微型腹腔镜治疗小儿鞘膜积液

目的 探讨微型腹腔镜治疗小儿鞘膜积液的新方法。方法 2000年11月-2002年3月应用微型腹腔镜缝扎内环口方法治疗小儿鞘膜积液103例，年龄1岁-9岁。结果 手术时间5分钟-8分钟。伤口不需缝合，术后无疤痕。住院时间(4-5)天。全部病例均得到随访，随访时间术后1月、6月、1年，除2例1月内复发(1．9％)，余患儿症状消失，恢复良好。结论 微型腹腔镜缝扎内环口治疗小儿鞘膜积液，切口小，损伤小，操作简单，可同时发现及处理隐性内环口未闭。     

腹腔镜内环口高位结扎联合生物蛋白胶填塞治疗小儿疝120例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及交通性鞘膜积液的手术方法。方法:用腹腔镜高位缝扎联合生物蛋白胶填塞内环口,治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及交通性鞘膜积液120例,均于腹腔镜下行内环口荷包缝合高位结扎术、明胶海绵和纤维蛋白封闭剂填塞内环口、阴囊积液抽出术。结果:手术时间单侧5～10min,双侧10～20min。术后平均住院1.5d,皮肤切口无需拆线。无并发症发生。随访6～36个月,平均24个月,未见复发。结论:腹腔镜内环口高位结扎明胶海绵和纤维蛋白封闭剂填塞内环口,阴囊积液抽出术,具有安全有效、患者创伤小、无瘢痕、康复快、住院时间短、操作简便等优点,无需特殊手术器械,术后无阴囊感染、睾丸扭转、缺血坏死、切口感染、髂腹股沟及髂腹下神经损伤、腹股沟区疼痛麻木等并发症发生,疗效满意。     

腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液

目的:探讨腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗鞘膜积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法:2004年7月至2012年1月于气管插管全麻下为1 182例鞘膜积液患儿行腹腔镜内环口缝扎术。其中男1 128例,女54例;单侧957例,双侧225例;交通性鞘膜积液554例,精索鞘膜积液223例,睾丸鞘膜积液405例。其中隐性鞘膜积液383例,复发性鞘膜积液38例。结果:1 182例患儿均顺利完成麻醉和手术,手术时间8～12 min,平均10 min。术中出血少于1 ml,无一例发生麻醉意外、脏器损伤及中转开腹,治愈率99.58%,腹部切口甲级愈合率100%。术后复发5例,切口大网膜疝出3例,阴囊水肿血肿29例;无一例发生切口感染、肠粘连、睾丸萎缩。结论:气管插管全麻腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液具有麻醉安全、组织创伤小、出血少、操作简单、术后康复快、并发症少、安全、美观、有效等优点,可达到治愈目的;适于任何类型的小儿鞘膜积液,值得广泛应用。     

改良单孔腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液57例体会

目的探讨改良单孔腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床疗效。方法行改良单孔腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液57例,单侧50例,双侧7例。均在单孔腹腔镜下行改良内环口荷包缝合高位结扎术。结果单侧手术时间平均15(12~18)min,双侧手术时间平均25(22~28)min,术中发现隐匿性疝5例,均在直视下一并进行高位结扎术,找到输精管及精索血管并避开。术中无明显出血及血肿,无阴囊积气及其他副损伤,术后平均住院2 d,切口以可吸收线缝合腹膜及皮下1针。术后平均随访12(6~24)个月,无复发,无切口及阴囊感染,无睾丸扭转、睾丸萎缩及发育异常等并发症发生。结论改良单孔腹腔镜内环口缝扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液具有安全有效、创伤小、无瘢痕、康复快、住院时间短、操作简便、无需特殊器械等优点,值得基层医院推广。     

单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿交通性鞘膜积液疗效观察

目的:探讨单孔腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术治疗小儿交通性鞘膜积液的可行性。方法:回顾性分析腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床资料,探讨小儿鞘膜积液手术方法的安全性和有效性。结果:单孔腹腔镜鞘状突管高位结扎,手术过程顺利,无一例中转为开放手术,术中均发现未闭合鞘状突。手术瘢痕小且隐蔽,复发率低。结论:单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿交通性鞘膜积液手术安全可行。     

