Torg氏改良的Bristow手术治疗肩关节复发性前脱位

目的介绍治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的Torg氏改良的Bristow术式,评价其临床效果。方法采用Torg改良Bristow方法治疗肩关节复发性前脱位31例,平均年龄22.3岁。结果术后随访1～6年(平均44个月),1例手术后2年时发生1次再脱位,3例术后发生过一次或多次的半脱位,8例患者诉肩关节运动时或运动后有轻度疼痛,1例患者因内固定螺钉处疼痛和弹响需去除螺钉。肩关节术后外旋受限10°～15°5例,外展受限10°2例,其余患者肩关节活动范围恢复至术前。其中21例运动员和教练中,有3名运动员虽无再脱位发生,但未能恢复到伤前训练水平,余均达到伤前训练水平。结论Torg改良的Bristow手术方法治疗肩关节多发性前脱位再脱位发生率低,术后肩关节活动受限程度轻,运动员患者恢复伤前训练水平的比例较高,且手术损伤小、步骤简单、易于实施。     

运动员复发性肩关节前脱位的关节镜治疗

目的 评价关节镜下肩关节前向稳定手术对运动员复发性肩关节前脱位的治疗效果.方法 2001年1月至2006年12月,应用关节镜下肩关节前向稳定手术治疗运动员复发性肩关节前脱位29例,男15例,女14例;年龄15～35岁,平均(20.7±1.4)岁.手术均采用关节镜下盂唇缝合固定术(带线锚钉技术),必要时辅以关节囊折叠缝合术、旋转间隙闭合术或热皱缩术.以脱位复发率、肩关节活动度、恢复运动水平级别及UCLA、Dawson、SST评分系统对术后疗效进行评价.结果 全部病例随访17～66个月,平均30.2个月.4例(13.8%)失败,其中3例(10.3%)脱位复发,1例发生半脱位.24例(82.8%)基本恢复到伤前运动水平(恢复≥90%).UCLA、Dawson及SST评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义.优良率82.8%～89.7%.术后患侧前屈、0°外展位及90°外展位外旋活动度较术前增加,与健侧差值的差异均有统计学意义.结论 运动员复发性肩关节前脱佗的关节镜下肩关节前向稳定手术的治疗效果良好,术后肩关节功能评分及关节活动度有明显改善,脱位复发率及运动水平的恢复程度与大多数文献报道的切开手术效果相近.     

Double-sided arthrodesis as a salvage procedure after recurrent anterior shoulder instability and persisting pain

A case (male, 34 years) is described, whose particular clinical history resulted in an uncommon double-sided shoulder arthrodesis. Right and left shoulder history was overlapping in time and is briefly described for each side. Left shoulder: Dislocation and fracture of the greater tuberosity due to falling down stairs; after conservative fracture treatment increasing painful joint stiffness; open mobilisation, fixation of the greater tuberosity with a cancellous screw, and reconstruction of the supraspinatus tendon; at screw removal, subacromial decompression due to impingement; because of further painful shoulder stiffness, he finally received shoulder arthrodesis. Right shoulder: Traumatic dislocation with conservative therapy and following spontaneous dislocations; open stabilisation using staples; further painful instability being conservatively therapy-resistant; radiographically incipient omarthritis with the staples still in place; because of motion-related symptoms, replacement of the articular surface; development of an impingement syndrome; because of increasing pain and reduced mobility he received an arthrodesis 2 years after the opposite shoulder. Afterwards and during an 8-years follow up, the patient showed a functionally satisfactory result, was pain-free, and was able to carry out activities of daily living like eating and personal hygiene. It is concluded that the functional outcome justifies this unusual procedure of double-sided arthrodesis.      

