例）。对照组采用常规中西医结合治疗,治疗组采用常规中西医结合治疗加乌司他丁１０万单位溶于５００ml5%葡萄糖注射液中静脉滴注,每天２次,轻症用７d,重症Ⅰ型用１４d。结果 治疗组有效率轻症为９２.5%,重症Ⅰ型为８６.7％,与对照组有效率轻症为７２.2%,重症Ⅰ型为４０.0%,两组比较差异有显著性;早期使用乌司他丁治疗后腹部症状、体征较快缓解,血尿淀粉酶、ＴＢ、ＤＢ、ＡＬＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＳＴ迅速下降,与对照组比较也有差异。结论 早期使用乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎有明显抑制作用 无明显毒毒副作用,可作为急性胰腺炎综合治疗的组成部分之一。     

早期内镜治疗在重症急性胆源性胰腺炎治疗中的作用

目的：探讨早期内镜干预治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床效果。
方法：90例重症急性胆源性胰腺炎患者,其中保守治疗组30例,内镜治疗组30例,手术治疗组30例,观察其疗效及并发症,评价早期内镜干预治疗的疗效。
结果：内镜治疗组30例患者均治愈,保守治疗组治愈25例(83.3%),手术治疗组治愈28例（93.3%）,内镜治疗组疗效明显优于非内镜治疗的两组（P＜0.05）
结论：早期内镜干预解除了胆胰管开口的梗阻,通畅了胆胰液的引流,微创、安全、有效,是治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的理想方法。

     

91例急性胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗的临床评价

目的观察早期内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）的疗效及其并发症。方法对91例ABP患者结合内科综合治疗的基础上,早期（72小时内）行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（EST）和鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）等治疗。结果 88例内镜治疗成功,成功率（96.7%）,轻症ABP经内镜治疗后3～7天内症状缓解,重症病人5～19天内症状缓解,其中2例并发胰腺假性囊肿,6个月后行内引流术。本组无死亡病例。EST病人中3例术中出现乳头切开处渗血,予以局部注射止血,术后无活动性出血表现,未出现其他与内镜操作有关的严重并发症。结论早期内镜治疗ABP安全有效。     

轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗价值

目的 评价早期内镜治疗轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎的价值及远期并发症.方法 将131例轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎患者随机分为2组,44例行保守治疗(保守组),87例在72h内行内镜治疗(内镜组).比较其腹痛缓解时间,血淀粉酶、肝功能恢复时间及复发率等.结果 内镜组较对照组治疗后血淀粉酶、肝功能及体温恢复正常时间,腹痛缓解时间、腹部体征消失时间明显缩短(P<0.05).122例患者平均随访18个月(3~42个月),9例失访,随访率93.1%.内镜组的胰腺炎复发率0%(0/83)明显低于对照组15.4%(6/39)(P=0.001)).结论 早期内镜治疗对于轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎是一种有效而安全的方法,尤其适用于有明显黄疸、感染、结石嵌顿的病例,并能减少胰腺炎的复发.     

梗阻型胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗时机的选择

目的探讨梗阻型胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗的时机与疗效。方法回顾性分析360例梗阻型胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗的资料。根据发病后内镜治疗时间分为两组：急诊内镜（EE）组168例，即在发病48h内急诊行内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、内镜下乳头括约肌切开（ES）／或取石术、鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）；延期内镜（DE）组192例，在早期非手术治疗基础上于发病48h后延期行上述内镜治疗。结果两组内镜治疗总成功率为96．9％。EE组在发病后腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶、血胆红素、白细胞计数恢复正常的时间以及平均住院时间显著低于DE组（P〈0．05～0．001）。重症胆源性胰腺炎急诊内镜治疗并发症总发生率显著低于DE组（9．6％vs28．9％，P〈0．05），两组间病死率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；轻症患者两组间并发症发生率、病死率差异亦无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论重症梗阻型胆源性胰腺炎应在发病48h内行急诊内镜治疗；轻症患者如早期非手术治疗无效或出现急性胆道感染症状，亦应争取及时行急诊内镜治疗。     