腹腔镜辅助经皮腹膜外鞘状突缝合环扎治疗小儿鞘膜积液

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助带线针经皮腹膜外鞘状突缝合环扎治疗小儿鞘膜积液的效果。方法回顾分析2008年7月至2009年4月21例鞘膜积液患儿采用腹腔镜治疗资料，年龄中位数2岁（1岁-6岁），术前诊断左侧7例，右侧10例，双侧4例。腹腔镜直视下用5ml注射器将生理盐水注射于内环口后壁腹膜外，水压分离腹膜与输精管、精索血管间隙，2-0不吸收带线针穿刺入腹腔，缝合环扎鞘状突，打结于腹膜外皮下。结果手术时间平均25min（15～60min），无腹内脏器损伤、阴囊血肿、伤口感染等。手术前后血红蛋白、血碳酸氢根比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。6例（28．6％）术前诊断为单侧者在术中确诊对侧存在开放鞘状突，同法处理。术后住院时间1d-5d（平均2d）。随访1个月～10个月，无复发、切口疝及睾丸萎缩等发生。结论腹腔镜小儿鞘膜积液腹膜外缝合环扎可行、微创、安全、美容效果好。     

腹腔镜治疗小儿疝及鞘膜积液180例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及交通性鞘膜积液的新方法。方法：行腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜驰及交通性鞘膜积液180例,其中小儿腹股沟斜疝150例,右侧80例,左侧40例,双侧30例;单侧斜疝中20例有对侧隐性疝;交通性鞘膜积液30例,右侧20例,左侧10例。均在腹腔镜下行内环口荷包缝合高位结扎术＋积液抽出术。结果：手术时间单侧疝平均5-10min,双侧疝10～20min。术后平均1．5d出院,皮肤切口无需缝线。无并发症发生。随访6～24个月,平均12个月,未见复发。结论：腹腔镜下内环口高位结扎术＋积液抽出术具有安全有效、创伤小、无瘢痕、康复快、住院时间短、操作简便、无需特殊器械等优点,无阴囊感染、睾丸扭转及缺血坏死、切口感染、髂腹沟及髂腹下神经损伤、腹股沟区疼痛麻木等并发症发生,疗效满意。     

腹腔镜下自制缝针治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床应用

目的总结腹腔镜下自制缝针治疗小儿鞘膜积液的技巧及其优缺点。方法对本院腹腔镜下自制缝针治疗小儿鞘膜积液152例手术资料进行回顾性分析。结果 152例患者顺利完成手术,平均手术时间7min,隐性内环口未闭22例,无并发症,120例接受随访3～24个月,复发2例。结论腹腔镜下自制缝针治疗小儿鞘膜积液安全可靠、创伤小、疗效好、恢复快、可推广。     

腹腔镜治疗小儿疝合并睾丸精索鞘膜积液临床研究(附100例报告)

目的 探讨应用腹腔镜治疗小儿疝合并睾丸精索鞘膜积液的新方法.方法 采集我院1996年3月至2011年3月应用腹腔镜治疗小儿疝合并睾丸精索鞘膜积液100例,其中右侧60例,左侧30例,双侧10例.术前挤压积液变少50例,积液无变化40例,积液能完全挤入腹腔10例.患者均在腹腔镜下行内环口荷包缝合高位结扎及积液抽出术或积液挤入腹腔内.结果 手术时间单侧平均5 min,双侧10 min,术后平均1.5 d出院,无并发症.随访6个月至6年,无复发.结论 小儿疝合并睾丸精索鞘膜积液腹腔镜下内环口高位结扎术及积液抽出或积液挤入腹腔内,具有安全有效,创伤小、无瘢痕,恢复快,住院时间短,操作简便,无需特殊器械,无阴囊感染、睾丸扭转及缺血坏死、切口感染、腹股沟区疼痛麻木等并发症,疗效满意等特点.     

腹腔镜在小儿外科疾病中的应用

目的:总结应用腹腔镜技术开展小儿外科手术的经验。方法:腹腔镜手术52例,其中经后腹腔入路离断性肾盂成形术3例,肾囊肿去顶术1例,经腹腔入路行小儿腹股沟斜疝及小儿交通性鞘膜积液内环口结扎术35例,阑尾切除术6例、肾母细胞瘤破裂止血活检术1例,隐睾探查松解下降固定术6例。结果:除1例因隐睾位于近肾下极处腹腔镜手术困难中转开放手术外,其余手术均获成功。住院时间1～7d,随访1.5个月～2年,无并发症发生,疝及鞘膜积液无复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝、小儿交通性鞘膜积液、不能触及的隐睾、肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄等疾病时,手术效果与传统手术相同,且手术时间短,术中出血量少,切口微小,术后患儿康复快,值得临床推广。     