Surgical treatment outcomes after primary vs recurrent anterior shoulder instability

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of surgical management after primary anterior shoulder dislocation to the outcomes of patients who have surgical stabilization after recurrent anterior shoulder instability.MethodsA Medline (PubMed) search was performed in November of 2016 using the following key terms: shoulder, labrum, Bankart, instability, repair, outcome, recurrent. In May 2017 a Cochrane search was performed using similar key terms to ensure we included all studies. Only level I and II studies were included.ResultsThere were three studies that compared primary repair to delayed repair. In all three studies, the rate of recurrence was higher in group R than group S. When pooled, there was not a statistically significant difference between these groups, but there was a slightly higher odds of recurrence in group R (pooled OR 2.08, CI 0.69–6.26, p = 0.19). No significant differences were appreciated in functional outcomes or complications in these two groups.ConclusionFurther level I and level II studies to compare surgical treatment after first time and recurrent instability are needed. This study failed to find a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates in patients who had stabilization acutely after a single episode compared to patients with recurrent instability events, although results suggest there may be a small benefit in primary stabilization.     

Arthroscopic bankart suture repair for recurrent traumatic unidirectional anterior shoulder dislocations

We report our experience with arthroscopic repair of the Bankart lesion following traumatic unidirectional anterior shoulder dislocation. Thirty consecutive patients (7 women, 23 men; average age, 26.5 years) were followed for an average of 38 months (minimum 2-year follow-up) after arthroscopic Bankart suture repair for recurrent shoulder dislocation. The study included patients who had pure shoulder dislocations (excluding those with instability secondary to subluxation, multidirectional instability, or an atraumatic origin), had experienced an initial frank shoulder dislocation (documented radiographically or requiring the assistance of medical personnel for reduction), and had a Bankart lesion, visualized arthroscopically. Clinical evaluation using the Rowe functional grading system showed 11 patients rated as excellent, 8 as good, 3 as hair, and 8 as poor. Six of 8 patients were rated as poor because they frankly redislocated following their arthroscopic shoulder stabilization. Our study shows a 27% failure rate in this group. Critical reevaluation of the transglenoid arthroscopic Bankart procedure is mandatory to identify the appropriate patient population for this procedure.     

Reconsideration of the Putti-Platt procedure and its mode of action in recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder

The Putti-Platt procedure and its mode of action were investigated clinically and by work on anatomic specimens. The clinical work comprised 72 cases (Group A) of recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder operated on by the classic Putti-Platt technique from 1961 to 1985 and 92 cases (Group B) treated by the simplified operation from 1966 to 1979. Sixty-five patients from Group A and 83 (85 shoulders) from Group B were reexamined. There were two recurrences in Group A and three in Group B. In Group A, lateral rotation of the arm was restored in 19 of the 65 patients; it was increased in 44 patients by 60 degrees to 70 degrees compared with immediate postoperative rotation, which was 20 degrees to 30 degrees from the neutral position. On anatomic specimens in which the classic Putti-Platt technique was used, lateral rotation could not reach neutral without disruption of the lateral stump from the labrum. Since the lateral stump of the subscapularis is tendinous and inelastic, the postoperative increase in lateral rotation among Group A patients could be explained if the lateral stump had become gradually detached from the labrum. Therefore, it seems that this difficult part of the classic Putti-Platt procedure may be omitted, rendering the operation simpler and shorter than the original technique but just as successful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