早期肠内营养联合锦红汤对重症急性胰腺炎患者血浆中炎性介质的影响

目的：探讨早期肠内营养联合锦红汤对重症急性胰腺炎患者血浆中炎性介质的影响。方法：选取2010年1月—2013年3月本院收治的60例SAP患者,随机分为肠外营养（PN）组（20例）、肠内营养（EN）组（20例）、锦红汤＋EN组（20例）3组,分别测定治疗前1 d及治疗后3 d和8 d的血浆炎症介质TNF-α、IL-6、降钙素原、C-反应蛋白和血浆淀粉酶与脂肪酶的水平。结果：3组治疗后血浆各炎症介质及淀粉酶、脂肪酶均较治疗前明显改善（P〈0.05）。EN组治疗后3 d及8 d血浆IL-6、TNF-α、降钙素原、C-反应蛋白、淀粉酶、脂肪酶均较PN组显著降低（P〈0.05）,锦红汤＋EN组治疗后3 d、8 d血浆IL-6、TNF-a、降钙素原、C-反应蛋白、淀粉酶、脂肪酶亦均较PN组和EN组显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论：早期肠内营养联合锦红汤能降低重症急性胰腺炎患者血浆中炎性介质的水平,促进患者康复,具有一定的临床价值。     

普伐他汀和缬沙坦联合应用对慢性心功能不全患者阵发性心房颤动的影响

目的探讨他汀类药物及血管紧张素受体拮抗剂对慢性心功能不全患者阵发性心房颤动的影响。方法145例伴有阵发性心房颤动的慢性心功能不全患者随机分为四组：胺碘酮组（Ⅰ组）、胺碘酮＋缬沙坦组（Ⅱ组）、胺碘酮＋普伐他汀组（Ⅲ组）、胺碘酮＋缬沙坦＋普伐他汀组（Ⅳ组）,治疗随访2年,比较四组治疗前后左心房内径、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平变化及窦性心律维持率。结果治疗后,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的左心房内径分别为（44．1±2．1）、（41．7±2．8）、（44．4±3．1）、（40．1±2．5）mm,Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组左心房内径均大于Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）,而Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组比较差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的CRP水平分别为（4．56±0．24）、（4．47±0．45）、（2．87±0．53）、（2．54±0．42）mg／L,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组CRP水平高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组比较差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的窦性心律维持率分别为57．9％、79．4％、77．1％、85．3％,Ⅰ组窦性心律维持率低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）。结论缬沙坦和普伐他汀联合应用能减少慢性心力衰竭患者阵发性心房颤动的复发。缬沙坦能抑制左心房的扩大,而普伐他汀能有效降低血中CRP的水平。     

地佐辛联合丙泊酚麻醉加高流量面罩给氧用于内镜胃组织活检手术50例

摘要目的 观察和评价地佐辛联合丙泊酚麻醉加高流量面罩给氧用于内镜胃组织活检手术的麻醉效果和安全性。 方法内镜胃组织活检手术患者200例,采用数字表法随机分为4组,每组50例,Ⅰ组给予鼻导管常规吸氧,保持自然呼吸后静脉注射丙泊酚;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组麻醉前高流量面罩去氮给氧,患者头带固定面罩吸纯氧6 L·min－1,嘱患者做8次深呼吸后,Ⅱ组经静脉注射丙泊酚;Ⅲ组经静脉注射芬太尼; Ⅳ组经静脉注射地佐辛。Ⅲ、Ⅳ组4 min后再静脉注射丙泊酚,至患者睫毛反射消失后开始手术。记录4组患者麻醉中心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）和脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）的变化、丙泊酚总用量、肢体躁动、呛咳反应、手术后3 min镇静评分、不良反应（苏醒后头晕和恶心呕吐）发生率。 结果4组用药后2 min与用药前比较：HR均无明显下降（均P＞0.05）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组MAP明显下降（均P＜0.01）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组MAP无明显下降（均P＞0.05）;Ⅰ组SpO2明显降低（P＜0.01）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组丙泊酚总用量、肢体躁动、呛咳反应次数明显多于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（均P＜0.05）; Ⅲ组手术后3 min镇静评分明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组（均P＜0.01）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组不良反应发生率分别为4.0%,4.0%,26.0%,6.0%,Ⅲ组不良反应发生率明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组（均P＜0.01）。结论地佐辛联合丙泊酚麻醉加高流量面罩给氧麻醉效果确切,呼吸抑制减少,手术结束时患者清醒程度高,不良反应发生率低,可有效提高内镜胃组织活检手术的麻醉质量和安全性。     

十二指肠镜技术联合乌司他丁治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 评价早期十二指肠镜技术联合乌司他丁治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的价值及并发症.方法 150例胆源性胰腺炎患者中,72 h内行内镜治疗50例,72 h内行内镜联合乌司他丁治疗50例,保守治疗50例.比较其腹痛缓解时间,血淀粉酶及肝功能恢复时间等.结果 联合组较对照组治疗后血淀粉酶恢复正常时间,肝功能恢复正常时间、腹痛...     