New onset of hydroceles in boys over 1 year of age

AIM: The presentation, and medical and surgical management of all new onset non-congenital hydroceles in boys older than 1 year of age were examined. Of particular interest was the outcome of those patients who presented with a non-communicating hydrocele that developed after the first year of life and was managed conservatively. METHODS: All patients older than 12 months of age who were evaluated as outpatients with the diagnosis of hydrocele from January 1994 to January 2001 were identified. Possible risk factors and predisposing conditions were determined. For the patients who had surgical correction, surgical indications were identified. For non-surgical patients, long-term outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 302 patients older than 12 months of age with the diagnosis of new onset hydrocele were identified. Of these, 35% were non-communicating, 59% were communicating, and 6% were hydroceles of the spermatic cord. In terms of surgery, 97% of communicating hydroceles, 71% of hydroceles of the spermatic cord, and 34% of non-communicating hydroceles had operative management. Seventy patients with non-communicating hydroceles did not receive surgery and 51 (73%) were contacted for long term follow-up. In these 51 patients, 76% of non-communicating hydroceles resolved completely, 6% decreased in size but were still present, 14% remained the same size, and 4% had an unknown status. The average time to resolution was 5.6 months with a median time of 3 months. The time range to resolution was from 1 day to 24 months. Follow-up averaged 73.7 months with a range of 33 to 120 months. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 75% of new onset, non-congenital, non-communicating hydroceles resolve spontaneously irrespective of size. An observation period of 6-12 months would be appropriate prior to repair.     

Modified single-port minilaparoscopic extraperitoneal repair for pediatric hydrocele: a single-center experience with 279 surgeries

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to introduce our experience of a modified single-port minilaparoscopic technique for the treatment of pediatric hydrocele.

Methods

Between June 2008 and May 2012, 279 boys (115 communicating hydrocele and 164 “non-communicating” hydrocele, diagnosis based on preoperative physical examination and scrotal ultrasound) underwent the modified single-port minilaparoscopic repair in our institution. During surgery, a 3-mm laparoscope was inserted into the abdomen through a mini-umbilical incision. The hydrocele sac orifice was closed by an extraperitoneal purse-string suture placed around the internal ring with an ordinary taper needle and an endoclose needle.

Results

Of all the 279 patients, 16 (5.7 %) were found to have a potential patent processus vaginalis (PPV) on the contralateral side. Of the 164 boys diagnosed with “non-communicating” hydrocele preoperatively, 5 (3.0 %) had no PPV identified in laparoscope and the other 159 (97.0 %) had PPV actually. A total of 274 single-port minilaparoscopic procedures were performed, and all cases were successful without serious complications. The mean operative time was 19.5 and 24.8 min for unilateral and bilateral operations, respectively. Postoperative complications were noted in 4 cases, 2 (0.7 %) patients with scrotal edema, 1 (0.4 %) patient experienced an umbilical hernia, and 1 (0.4 %) patient with suture site abscess. During a median follow-up period of 9 months (range 6–24 months), postoperative hydrocele recurrence was seen in 2 patients (0.7 %).

Conclusions

This modified single-port minilaparoscopic technique is a safe, effective, and reliable procedure for pediatric hydroceles.     

The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 in communicating and non-communicating hydrocele

Purpose

Repair of inguinal hernia and hydrocele are one of the most common operations performed by surgeons. However, the exact biological mechanism responsible for the closure of processus vaginalis (PV) is not completely understood. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a potent fibrogenic agent and probably stimulate fibrosis and disappearing of PV.

Methods

From September 2012 to December 2014, all boys from 1 to 5 years who were referred for surgery of hydrocele were divided into two groups of communicating (HC) or non-communicating hydrocele (HNC). During surgery, the fluid in the sac was aspirated and sent for biochemical evaluation including calcium, phosphorus, total protein, and TGF-β1. Finally, a biopsy of the sac was sent to the pathology. The results obtained were considered statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Results

The patients were categorized into two groups of non-communicating hydrocele, including 43 patients and communicating, including 33. The patients studied were aged 1–5 years (mean 33.6 months). Biochemical tests on hydrocele fluid showed no significant difference in the levels of calcium, phosphorus, total protein, and bilirubin between two groups. However, mean TGF-β1 in NHC was found to be 53.45–114.28 pg/ml in HC group. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.04) was obtained. Furthermore, the study showed higher amounts of muscles in NHC (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The amount of TGF-β1 was higher in HC fluid than in non-communicating. To investigate the role of cytokine in the closure of PV, further studies will be required.

