马齿苋总黄酮对缺血再灌注心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 研究马齿苋总黄酮(portulaca total flavone,PTF)对新生大鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 取体外培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞于缺氧24h复氧lh造成缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤模型,观察细胞损伤情况,并将PTF终浓度为5、10、20mg/L分别加入培养基中,预处理24h后,再置于上述缺氧复氧环境中培养,测定以上不同条件下心肌细胞上清液中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,并测定各组细胞内Ca2+浓度.结果 与正常对照组相比较,缺血组和再灌组细胞上清液中LDH、CK、MDA含量明显升高(P＜0.01),SOD活力则显著降低(P＜0.01),缺血组和再灌组细胞内Ca2+浓度均明显升高(P＜0.01).而用PTF预处理后缺血组和再灌组的LDH、CK、MDA显著低于用药前(P＜0.01),SOD高于缺血组和再灌组(P＜0.01);PTF组(20mg/L)对正常心肌细胞内Ca2+浓度影响小(P＞0.05);与PDGF-BB诱导增殖组比较,PIF(5、10、20 mg/L)药物干预组心肌细胞Ca2+浓度明显降低(P＜0.05),且存在明显的剂量效应关系.结论 PTF对缺血再灌心肌细胞有保护作用,其作用机制可能与增强抗氧化能力、减轻钙超载有关.     

丙泊酚预处理对大鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨丙泊酚对缺氧 /复氧心肌细胞损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法　将原代培养的乳鼠心室肌细胞分为正常对照与丙泊酚不同浓度处理组 ,分别以 0、 12 5、 2 5、 5 0、 10 0 μmol/L丙泊酚预处理 2 0min后 ,予以缺氧3h复氧 1h。结果　与对照组相比 ,单纯缺氧 /复氧 (0 μmol/L组 )细胞活力与超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性显著下降 ,乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、肌酸激酶 (CK)、丙二醛 (MDA)水平显著升高 (P <0 0 1)。丙泊酚预处理以剂量依赖性减轻细胞活力下降及LDH、CK水平上升 ,并拮抗MDA水平上升及SOD活性下降的作用 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 ) ,2 5μmol/L组保护作用达峰值 (P <0 0 1)。结论　丙泊酚以剂量依赖性保护缺氧 /复氧心肌细胞损伤 ,2 5 μmol/L该作用达峰值。其机制可能与丙泊酚的抗氧化作用有关     

大豆苷元对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的观察大豆苷元对乳鼠心肌细胞损伤的影响并探讨其机理。方法体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞,制备缺氧/复氧损伤模型,测定细胞存活率、上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、肌酸激酶(CK)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量。结果大豆苷元10~160μmol/L均能提高缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞的存活率和用MTT法测得的A570 nm值(P<0.01);抑制缺氧/复氧损伤引起心肌细胞的LDH和CK释放;减少MDA的生成,提高SOD的活性,抑制NOS活性,降低NO水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论大豆苷元对乳鼠缺氧/复氧损伤的心肌细胞具有保护作用。     

葛根素对培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的 研究葛根素(Pue)处理后对培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法 原代培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,建立缺氧/复氧损伤模型,分为缺氧/复氧对照组和缺氧/复氧 葛根素保护组(葛根素浓度分别为1、0.1、0.01g/L).观察各组心肌细胞形态结构及超微结构的变化,测定心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量和一氧化氮(NO)分泌量,以及Pue对上述指标的影响.流式细胞仪计数各组细胞凋亡率.结果 Pue可明显提高SOD和LDH活性,降低MDA含量,减少NO分泌量,差异均有高度统计学意义(均P<0.01);电镜下治疗组心肌细胞结构接近正常;流式细胞仪计数治疗组细胞凋亡率明显低于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 葛根素处理对体外培养心肌细胞模拟缺氧/复氧损伤模型有明显的保护作用,其保护机制可能与葛根素稳定心肌细胞膜和减轻氧自由基损伤,并且抑制缺氧/复氧损伤中的心肌细胞凋亡有关.     

利多卡因预处理对H9c2心肌细胞缺氧复氧性损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨不同梯度浓度利多卡因预处理对缺氧复氧(H/R)引起的心肌细胞损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 实验随机分为7组：正常对照组(NC组)、缺氧复氧损伤对照组(HR组);利多卡因预处理组（LP组）,根据利多卡因的不同浓度对分为LP1（1μmol/L）、LP2（2.5μmol/L）、LP3（5μmol/L）、LP4（10μmol/L）、LP5（20μmol/L）组,每组6孔。心肌细胞损伤程度以心肌细胞活力和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性来表示,同时检测心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 与NC组比较,HR组细胞活力显著减弱,LDH释放量显著增加,并且MDA含量增多,SOD活性降低;与HR组比较,L2~5组细胞活力显著增强,LDH释放量显著降低;并且MDA含量下降,SOD活性增强;且细胞活力强弱的变化与LDH释放量、MDA含量呈负相关,与SOD活性呈正相关（P均<0.01）。细胞活力的增强与利多卡因浓度的增加呈正相关,与LDH释放量和MDA含量减呈负相关（均P <0.05）。结论 利多卡因可能通过抑制心肌细胞脂质过氧化,呈浓度依赖性地减轻心肌细胞的缺氧复氧损伤。     