ERCP联合EST治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床效果与适应证分析

背景与目的:急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)是临床上一种常见疾病,最常见的原因为胆总管结石。目前国内主流观点认为,对于发病早期的ABP应尽早进行镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)联合内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)诊疗,然而,近期的文献及指南表明ERCP联合EST并非适用于所有的ABP患者。针对这一问题,本研究旨在进一步探讨ERCP联合EST治疗ABP的临床价值及其临床适应证。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年1月因ABP收治的107例患者临床资料。其中47例采取保守治疗,另60例在保守治疗的基础上,于入院后72 h内实施ERCP联合EST治疗,比较两种治疗方式之间的疗效差异。结果:整体分析结果显示,ERCP联合EST治疗在腹痛缓解时间、CRP恢复时间以及血淀粉酶恢复时间方面明显优于保守治疗(均P0.05)。进一步亚组分析显示,对于伴有急性胆管炎的ABP患者,ERCP联合EST治疗在腹痛缓解时间、白细胞恢复时间、CRP恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间以及平均住院时间均明显优于保守治疗(均P0.05);但对于不伴急性胆管炎的ABP,ERCP联合EST治疗组各观察指标均无明显优势(均P0.05)。无论是整体分析还是亚组分析,ERCP联合EST治疗费用均明显高于治疗费用(均P0.05),而两种治疗方式的并发症发生率均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:ERCP联合EST治疗ABP相比保守治疗而言具有一定优势,尤其对于伴有急性胆管炎的ABP效果确切;但对于不伴胆管炎的ABP,ERCP联合EST治疗较保守治疗并无明显优势,却增加住院费用。因此,临床中需对患者病情进行综合分析,不可一概而论,建议遵循个体化治疗方案。     

Timing of cholecystectomy for acute biliary pancreatitis: outcomes of cholecystectomy on first admission and after recurrent biliary pancreatitis

Abstract Biliary stones are the leading cause of acute pancreatitis. Although cholecystectomy and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) comprise the current treatment in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), the time of intervention is still controversial. In this study we evaluated the outcomes of cholecystectomy on first admission for ABP and in patients with recurrent biliary pancreatitis. A series of 43 patients with ABP between January 1997 and November 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were classified into two groups. Group I included 27 patients who underwent cholecystectomy on first admission before discharge from the hospital. Group II comprised 16 patients who had recurrent biliary pancreatitis and then underwent cholecystectomy. The severity of the pancreatitis was determined by Ranson’s criteria. Age, gender, length of hospital stay, severity of pancreatitis, amylase level, and complications of cholecystectomy were evaluated in both groups. Patients in group I underwent cholecystectomy during the original hospital admission and patients in group II during an admission for a recurrence. There were 24 patients with a Ranson’s score ≤ 3 in group I and 12 in group II. The mean hospital stays were 15.29 days (range 4–48 days) and 36.66 days (range 15–123 days) in groups I and II, respectively (p = 0.006). Morbidity was 11% without mortality in group I and 43% with one mortality in group II (p = 0.023). Definitive treatment of ABP can be accomplished effectively and safely by cholecystectomy following clinical improvement, with selective ERC performed during the first admission (delayed cholecystectomy). Waiting to perform cholecystectomy (interval cholecystectomy) may result in recurrent biliary pancreatitis, which may increase morbidity and the length of the hospital stay. Electronic Publication     

早期急性胆源性胰腺炎的内镜治疗

目的　评价急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗的临床效果。方法　2 0 0 0年10月至2 0 0 4年3月共收治急性胆源性胰腺炎36例,其中急诊内镜治疗(内镜组) 2 0例,2 4h内行逆行胰胆管造影术、内镜下乳头括约肌切开后用网篮取石或碎石网篮碎石后气囊取石术及内镜下鼻胆管引流术;保守或急诊外科手术治疗(对照组) 16例。结果　内镜组治疗的成功率为95 % ,未发生与内镜操作有关的严重并发症;与对照组相比,内镜组术后腹痛缓解快,住院时间短(P <0 . 0 1) ,从术后第2天开始血及尿淀粉酶明显降低(P <0 .0 5 ) ,第3天降低更为明显(P <0 .0 1)。结论　内镜治疗解除了胆胰管开口的梗阻,通畅了胆胰液的引流,微创、安全、有效,是治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的理想方法。     

Correlation between urinary protein fractions and histological features in IgA nephropathy