     

Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children

PURPOSE: Hydrocele seems to be the most frequent complication in children who undergo surgery for varicocele and the issue of the optimal management of hydrocele remains controversial. In this retrospective study we evaluated the incidence and management of hydrocele following surgical treatment of varicocele in children treated at 8 European centers of pediatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a 5-year period 278 children between 7 and 17 years old underwent surgical treatment for unilateral left varicocele, including 187 using video surgery and 91 via an open inguinal approach. RESULTS: At an average followup of 24 months (range 12 to 60) 34 children (12.2%) had a left hydrocele. Of the 278 children 14 (5%) were lost to followup. The hydrocele appeared between 1 week and 44 months (median 2 months) after surgery. Concerning hydrocele management 16 of 34 children (47%) were treated with scrotal puncture while under local anesthesia, which led to hydrocele regression after a median of 3 punctures (range 1 to 5), 12 (35.3%) underwent clinical observation since the hydrocele reduced spontaneously within a median of 12 months after its appearance and 6 (17.7%) were treated with open surgery. In 4 cases the hydrocele disappeared and in 2 it recurred after surgery and was successfully treated with punctures. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the median incidence of hydrocele after varicocele surgery is about 12% but it seems higher after artery nonsparing vs sparing procedures (17.6% vs 4.3%). On the contrary, no difference was found when the procedure was performed using video surgery or with the open approach. Hydroceles generally develop a few months later but may also appear several years after the surgical repair of varicocele. Noninvasive procedures (scrotal punctures or clinical observation) seem to induce total hydrocele regression in more than 82% of cases. Children who undergo surgery for varicocele should undergo long-term followup to detect a possible hydrocele. In fact, the 5.4% of children lost to followup in our study may potentially have had a hydrocele. Surgery is not always successful for this condition, as shown in the 2 cases of recurrent hydrocele after surgical repair.     

Primary new-onset hydroceles presenting in late childhood and pre-adolescent patients resemble the adult type hydrocele pathology

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a patent processus vaginalis (PPV) in children of late childhood and pre-adolescence presenting with new onset hydrocele.Material and methodsAll males with hydrocele presenting at our department from January 2011 to January 2013 were followed. Patients with secondary hydroceles were excluded. Demographic data, medical history, clinical symptoms and signs relative to their pathology and U/S findings were recorded. According to their indications, patients were either operated or followed up. Patients surgically treated, consisted our study group.ResultsSixty patients were identified. Thirteen were followed until resolution of their hydrocele. Forty-seven patients were surgically treated. Twenty-seven had right sided hydrocele (57.44%), 13 had left sided hydrocele (27.66%) whereas in 7 patients the hydroceles were bilateral (14.9%). All patients were operated by an inguinal approach. In all 9 patients (19.14%) presenting with new-onset hydrocele at the age > 10 years (range: 10–15 years), intraoperative exploration did not reveal a PPV. All patients were followed at least for 6 months post-operatively.ConclusionEarly evidence shows that primary new onset hydroceles presenting in late childhood and pre-adolescence seem to be non-communicating and resemble the adult type hydrocele pathology.     

Communicating hematocele in children following splenic rupture: diagnosis and management

Acute hematocele is commonly associated with direct testicular trauma. Blood within the tunica vaginalis may infrequently accompany blunt abdominal injury in the presence of a communicating hydrocele. Optimal management involves early recognition and treatment of the abdominal source of bleeding. Elective repair of the communicating hydrocele/hematocele should follow. We report 2 cases of boys with scrotal swelling due to communicating hematoceles. Both cases were associated with a patent processus vaginalis and splenic laceration secondary to blunt trauma.     

腹腔镜治疗交通性鞘膜积液的疗效观察(附25例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎术治疗交通性鞘膜积液的效果。方法:回顾我院2010年8月~2013年12月间腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎术治疗交通性鞘膜积液的患儿共25例,平均年龄5岁,左侧8例,右侧17例,术中发现对侧隐性鞘状突未闭2例。结果:手术均获成功,单侧手术时间15~20min,术中无精索血管和输精管损伤,随访无复发、睾丸萎缩、切口瘢痕等。结论:腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术治疗交通性鞘膜积液,操作简单、创伤小、并发症少、复发率低,可同时处理对侧隐匿性未闭鞘状突。     

鞘状突管高位结扎加悬吊治疗小儿鞘膜积液

目的 探索一种治疗小儿鞘膜积液的手术方法。方法 以内环与阴茎根部连线为切口线，根据不同类型的鞘膜积液选择切口的位置和长短，高位结扎，悬吊未闭合的鞘状突，远端鞘膜开窗式部分切除，排尽鞘膜积液后旷置。结果 本组415例，术后403例切口Ⅰ类愈合，12例切口皮下脂肪液化；术后有39例阴囊轻度水肿。随访0．5～2年，平均1．2年，随访率82％，未发现复发、睾丸萎缩、医源性隐睾等情况。结论 本组手术方法简单，安全，疗效确切，容易掌握。术后并发症少，复发率低，对不同类型的鞘膜积液均能处理。