改良关节镜双袢法Latarjet手术治疗癫痫患者复发性肩关节前脱位的疗效观察

目的研究改良关节镜双袢法Latarjet手术治疗癫痫患者伴复发性肩关节前脱位的临床疗效。 方法自2014年10月至2016年10月,共有9例伴发严重骨缺损的肩关节前脱位癫痫患者在深圳大学第一附属医院接受了改良关节镜双袢法Latarjet手术,患者平均年龄为（26.3±3.1）岁,术前均进行超过半年的抗癫痫治疗,术后继续进行抗癫痫治疗1年。术后立刻行CT检查观察骨块位置,分别于术后3、6、12、24个月随访行CT检查观察骨块吸收、愈合情况;并记录患者的美国肩与肘协会评分系统（American shoulder and elbow surgeon’form,ASES）评分、Rowe评分以及Walch-Duplay评分并进行肩关节功能评估。 结果共8例患者得到全程随访,平均随访（20.1±4.2）个月,3例患者术后再发癫痫（未按时服药）,分别为术后2、6、8个月,其中1例（术后6个月癫痫复发）失访,其余2例复发者CT显示骨块明显移位,随后经保守治疗后再次愈合。全部随访患者骨块愈合良好,6例恢复对抗运动,2例恢复正常生活,无肩关节不稳感,CT检查显示移植骨块最终塑形差异较大,其中4例吸收5%~75%,3例较原始状态面积扩大,1例无变化。术前及末次随访时平均ASES评分为（76.75±7.41）分和（94.68±5.02）分（P<0.05）,Rowe评分为（43.75±5.82）分和（93.13±5.30）分（P<0.05）,Walch-Duplay评分为（76.13±6.98）分和（93.00±2.00）分（P<0.05）。 结论改良关节镜双袢法Latarjet技术对于癫痫患者合并肩关节前脱位具有良好的短期临床疗效,且复发后有再次愈合的可能。但更应注意癫痫患者的术后病情控制,尽可能防止癫痫再发作导致手术失败,肩关节复发脱位。     

Results of the Putti-Platt operation for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder

Summary Between 1973 and 1981, 101 patients had a Putti-Platt repair for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder; 89 of them were followed up and 43 underwent a clinical examination, 23 being assessed with the Cybex dynamometer. The 46 who did not attend were interviewed by telephone. The mean follow up time was 8±2 years (range 5–14 years). Redislocation occurred in 18 patients (20%), but this was twice as high in patients who were aged under 26 years at the time of operation compared with those who were older (29% versus 13%). The time of recurrence was between 1 and 11 years after operation. A decrease in strength and power of abduction, internal and external rotation, was found in the affected shoulder. Restriction of all measured movements, particularly external rotation, was also found in all patients. Nevertheless most had a high functional score and relatively few symptoms. We conclude that the Putti-Platt procedure has a high recurrence rate in younger patients, and we hesitate to recommend it for young active individuals.

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Résumé De 1973 à 1981, 101 malades ont été opérés selon la technique de Putti-Platt pour luxation récidivante de l'épaule; 89 d'entre eux ont été suivis et 43 ont été examinés cliniquement, 23 étant testé à l'aide d'un dynamomètre Cybex. Les 46 qui ne pouvaient se présenter ont été interrogés par téléphone. Le recul moyen était de 8±2 ans (de 5 à 14 ans). Une nouvelle luxation était survenue chez 18 opérés (20%), mais la fréquence était deux fois plus élevée chez les sujets âgés de moins de 26 ans au moment de l'opération, comparativement aux autres (29% contre 13%). Le délai de récidive variait de 1 à 11 ans après l'intervention. On pouvait noter, du côté opéré, une diminution de la force de l'abduction et des rotations, interne et externe. Chez tous les malades il existait une limitation de tous les mouvements, et notamment de la rotation externe. Néanmoins la plupart d'entre eux avaient une cotation fonctionnelle élevée, et relativement peu de symptômes. Nous en concluons que l'opération de Putti-Platt comporte un risque important de récidive chez les sujets les plus jeunes et nous hésitons à la recommander chez les individus jeunes et actifs.

     

Results of the Putti-Platt operation for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder

The results of the follow-up studies of 152 Putti-Platt operations are presented. The procedure, if preceded by correct indication and performed with exact technique, proved successful for the prevention of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Eighty-nine % of the operated patients returned to their former jobs even if it was hard physical work. Recurrence of the dislocation was noted only in less than 2% of all cases.     