Urinary protein fractions and clinicopathological features in 80 patients with IgA nephropathy, who had mild proteinuria (0.60 +/- 0.35 g/day) less than 2 g/day, were analyzed. Urinary protein fractions was determined with SDS-polyacrylamide microgel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The patterns on the densitogram of SDS-PAGE were divided into 4 groups, that is, normal pattern (Group I: N = 4), low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) predominant pattern (Group III: N = 29) and high molecular weight proteins (HMWP) excessive pattern (Group IV: N = 28). Histological changes were minor in majority of Group I but gradually increased in Group II, III and IV. Especially in Group IV, global sclerosis (78.6%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.01, vs. Group III: p less than 0.05), small crescent (57.1%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.05), adhesion (60.7%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.05), mesangial proliferation (96.4%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.01, vs. Group III: p less than 0.05) and tubulointerstitial degeneration (85.7%; vs. Group II and III: p less than 0.05) were most predominant. These results indicate that urinary protein fractions and histological changes appear to correlate closely in IgA nephropathy with mild proteinuria, and that marked HMWP is considered to be an early marker of glomerular damage in the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.     

Acquired adult flat foot secondary to posterior tibial-tendon pathology

Nineteen patients with the clinical diagnosis of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon underwent surgical exploration. Four types of lesions were identified: avulsion of the tendon at the insertion (Group I), mid-substance rupture of the tendon (Group II), an in-continuity tear of the tendon (Group III), and no tendon tear, tenosynovitis only (Group IV). These conditions could not be separated preoperatively by clinical or radiographic means. The patients in Group I were treated by reinsertion of the tendon; in Group II, by flexor tendon transfer; and in Groups III and IV, by synovectomy. At follow-up, most patients in Group I reported no improvement, but the patients in Groups II, III, and IV showed both subjective and objective improvement. The signs and symptoms of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon are not specific for mid-substance ruptures of the tendon but also can occur with avulsions or synovitis, or perhaps from other, as yet undefined lesions.     

妊娠合并急性胆源型胰腺炎的内镜治疗

目的:探讨内镜治疗妊娠合并急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)的临床价值和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2000―2014年期间收治的35例妊娠合并ABP患者的临床资料,其中13例患者选择药物保守治疗(保守组),另22例患者均在明确诊断后48 h内行内镜微创治疗(内镜组)。结果:保守组9例(69.2%)孕妇治愈,孕妇死亡4例(30.8%),胎儿死亡6例(46.2%)。内镜组19例(86.4%)孕妇治愈,其中行乳头括约肌切开取石(EST)治愈者12例,内镜下鼻胆管引流(ENBD)治愈者2例,ENBD后腹腔镜治愈者4例,1例经内镜治疗病情加剧,紧急开腹手术并终止妊娠后治愈,胎儿死亡;3例孕妇(13.6%)死亡,其中1例内镜治疗失败转开腹,后因胰瘘母婴死亡,2例因并发多器官功能衰竭母婴死亡。内镜组孕妇及胎儿病死率明显低于保守组(均P<0.05),此外,两组治疗3d后的各项实验室指标改善情况,内镜组均优于保守组(均P<0.05)。结论:妊娠合并ABP患者早期内镜介入治疗安全有效。     

Prevention of pain on injection of propofol: a comparison of remifentanil with alfentanil in children

AIM: Propofol has a high incidence of pain on injection, particularly when a vein on the back of hand is used. Administration of lidocaine, either before or mixed with propofol remains the most widely used method to attenuate this pain. The use of opioids such as alfentanil and fentanyl has been found to decrease pain induced by propofol injection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of remifentanil and alfentanil in minimizing the pain caused by propofol. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy premedicated children between the age group of 5-12 years admitted for adenotonsillectomy were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatment groups. Group I: remifentanil 0.25 microg kg(-1); Group II: remifentanil 0.50 microg kg(-1); Group III: alfentanil 15 microg kg(-1); Group IV: alfentanil 20 microg kg(-1) 60 s prior to propofol mixed with 1 mL of 0.9% normal saline; Group V: lidocaine 1 mL of 1% (10 mg) added to 100 mg of propofol and Group VI: normal saline. During the injection of propofol (3 mg kg(-1)) pain perception was assessed with a four-point behavioural scale: none, mild, moderate, or severe. RESULTS: There were 52 subjects in Group I, 51 in Group II, 49 in Group III, 52 in Group IV, 52 in Group V and 52 in Group VI; 63.46% of patients in Group I, 39.21% in Group II, 38.77% in Group III, 36.53% in Group IV, 38.46% in Group V and 84.61% in Group VI experienced pain. Statistically, Groups II, III, IV and V were significantly better than placebo in the reduction of propofol pain (P<0.0001). Groups II, III and IV significantly reduced the pain in comparison with Group I (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg kg(-1), alfentanil 15 microg kg(-1) and 20 microg kg(-1) were equally effective in reducing pain associated with propofol injection in children between the age group of 5-12 years.