肝硬化患者血浆和腹水中一氧化氮、白细胞介素—6和肿抗坏死因子α的研究

目的：研究肝硬化患者血浆和腹水一氧化氮（NO）、白细胞介素－6（IL－6）及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）的变化及其意义。方法：用比色法、ELISA法分别测定50例肝硬化患者血浆和腹水的NO、IL－6及TNFα。结果：肝硬化组血浆和腹水NO、IL－6及TNFα水平均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。腹水渗出液中NO、IL－6及TNFα水平明显高于漏出液（P＜0．01或0．05）。结论：检测血浆和腹水中NO、IL－6及TNFα有助于肝硬化腹水的鉴别诊断。     

长时间重度失血性休克细胞因子、内毒素、一氧化氮的测定及其意义

目的：探讨内毒素,肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）,白介素－6（IL－6）,白介素－8（IL－8）及一氧化氮（NO）在长时间重度失血性休克中的作用。方法：40只家兔随机分为对照组及失血性休克1h,4h,8h,组,从股动脉放血造成失血性休克,测定各组动物血浆内毒素,TNFα,IL－6,IL－8及NO水平。结果：血浆内毒素,TNFα,IL－6,IL－8及NO水平在休克后明显升高（P＜0．01）;血浆NO2^-活性水平以休克1h组最高,但与休克4h,8h组相比无显著差异（P＞0．05）,休克4h组与休克8h 组NO2^－含量呈逐渐下降趋势,随着休克时间的延长,各组动物的存活率明显下降。结论：长时间失血性休克可使血浆内毒素,细胞因子及一氧化氮水平升高,其水平与动物存活率呈正相关。     

急性白血病患者血清IL-6、TNF-α检测临床意义的探讨

目的：探讨白细胞介素6（IL－6）肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF－α）水平与急性白血病（AL）发病的关系。方法：采用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）和急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患血清IL－6、TNF－α水平。结果：AL患IL－6含量显高于正常对照组（P＜0．01），且ALL又明显高于AML（P＜0．05）；TNF－α也显高于对照组（P＜0．01），但ALL与AML两组间TNF－α水平无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：IL－6、TNF－α水平与AL发病，发展有密切相关；IL－6水平与白血病类型有关；而TNF－α水平与白血病类型无关。     

脑梗死患者肿瘤坏死因子与内皮素水平变化及其意义

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）及内素－1（ET－1）水平变化与脑梗死的关系。方法：采用放免分析法检测56例脑梗死患者不同时期血清TNF－α及ET－1水平，同时以30例健康体检者为正常对照组。结果：脑梗死急性期和恢复期血清TNF－α及ET－1水平均明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．0001），急性期则明显高于恢复期且与梗死灶大小密切相关，梗死灶越大者，其TNF－α和ET－1水平越高（P＜0．05－0．00001）。结论：脑梗死患者血清TNF－α及ET－1水平明显升高，提示TNF－α及ET－1共同参与脑梗死的发生发展过程。早期应用TNF－α及ET－1拮抗剂，降低TNF－α及ET－1水平，对脑梗死的防治具有重要临床意义。     

肝硬化并上消化道出血患者NO和ET—1水平测定

目的：探讨一氧化氮（Nitric oxide,NO)及内皮素（Endothelin-1,ET-1）在肝硬化并上消化道出血患出血后的变化以及对肝功能的影响。方法：用放射免疫法测定肝硬化患出血时及出血后血浆ET－1的变化，用一氧化氮代谢产物硝酸盐法测定肝硬化患出血时及出血后血清NO的变化。结果：肝硬化并上消化道出血时及出血后血清NO及血浆ET－1均高于正常对照组（P＜0．01），肝硬化并上消化道出血后患血清NO及血浆ET－1水平高于出血时患（P＜0．05）且与肝功能损害呈正相关。结论：肝硬化对NO及ET－1水平均升高，肝硬化并上消化道出血后患血清NO及血浆ET－1水平升高与肝功能损害密切相关。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血浆肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素-6与一氧化氮变化的研究

