超声心动图诊断永存左位上腔静脉引流入左心房的价值

目的探讨超声心动图对永存左位上腔静脉引流入左房的诊断价值。方法对我院行超声心动图检查并经手术证实的13例永存左位上腔静脉（PLSVC）引流入左房病例进行了回顾性分析，总结不同引流途径的超声表现并与手术结果相对照。结果PLSVC直接开口于左房8例，PLSVC接冠状静脉窦（CS）合并CS终末段缺如者3例，PLSVC接CS合并CS中间段缺损者1例，PLSVC接CS合并CS中间、终末段均缺损者1例。7例行右心超声造影。超声正确诊断6例，误诊或漏诊7例。其中8例Raghib综合征漏诊4例，3例PLSVC接CS合并CS终末段缺如仅诊断为PLSVC2例，误诊为Raghib综合征1例。结论超声心动图结合右心超声造影可作为PLSVC引流入左房患者术前诊断的首选和筛选方法。     

Coronary fistula of right coronary artery to vena cava superior and ectasia of pulmonary artery

Summary  We report on a patient with coronary heart disease, a coronary fistula of right coronary artery to vena cava superior and pulmonary hypertension. Combined with coronary artery revascularization, the coronary fistula was closed successfully.      

Echocardiographic detection of left circumflex coronary artery to left superior vena cava fistula by use of Doppler color flow mapping

We report the two-dimensional and Doppler color flow mapping echocardiographic findings in a neonate with left circumflex coronary arteriovenous fistula to a left superior vena cava. Doppler color flow mapping, in concert with detailed imaging, was essential to identify this rare fistula and to prepare for therapeutic intervention at initial cardiac catheterization.     

超声诊断左位下腔静脉引流入左上腔静脉1例

患者男,19岁,因"腰腿疼痛伴盗汗、乏力2月余"入院,临床诊断为L2、3腰椎结核.超声:心脏位置正常,心房正位,心室右袢,房室连接正常,右心房轻度增大,房间隔中部连续性中断(约6.4 mm);主动脉走行、位置正常,腹主动脉右侧未见下腔静脉;左右髂总静脉在左右髂总动脉分叉处左下方汇合后于腹主动脉左后方上行(图1A),穿过膈肌回流至左上腔静脉;下腔静脉肝后段缺如,肝左、肝右及肝中静脉直接汇入右心房(图1B);左颈内静脉、左锁骨下静脉汇入左上腔静脉,右无名静脉部分血流汇入右侧上腔静脉,另一部分于主动脉弓水平汇入左上腔静脉(图1C);左上腔静脉经冠状静脉窦回流至右心房;冠状静脉窦增宽,窦壁完整.     

Successful surgical repair of a giant left main coronary artery aneurysm with arteriovenous fistula draining into a persistent left superior vena cava and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate pulmonary hypertension with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no pulmonary hypertension. Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent left superior vena cava. Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main coronary artery aneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula into the left superior vena cava and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The patient underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the arteriovenous fistula. She then underwent successful surgical closure of the coronary arteriovenous fistula. The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.     

上腔静脉综合征的超声诊断

目的分析上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)的超声特征,评价其超声诊断价值.方法应用二维及多普勒超声心动图,经右锁骨上窝及心尖五腔切面观对21例SVCS患者及20例健康志愿者行上腔静脉及相关部位的超声检测.结果本组21例SVCS患者,包括纵隔及周围组织病变致外压型15例,上腔静脉腔内血栓5例,纵隔畸胎瘤术后致上腔静脉瘢痕性狭窄1例.外压型见上腔静脉内径较正常组明显变细[(6.7±7.4)mm vs(11.4±2.1)mm,P＜0.001],血流速度加快[(128.0±40.9)cm/s vs(50.3±8.2)cm/s,P＜0.01],2例上腔静脉狭窄严重者血流速度减慢.5例腔内型SVCS均见上腔静脉腔内血栓,彩色血流信号变弱,血流速度变慢[(16.4±6.9)cm/s vs(50.3±8.2)cm/s,P＜0 011.结论超声检查不但可以评价SVCs病变部位及程度,同时还能提供其病因诊断.     

A five-chambered heart: rare coronary artery anomaly with fistula draining into a separate interventricular cavity.

The combination of color flow Doppler imaging, contrast echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and coronary arteriography documented the presence of a right coronary artery fistula that opened into a separate cavity in the anterior part of the interventricular septum in a 32-year-old man. Although a traumatic origin could not be excluded, the abnormality was most likely a congenital anomaly. Because there were no significant symptoms and no signs of hemodynamic burden on the heart, a conservative management was decided and no complications occurred during 3 years of follow-up. So far the literature includes only one similar case described by autopsy findings.     