复发性肩关节前脱位的关节镜治疗

目的探讨肩关节镜下Bankart重建手术治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的适应证、手术要点和疗效。方法随访28例应用肩关节镜下Bankart重建进行治疗的复发性肩关节前脱位患者,随访10～36个月,平均16.6个月;年龄15～50岁,平均27岁。28例均为单方向性不稳定,术前平均脱位次数为15.5次(2～60次),其中22例发生于主力侧。手术中采用金属缝合锚(Mini-Revo)进行Bankart重建。随访时采用ASES评分和Constant-Murley评分进行功能评估。结果28例患者手术前及终末随访时平均ASES评分为80.5±4.1对95.1±2.1(P<0.001),其中VAS不稳定评分平均为6.8±1.2对1.1±0.7(P<0.001),肩关节平均前屈上举为161.8°±9.0°对171.4°±5.9°(P<0.001),平均外展90°外旋为59.6°±14.3°对87.1°±7.2°(P<0.001);术前及终末随访时平均Constant-Murley评分为79.3±4.0对95.0±2.2(P<0.001)。终末随访时所有病例均未发生术后再脱位,术后残存恐惧试验阳性4例(14.3%),术后外展90°外旋较健侧平均受限7.9°±5.7°(0°～20°)。所有患者均恢复术前工作,20例(71.4%)恢复到第一次脱位前的运动水平。所有患者均表示如果健侧肩关节出现相同脱位情况时仍愿意接受相同的手术治疗。结论肩关节镜下Bankart重建手术是治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的有效方法之一     

切开修补关节囊盂唇治疗肩关节前方不稳定

目的评价切开修补关节囊盂唇复合体治疗肩关节前方不稳定的疗效。方法从2001年3月～2005年6月,34例(36肩)肩关节前方不稳定患者,27肩CT造影显示Bankart损伤,9肩有关节囊韧带肩胛颈撕脱损伤(ALPSA损伤)。按肩关节不稳定方向分型,25肩均为前方单向不稳定,11肩合并有下方不稳定。其中27例有明显的外伤史,12例合并有肱骨头后缘缺损(Hill-Sachs征)。采用带线的铆钉进行切开修补关节囊盂唇复合体的方法治疗肩关节前方不稳定,观察评价患肩的功能。结果术后随访6个月～4年,平均2．2年。肩关节功能按Walch-Duplay评分：优19肩,良12肩,中3肩,差2肩,优良率为86．1%。1例术后发生再脱位,由再次创伤造成,该患者行关节镜检查,发现修补处撕脱并盂缘缺损,再次行喙突移位固定术。结论采用切开修补关节囊盂唇复合体治疗创伤性肩关节前方不稳定,疗效肯定,肩关节功能恢复良好,并发症少,再脱位发生率低。     

Constrained fixed-fulcrum reverse shoulder arthroplasty improves functional outcome in epileptic patients with recurrent shoulder instability

AIM: To report the results of fixed-fulcrum fully constrained reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability in patients with epilepsy. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted at a single facility. Cases were identified using a com-puterized database and all clinic notes and operative reports were reviewed. All patients with epilepsy and recurrent shoulder instability were included for study. Between July 2003 and August 2011 five shoulders in five consecutive patients with epilepsy underwent fixed-fulcrum fully constrained reverse shoulder arthroplasty for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. The mean duration of epilepsy in the cohort was 21 years(range, 5-51) and all patients suffered from grand mal seizures. RESULTS: Mean age at the time of surgery was 47 years(range, 32-64). The cohort consisted of four males and one female. Mean follow-up was 4.7 years(range, 4.3-5 years). There were no further episodes of instability, and no further stabilisation or revision procedures were performed. The mean Oxford shoulder instability score improved from 8 preoperatively(range, 5-15) to 30 postoperatively(range, 16-37)(P = 0.015) and the mean subjective shoulder value improved from 20(range, 0-50) preoperatively to 60(range, 50-70) postoperatively(P = 0.016). Mean active forward elevation improved from 71° preoperatively(range,45°-130°) to 100° postoperatively(range, 80°-90°) and mean active external rotation improved from 15° preoperatively(range, 0°-30°) to 40°(20°-70°) postoperatively. No cases of scapular notching or loosening were noted. CONCLUSION: Fixed-fulcrum fully constrained reverse shoulder arthroplasty should be considered for the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability in patients with epilepsy.     

