骨形成蛋白2基因转染的人牙周膜成纤维细胞的生物学特性

目的建立表达骨形成蛋白2(BMPS)的人牙周膜成纤维细胞(HPDLFS)并观察其生物学特性。方法利用脂质体将BMP2噬菌粒表达载体pBK-B2转染至HPDLFs,免疫组化ABC法检测BMP2基因的表达,并检测转染细胞的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力、骨钙素(OC)含量和矿化能力。结果转染BMP2基因后,HPDLFs内有BMP2蛋白的表达,ALP活力、OC含量和矿化结节数量均显著增加。结论BMP2基因在HPDLFs中得到表达并促进其向成骨样细胞分化。     

pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2载体的构建及对人牙龈成纤维细胞表型的影响

目的:构建hBMP2基因的真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2并观察其对人牙龈成纤维细胞表型的影响. 方法:采用RT-PCR方法从人成骨肉瘤细胞中克隆hBMP2基因,连接T 载体并测序正确后与真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP连接,酶切鉴定后转染入HEK293细胞中,利用荧光显微镜和Western Blot进行表达鉴定,最后转染人牙龈成纤维细胞,通过MTT实验观察转染hBMP2后对人牙龈成纤维细胞增殖特性、ALP活性、OC含量、体外矿化能力的影响. 结果:成功克隆了人BMP2基因,酶切鉴定及测序均正确,真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2能正确表达hBMP2蛋白,hBMP2对人牙龈成纤维细胞增殖特性无影响,但可增强其ALP活性、OC含量及体外矿化能力. 结论:构建了hBMP2基因的真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2,该基因可促进人牙龈成纤维细胞向成骨细胞方向分化.     

接骨七厘胶囊通过激活BMP/Smad信号通路促进大鼠桡骨骨折愈合

【目的】探讨接骨七厘胶囊通过激活骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）/Smad信号通路对大鼠桡骨骨折愈合的改善作用。【方法】（1）构建大鼠桡骨骨折模型,检测大鼠血清中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、钙（Ca）和磷的含量,观察骨折间隙的病理学变化。（2）培养人骨肉瘤细胞SaOS-2,检测ALP活性、矿化水平,实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）法检测细胞成骨相关基因ALP、胶原Ⅰ（COL-Ⅰ）、鸟氨酸转氨酶（OTC）、Osterix、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、Runt相关转录因子2(RUNX2)、BMP2表达,Western Blot法检测细胞BMP/Smad信号通路中关键蛋白的表达。【结果】接骨七厘胶囊促进大鼠桡骨骨折愈合,增强ALP活性,增加钙和磷含量。接骨七厘胶囊刺激SaOS-2细胞矿化结节的形成,并以剂量依赖的方式促进SaOS-2细胞中COL-I、OTC、Osterix、BMP2和OPN的表达水平。接骨七厘胶囊处理可上调SaOS-2细胞BMP/Smad信号通路Smad1/5磷酸化水平以及BMP2和RUNX2的水平。BMP/Smad信号通路的抑制剂Noggin抑制接骨七厘胶囊诱导的SaOS-2细胞成骨分化。...     

AP2α在BMP9诱导C3H10成骨分化中的作用及机制探讨

目的：研究转录蛋白2（activator protein 2,AP2）α在骨形态发生蛋白（bone morphogenetic protein,BMP）9诱导小鼠间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化中的作用及可能的分子机制。方法：重组腺病毒 Ad-BMP9感染小鼠C3H10细胞,显性负性突变体AP2α-△bHLH和AP2α-△TAD抑制 AP2α转录活性,通过RT-PCR、real-time PCR检测AP2α、BMP9及成骨相关基因的表达水平,Western blot检测骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）表达,碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）活性测定、茜红素染色实验观测C3H10成骨分化。结果：BMP9具有强促成骨分化的作用,对AP2α的表达水平无影响,AP2α显性负性突变体可抑制BMP9诱导的成骨基因骨钙蛋白（osteocalcin,OC）、OPN及骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）表达的增高（OC：F=56.929,P=0.000;OPN：F=54.789,P=0.000;OPG：F=159.451,P=0.000）,ALP活性（F=69.776,P=0.000）及红色钙盐沉积减少。结论：BMP9可能通过影响AP2α的转录活性调控成骨分化进程。     

