A new reflex testing algorithm for syphilis screening

The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis is made possible through using a combination of non-treponemal and treponemal tests. The use of only one type of test when positive, without a confirmatory test being performed, is not sufficient for diagnosis because of false-positive results due to different medical conditions. All test results must be interpreted carefully, together with the patient's clinical history and symptoms, to arrive at a clinical diagnosis of syphilis.     

Physical diagnosis--plantar reflex

On stimulation of the plantar surface an extensor response of the toes (especially the big toe; Babinski sign) indicates a disorder of the corticospinal system: disinhibition of reflex activity causes the big toe to be recruited into the synergistic flexion reflex of the leg (toe extensors are flexors in a physiological sense). Proper assessment of the plantar reflex therefore involves not only rating toe movements, but also observing simultaneous contraction of flexor muscles in the thigh. Disregard of the association with the flexion synergy has given rise to some misunderstandings.     

胃食管反流病的病因和诊治进展

胃食管反流病 (GERD)指胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的一系列症状 ,可伴食管黏膜和/或食管外组织损害。临床分反流性食管炎 (RE)和非糜烂性反流病 (NERD)。本病常见 ,我国的流行病学调查显示 ,GERD、RE的发生率分别为 5 .77%和1 .92 % [1] 。GERD呈慢性过程 ,临床表现不一 ,且容易复发。部分患者诊断困难 ,严重影响了人们的生活质量 ,长期的维持治疗也加重了经济负担。近年来随着研究的深入 ,在GERD的病因和发病机制、诊断及治疗方面都有一定的进展。1　病因和发病机制GERD是上胃肠道动力障碍引起的酸相关性疾病 ,病因有多…     

神经心理测验与Vojta姿势反射的应用分析

目的 对小儿神经心理测验与Vojta姿势反射检查在2~6月龄婴儿中的应用效果进行对比分析.方法 对2008年5月至2010年5月在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院儿保门诊进行健康体检的1 497例2~6月龄婴儿进行神经心理测验及Vojta姿势反射检查,并对早期发现的脑损伤可疑儿进行指导与干预.结果 小儿神经心理测验各月龄发育异常检出率降序排列最高前3位分布在2、6、3月龄,Vojta姿势反射则分布在2、3、6月龄,各月龄组儿心量表和Vojta姿势反射阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为11.34、110.54,均P<0.05).两种方法的检测结果有差别,Vojta姿势反射的阳性率较高(χ2=428.05,P<0.05).结论 小儿神经心理测验与Vojta姿势反射均能客观反应小儿的神经系统发育水平,但在生命早期判断较为困难,处置原则应根据月龄及可疑程度区别对待.Vojta姿势反射的阳性率高于小儿神经心理测验,建议将小儿神经心理测验与Vojta姿势反射列为2~6月龄婴儿常规健康体检范围,提高脑损伤儿筛查的阳性率,避免漏检与误诊.     

Posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Mechanisms and medical management

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) refers to a symptom complex of posttraumatic pain associated with a wide and varying spectrum of vasomotor and neurologic changes. The diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is made almost entirely on clinical grounds, and is often confirmed by observation of the results of diagnostic local anesthetic nerve blocks. Laboratory and radiographic investigations are useful adjuncts to diagnosis. The key to successful management is early recognition, as delays in treatment are associated with worse outcome. A multimodal approach to treatment is recommended that may include nerve blocks, rehabilitation, and pharmacologic and behavioral pain management. The role of other modalities including surgery and electrical stimulation remains controversial.