肩关节镜治疗复发性肩关节前脱位

目的 对关节镜治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的疗效进行评价.方法 2001年1月至2006年3月关节镜治疗复发性肩关节前脱位患者52例,其中44例获得随访,随访时间12～54个月,平均26个月.对获得随访的44例患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究.采用美国加州洛杉矶大学肩关节评分系统(UCLA)、肩关节简明测试(SST)、Dawson评分对术后效果进行评价.采用Dawson评分对患者年龄、是否存在松弛、术前脱位频率、复位情况和病程长短等因素对术后疗效的影响进行评价.结果 获得随访的44位患者的脱位复发率为4.5%.术后UCLA、SST、Dawson评分与术前比较差异具有统计学意义,肩关节镜治疗术后优良率在91%以上.患者年龄、病程长短、术前脱位频率、是否伴有关节松弛、复位方法对治疗效果无明显影响.结论 关节镜治疗复发性肩关节前脱位手术效果较好,术后肩关节功能改善明显.     

Surgical interventions for anterior shoulder instability in rugby players: A systematic review

AIM: To systematically evaluate the evidence-based literature on surgical treatment interventions for elite rugby players with anterior shoulder instability.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: “rugby” and “shoulder” in combination with “instability” or “dislocation”. All articles published from inception of the included data sources to January 1^st 2014 that evaluated surgical treatment of elite rugby players with anterior shoulder instability were examined.RESULTS: Only five studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. A total of 379 shoulders in 376 elite rugby union and league players were included. All the studies were retrospective cohort or case series studies. The mean Coleman Methodological Score for the 5 studies was 47.4 (poor). Owing to heterogeneity amongst the studies, quantitative synthesis was not possible, however a detailed qualitative synthesis is reported. The overall recurrence rate of instability after surgery was 8.7%, and the mean return to competitive play, where reported, was 13 mo.CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic stabilization has been performed successfully in acute anterior instability and there is a preference for open Latarjet-type procedures when instability is associated with osseous defects.     

Reverse arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and rotator cuff deficiency after previous surgery for recurrent anterior shoulder instability

Purpose

Osteoarthritis in combination with rotator cuff deficiency following previous shoulder stabilisation surgery and after failed surgical treatment for chronic anterior shoulder dislocation is a challenging condition. The aim of this study was to analyse the results of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in such patients.

Methods

Thirteen patients with a median follow-up of 3.5 (range two to eight) years and a median age of 70 (range 48–82) years were included. In all shoulders a tear of at least one rotator cuff tendon in combination with osteoarthritis was present at the time of arthroplasty. The Constant score, shoulder flexion and external and internal rotation with the elbow at the side were documented pre-operatively and at the final follow-up. Pre-operative, immediate post-operative and final follow-up radiographs were analysed. All complications and revisions were documented.

Results

Twelve patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the procedure. The median Constant score increased from 26 points pre-operatively to 67 points at the final follow-up (p = 0.001). The median shoulder flexion increased significantly from 70° to 130° and internal rotation from two to four points (p = 0.002). External rotation did not change significantly (p = 0.55). Glenoid notching was present in five cases and was graded as mild in three cases and moderate in two. One complication occurred leading to revision surgery.

Conclusions

Reverse arthroplasty leads to high satisfaction rates for patients with osteoarthritis and rotator cuff deficiency who had undergone previous shoulder stabilisation procedures. The improvements in clinical outcome as well as the radiographic results seem to be comparable with those of other studies reporting on the outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for other conditions.