右冠状动脉-上腔静脉瘘并巨大上腔静脉瘤超声表现1例

患者因“胸痛”于外院行超声心动图诊断：“右冠状动脉-左房瘘”,经我院行系列影像学检查明确诊断：右冠状动脉-上腔静脉瘘,上腔静脉呈瘤样扩张。经冠状动脉造影证实,行瘘口封堵术,术后经胸超声心动图显示无残余分流。院外检查者误把上腔静脉瘤视作左房、未扫查到上腔静脉瘤样扩张。对于冠状动脉瘘,需耐心追踪异常血流路径,仔细辨认典型解剖结构,多切面扫查,减少漏诊、误诊。     

Right superior vena cava draining into the left atrium: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management.

Right superior vena cava (RSVC) draining into the left atrium, causing hypoxemia, represents a very rare congenital malformation which has not previously been described in the fetus. We describe a case in which fetal echocardiography at 22 weeks' gestation revealed an enlarged superior vena cava connecting abnormally with a mildly enlarged left atrium. Neonatal transthoracic echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis and showed an abnormal connection of the right pulmonary veins to the RSVC. Right-to-left shunt due to anomalous drainage of the RSVC into the left atrium associated with an atrial septal defect and anomalous pulmonary venous return were diagnosed on echocardiography and confirmed by angiography. The newborn was hemodynamically stable at birth and at the 1-year follow-up.     

产前超声诊断胎儿永存左上腔静脉中的价值

目的 探讨胎儿期永存左上腔静脉声像图特征及临床应用价值.方法 应用胎儿超声心动图检查3368例胎儿,检出31例胎儿永存左上腔静脉及相关畸形.结果 胎儿超声心动图显示,31例胎儿中30例合并冠状静脉窦扩张,14例合并其他心血管异常,6例合并心外畸形,4例同时合并心内外畸形.结论 永存左上腔静脉常合并先天性心脏病,胎儿预后取决于有无合并其他先天性心脏病,产前诊断永存左上腔静脉可帮助正确评估胎儿预后.     

Left circumflex coronary artery fistula to the superior vena cava: assessment of the exact anatomy by multidetector CT

A 62-year-old woman with mild dyspnea on exertion underwent coronary angiography. A large fistula of the left circumflex artery was found but the exit site of this unusual anomaly could not be established. Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography of the coronary arteries was performed which allowed clear identification of the drainage of the fistula into the superior vena cava.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of left superior vena cava to the left atrium

We report two cases of left superior vena cava draining directly to the left atrium in the absence of complex congenital heart disease. This is a rare finding causing a decrease in patient oxygen saturations. The location and diagnosis of this systemic venous anomaly requires diligence on the part of the cardiac sonographer, who should be able to identify the structure during the course of a thorough echocardiographic examination. Both adult and pediatric cardiac sonographers should be alerted to the possible presence of this vessel. Once the vessel has been successfully identified, repair and follow-up are relatively simple with positive patient prognosis.     

超声心动图诊断胎儿永存左上腔静脉1例

孕妇妊娠39周,胎儿超声心动图检查见四腔心清晰显示,右心房、右心室略大,左心房侧探及活瓣甩动,长约1.00 cm,房间隔中部可见卵圆孔无回声区,宽约0.57 cm,冠状静脉窦扩张,宽约0.80 cm(图1、2);CDFI:收缩期三尖瓣可见少量反流.超声提示:①胎儿永存左上腔静脉(persistent left superior vena cava, PLSVC);②三尖瓣轻度关闭不全.     

Tunnelled central venous catheter-induced thrombosis: a rare case of superior vena cava syndrome

Thrombotic venous obstruction in patients with a tunnelled central venous catheter is a cause of superior vena cava syndrome that is not routinely encountered by emergency physicians. Diagnosis requires identifying patients at risk (e.g., those under treatment for cancer and those who have a tunnelled central venous catheter), recognizing the signs and symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome, usually dyspnea and dilated neck or thoracic veins, and imaging the venous obstruction using computer tomography or sonography. Management involves anticoagulation and local thrombolytic administration. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with a 2-day history of face, chest and bilateral arm swelling who had been receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia through a Hickman catheter. This case demonstrates the need to be vigilant for thrombus formation in patients with long-term, indwelling central venous catheters.