二氮嗪预处理在培养的未成熟鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的保护作用

目的　研究线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂二氮嗪预处理对培养的未成熟心肌细胞的保护作用。方法　传代培养的未成熟S -D大鼠心肌细胞 ,随机分为对照组、缺氧 /复氧组 (缺氧 3h、复氧 3h)、二氮嗪 (30 μmol/L)组、格列本脲 (10 μmol/L)组、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD ,3× 10 5U/L) /过氧化氢酶 (CAT ,4 .5× 10 5U/L)组、N - 2乙酰丙酰基甘氨酸 (MPG ,10 0 μmol/L)组。实验结束时全自动生化仪检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性、台盼蓝染色法计算细胞死亡率、硫代巴比妥酸法测定细胞内丙二醛 (MDA)含量、铈化学染色法观察细胞线粒体结构。结果二氮嗪预处理后细胞死亡率、细胞内MDA含量、培养液中LDH活性较缺氧 /复氧组降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,铈 -氧自由基 (Ce -ROS)形成减少 ;格列本脲、SOD/CAT和MPG可以阻断此保护作用。结论　二氮嗪预处理对未成熟心肌有保护作用 ,这种保护作用与氧自由基有关     

PI3K/Akt通路在硫化氢后处理保护心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用

目的探讨硫化氢后处理对原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法以硫氢化钠(NaHS)作为外源性硫化氢供体。原代培养新生大鼠的心肌细胞随机分为5组:①正常对照组;②缺氧复氧组(hypoxia-reoxygenation,HR组);③二甲基亚砜组(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO组);④硫化氢后处理组(hydrogen sulfide post-con-ditioning,H2S组);⑤LY294002+H2S后处理组(LY+H2S组)。分别于缺氧前和复氧2 h检测各组的心肌细胞存活率、培养液中CK和LDH的活性;复氧末,用流式细胞学技术检测各组心肌细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测HIF-1α、p-Akt与Akt蛋白的表达情况。结果通过比较可知,复氧2 h时,H2S组心肌细胞存活率较HR组升高显著[(71.55±1.46)%vs(62.03±1.29)%,P<0.01],CK、LDH活性以及心肌细胞凋亡率明显降低[(244.99±21.38)U/L vs(329.53±26.14)U/L,(371.64±18.62)U/L vs(427.69±13.25)U/L,(...     

葛根素对大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的:研究葛根素对培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(A/R)损伤的拮抗作用。方法:葛根素(50和100mg/L)预处理24h后作用于乳鼠心肌细胞A/R损伤模型,运用MTT法测定细胞存活率,比色法测定细胞培养液中LDH和细胞内SOD活性及MDA含量。运用流式细胞术Annexin V-PI双染法测定细胞凋亡变化。结果:与A/R模型组比较,葛根素明显提高细胞存活率,增加胞内SOD活性,降低培养液中LDH释放量和胞内MDA含量;同时降低细胞的凋亡率。结论:葛根素对A/R损伤心肌细胞具有保护作用,其机制可能与清除自由基的产生有关。     

九龙藤总黄酮对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的研究九龙藤总黄酮(BCF)对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用。方法分离出生1~3 d的大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,培养72 h后随机分为空白对照组、缺氧/复氧模型组、九龙藤总黄酮(60、120和240μg/ml)干预组和舒血宁注射液(SXN,100μg/ml)阳性对照组,每组设8个复孔。药物干预6 h后,观察各组细胞形态学变化,通过MTT比色法测定细胞存活率;测定各组细胞培养液中谷草氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量;测定各组细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量;通过流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率。结果与空白对照组相比,缺氧/复氧模型组心肌细胞形态明显异常、细胞存活数明显减少,培养液中AST、CPK、LDH释放量显著升高,细胞中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性显著降低且MDA含量显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与缺氧/复氧模型组比较,九龙藤总黄酮120、240μg/ml干预组心肌细胞形态明显好转,存活细胞数明显增加,培养液中AST、CPK释放量显著减少,细胞中SOD、CAT活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,并且九龙藤总黄酮240μg/ml干预组培养液中LDH释放量显著降低及细胞中GSH-Px活性显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论九龙藤总黄酮能够有效改善缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞形态、提高细胞存活率、改善抗氧化酶活性、抑制氧化应激损伤、并降低细胞凋亡率,提示九龙藤总黄酮对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤具有剂量依赖性的保护作用。     

依达拉奉对原代海马神经元缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

目的:研究依达拉奉对原代培养海马神经元缺氧复氧损伤的保护机制.方法:建立离体海马神经元缺氧复氧的细胞损伤模型,实验分组为正常对照组、缺氧复氧组、依达拉奉干预组,其中依达拉奉干预浓度分为1、10、100和300 μmol/L.观察海马细胞四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)代谢率、丙二醛(MDA)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化,流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡.结果:与缺氧复氧组相比,依达拉奉100μmol/L组和300 μmol/L组的MTT代谢率显著增高(P＜0.01),MDA含量降低(P＜0.05),NOS活性降低(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率降低(P＜0.01).结论:依达拉奉能够有效地抑制脂质过氧化作用,降低MDA及NOS活性,减少细胞凋亡率,对缺氧损伤的神经元具有显著的神经保护作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.