骨形态蛋白2 siRNA靶向抑制对体外培养人脐动脉平滑肌细胞成骨样分化及钙化的影响

目的研究骨形态蛋白2（BMP2）小分子干扰RNA（siRNA）靶向抑制对人脐动脉平滑肌细胞（HUASMC）由白介素6（IL-6）诱导刺激的成骨样分化和细胞层钙化的影响。方法以体外培养的原代HUASMC作为实验对象。建立RNA干扰（RNAi）实验平台,通过FAM标记阴性对照siRNA优化转染条件;将BMP2基因的4条候选siRNA分别转染原代HUASMC,Real-TimePCR检测BMP2mRNA表达,筛选有效抑制siRNA。将复苏的原代HUASMC分为siRNA转染组（转染有效抑制siRNA）和模拟转染组（对照组,不转染siRNA）,两组均加入重组人IL-6（rhIL-6）（10ng/mL）刺激孵育,Real-TimePCR检测刺激孵育12、48h时点成骨样转化相关基因BMP2、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、骨钙素（OC）和骨桥蛋白（OPN）mRNA表达。将复苏的原代HUASMC分为siRNA转染组、对照组和空白组（不予rhIL-6刺激孵育,其余处理与对照组相同）,siRNA转染组和对照组均加入rhIL-6（50ng/mL）刺激孵育,甲氧-酚酞络合酮法检测rhIL-6刺激孵育前及孵育后2、4d时点各组HUASMC细胞层钙盐含量,以总蛋白含量校正。结果成功建立合适的RNAi实验平台。10ng/mLrhIL-6刺激孵育后12h时点,siRNA转染组HUASMC BMP2和BAPmRNA表达明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;刺激孵育后48h时点,siRNA转染组OC和OPNmRNA表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。加入50ng/mLrhIL-6刺激孵育前,siRNA转染组、对照组和空白组HUASMC细胞层钙盐含量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;在siRNA转染组,50ng/mLrhIL-6刺激孵育后2、4d时点的细胞层钙盐含量均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,刺激孵育后2d时点的细胞层钙盐含量明显高于空白组（P〈0.05）。结论体外培养的原代HUASMC能够实现BMP2基因的siRNA靶向抑制,能显著抑制由IL-6诱导刺激的成骨样分化和钙化。     

pEGFP-N1-BMP2真核表达载体的构建及其经超声微泡介导转染HPDLFs后的表达

目的 构建pEGFP-N1-BMP2真核表达质粒,并检测其经超声微泡转基因技术转染人牙周膜成纤维细胞(HPDLFs)后的瞬时表达情况.方法 从人胎盘滋养层细胞系中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法获得目的 基因人骨形成蛋白-2(hBMP2)基因片段,连接pMD19-T载体并测序正确后与真核荧光表达载体pEGFP-N1连接,酶切鉴定后利用超声微泡转基因技术转染入HPDLFs中,通过荧光显微镜和RT-PCR检测目的 基因在HPDLFs中的表达.结果 成功克隆人BMP2基因,重组质粒pEGFP-N1-BMP2经PCR及双酶切鉴定均证实hBMP2基因已与pEGFP-N1正确重组.pEGFP-N1-BMP2经超声微泡转染HPDLFs后,通过绿色荧光观察和RT-PCR检测证实hBMP2能够在体外培养的HPDLFs内有效的转录和瞬时表达.结论 成功构建pEGFP-N1-BMP2真核表达载体,通过超声微泡转基因技术成功转染入HPDLFs并得到有效表达,为进一步研究该质粒与超声微泡转基因技术在牙周再生基因治疗中的应用提供实验基础.     