目的：探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）与一氧化氮（NO）水平的动态变化。方法：分别采用ELISA法和硝酸盐还原酶法测定46例HIE患儿及18例正常新生儿血浆IL-6、TNF—α与NO水平。结果：（1）轻度HIE组患儿血浆NO水平入院时明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），生后1d恢复至正常对照组水平。中度HIE组患儿血浆NO、IL-6、TNF—α水平入院时明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），生后第10d达高峰，以后随日龄逐渐下降，3天时仍明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），10天时恢复至正常对照组水平。重度HIE组患儿血浆NO、TNF-α、IL-6水平入院时较正常对照组水平明显升高（P〈0．01），生后第1天达高峰，持续至生后第3天，生后第10天时血浆NO、TNF—α恢复至正常对照组水平，但血浆IL-6水平虽有下降但仍明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。（2）入院时、生后第1天重度HIE组血浆NO、TNF—α、IL-6水平均明显高于中度HIE组（P〈0．01）。生后第3天重度HIE组血浆NO、TNF—α、IL-6水平也明显高于中度HIE组（P〈0．01）。（3）中、重度HIE组血浆NO与TNF—α、IL-6水平均呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论：新生儿HIE血浆NO、TNF—α、IL-6水平变化与HIE严重程度有关。     

阻塞性黄疸患者血浆内毒素和血清肿瘤坏死因子α水平的研究

检测29例恶性肿瘤所致的阻塞性黄疸患者的外周血血浆ET、血清TNF－α水平，发现血浆ET及血清TNF－α水平均明显升高，二者有一定的相关关系（r=0．4531，P＜0．02），两者水平与术前黄疸持续时间，血清Bil和AKP水平及术后并发症发生率亦有一定关系。     

肝硬化患者血浆和腹水中一氧化氮、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子α的研究

目的 :研究肝硬化患者血浆和腹水一氧化氮 (NO)、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的变化及其意义。方法 :用比色法、ELISA法分别测定 5 0例肝硬化患者血浆和腹水的NO、IL - 6及TNFα。结果 :肝硬化组血浆和腹水NO、IL- 6及TNFα水平均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。腹水渗出液中NO、IL - 6及TNFα水平明显高于漏出液 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 )。结论 :检测血浆和腹水中NO、IL - 6及TNFα有助于肝硬化腹水的鉴别诊断     

肝硬化患者血浆及腹水中一氧化氮和内毒素的检测及其关系探讨

为探讨一氧化氮（NO）、内毒素（ET）在失代偿期肝硬化患者中的作用及其相互关系,检测24例失代偿期肝硬化患者血浆及腹水。NO采用硝酸还原酶法,ET采用鲎试剂检测法。结果,失代偿期肝硬化患者血浆及腹水中NO、ET水平均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。腹水中ET水平明显高于血浆水平（P〈0．05）。血浆及腹水中NO水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。NO与ET相关分析无差异（P〉0．05）。提示ET、NO可能参与了失代偿期肝硬化的发生机制;ET可通过肠淋巴管形成内毒素腹水症。     

阿托伐他汀钙对颈动脉狭窄患者介入支架术后血炎性因子变化及预后的影响

目的：探讨阿托伐他汀钙对颈动脉狭窄患者介入支架术后血炎性因子变化及预后的影响。方法：收集颈动脉狭窄患者74例,随机分为实验组和对照组,各37例,对照组仅采用CAS治疗,实验组采用阿托伐他汀钙辅助CAS治疗。观察两组患者术前、术后第1天、3天、7天时炎性因子的变化及并发症发生情况。结果：术后第1天、3天时,两组血清hs－CRP、IL－6、IL－8及TNF－α水平均显著高于同组术前（P＜0．05）;术后第7天时,对照组血清hs－CRP、IL－6、IL－8及TNF－α水平均显著高于同组术前（P＜0．05）,但实验组仅有TNF－α水平高于同组术前（P＜0．05）。两组术前血清炎性因子无明显差异,但实验组在术后1d、3d、7d时,血清hs－CRP、IL－6、IL－8及TNF－α水平均低于对照组相同时间点时的水平（P＜0．05）。实验组总并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：阿托伐他汀钙能有效减低CAS术后炎性因子水平,减轻炎症反应,降低并发症的发生,促进术后康复,值得临床借鉴。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.