骨形态蛋白2 siRNA靶向抑制对体外培养人脐动脉平滑肌细胞成骨样分化及钙化的影响

目的 研究骨形态蛋白2（BMP2）小分子干扰RNA（siRNA）靶向抑制对人脐动脉平滑肌细胞（HUASMC）由白介素6（IL-6）诱导刺激的成骨样分化和细胞层钙化的影响。方法 以体外培养的原代HUASMC作为实验对象。建立RNA干扰（RNAi）实验平台,通过FAM标记阴性对照siRNA优化转染条件;将BMP2基因的4条候选siRNA分别转染原代HUASMC,Real-Time PCR检测BMP2 mRNA表达,筛选有效抑制siRNA。将复苏的原代HUASMC分为siRNA转染组（转染有效抑制siRNA）和模拟转染组（对照组,不转染siRNA）,两组均加入重组人IL-6（rhIL-6）(10 ng/mL)刺激孵育,Real-Time PCR检测刺激孵育12、48 h时点成骨样转化相关基因BMP2、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、骨钙素（OC）和骨桥蛋白（OPN）mRNA表达。将复苏的原代HUASMC分为siRNA转染组、对照组和空白组(不予rhIL-6刺激孵育,其余处理与对照组相同),siRNA转染组和对照组均加入rhIL-6（50 ng/mL）刺激孵育,甲氧－酚酞络合酮法检测rhIL-6刺激孵育前及孵育后2、4 d时点各组HUASMC细胞层钙盐含量,以总蛋白含量校正。结果 成功建立合适的RNAi实验平台。10 ng/mL rhIL-6刺激孵育后12 h时点,siRNA转染组HUASMC BMP2和BAP mRNA表达明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;刺激孵育后48 h时点,siRNA转染组OC和OPN mRNA表达显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。加入50 ng/mL rhIL-6刺激孵育前,siRNA转染组、对照组和空白组HUASMC细胞层钙盐含量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在siRNA转染组,50 ng/mL rhIL-6刺激孵育后2 、4 d时点的细胞层钙盐含量均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,刺激孵育后2 d时点的细胞层钙盐含量明显高于空白组（P<0.05）。结论 体外培养的原代HUASMC能够实现BMP2基因的siRNA靶向抑制,能显著抑制由IL-6诱导刺激的成骨样分化和钙化。     

慢病毒介导BMP2和VEGF165基因共转染对骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化的影响

目的观察慢病毒介导骨形成蛋白2(BMP2)和血管内皮生长因子165(VEGF165)基因共转染对骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)成骨分化的影响。方法构建携带BMP2、VEGF165和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的重组慢病毒表达载体,包装、生产携带BMP2、VEGF165和GFP基因的重组慢病毒(Lv-BMP、Lv-VEGF、Lv-GFP)。分离、培养W istar大鼠骨髓MSCs,分别以Lv-GFP(GFP组)、Lv-BMP(BMP组)、Lv-VEGF(VEGF组)转染MSCs,Lv-BMP和Lv-VEGF共转染MSCs(BMP+VEGF组),另设未转染MSCs对照组。RT-PCR法检测转染后7 d各组细胞BMP2、VEGF165 mRNA表达以及转染后1、2、4周各组细胞骨钙素(OCN)mRNA表达;ELISA法检测转染后1、4、8周各组细胞培养上清液BMP2、VEGF165蛋白表达以及转染后1、2、4周各组细胞培养上清液OCN蛋白表达;转染后第14天,各组细胞行碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色和ALP活性检测。结果 BMP+VEGF组BMP2、VEGF165 mRNA和蛋白高效共表达,BMP2 mRNA和蛋白表达与BMP...     

TNF-α对大鼠牙乳头细胞中BMP2及相关蛋白的表达调节研究

目的:在大鼠牙乳头间充质细胞中探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)对骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)及矿化相关蛋白的表达调控。方法:体外分离培养SD新生大鼠牙乳头间充质细胞,在添加TNF-α梯度的血清培养基中诱导培养,RT-PCR、WB及ELISA方法检测骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)表达情况;添加TNF-α不同时间梯度,RT-PCR、WB检测成骨分化标志蛋白碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨涎蛋白(BSP)表达变化。结果:TNF-α处理后,大鼠牙乳头间充质细胞中BMP2表达上调,ALP、BSP表达有所提高。结论:在大鼠牙乳头细胞中,TNF-α能够上调BMP2表达,进而诱导成牙骨质细胞矿化相关蛋白ALP,BSP表达,对牙齿发育矿化可能起到促进作用。     

骨形成蛋白BMP2基因在人骨髓基质细胞中的表达及对其成骨分化的影响

目的：利用构建的人骨形成蛋白BMP2真核表达载体pcDNA3／BMP2,检测其转染人骨髓基质细胞后的表达及对其成骨分化的影响．方法：酶切鉴定构建的真核表达载体pcDNA3／BMV2,利用脂质体介导的转染技术,将所构建的载体导入骨髓基质细胞中,体外单层培养．分别于转染后48h和4wk,采用原位杂交、免疫组化和碱性磷酸酶、钙化学染色方法检测BMV2的基因蛋白表达以及对骨髓基质细胞成骨分化的影响．结果：pcDNA3／BMP2酶切片段的大小与理论相符,转染后细胞能检测到BMP2基因和BMP2蛋白表达,并促进成骨转化．结论：pcDNA3／BMP2转染骨髓基质干细胞中可获得短暂和长期表达,并加强骨髓基质细胞的成骨分化能力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.