选择性贲门周围血管离断加大网膜包肾术治疗门静脉高压症

目的评价选择性贲门周围血管离断术＋大网膜包肾术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2003年2月至2005年12月外科治疗门静脉高压症患者176例的临床资料,比较术后近远期并发症以及生存情况。结果选择性贲门周围血管离断术＋大网膜包肾术后近期脾窝积液、发热、远期再出血、门静脉高压性胃病发生率明显减低（P〈0.05）,食管胃底静脉曲张程度、胃壁厚度改善（P〈0.05）,肝性脑病发生率未增加（P〉0.05）。结论选择性贲门周围血管离断术加大网膜包肾术保留了机体自发性的分流,兼有分流术和断流术的优点,能有效降低术后并发症的发生。     

选择性贲门周围血管离断术对治疗门静脉高压症的临床价值评估

目的　探讨选择性贲门周围血管离断术对门静脉高压症治疗的价值。方法　自2002 年1月～2004年3月,我院用选择性贲门周围血管离断术共治疗门静脉高压症47例,以104例经典 的贲门周围血管离断术作为对照组。测量病人手术前、切脾后、手术后自由门静脉压力,入院时、手术 后2周的门静脉血流量,观察术后复发出血、肝性脑病、门静脉高压性胃病发生率,腹水、食管胃底静 脉曲张改善程度以及成活情况。结果　选择性贲门周围血管离断术后病人复发性出血、门静脉高压 性胃病发生率明显减低(P<0.05),腹水、食管胃底曲张程度改善(P<0.05),自由门静脉压和门静脉 血流量明显下降(P<0.01),但不增加肝性脑病发生率(P>0.05)。结论　选择性贲门周围血管离断 术保留了机体自发性的分流,兼有分流术和断流术的优点,是一种较合理的手术方式。     

选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的临床分析

目的分析选择性贲门周围血管离断术对门静脉高压症治疗的效果。方法自2002年6月至2005年11月,采用选择性贲门周围血管离断术共治疗门静脉高压症28例,与62例传统的贲门周围血管离断术比较分析。测量患者手术前、切脾后、手术后自由门静脉压力,入院时、手术后2周的门静脉血流量,观察术后肝性脑病、复发出血发生率,腹水、食管胃底静脉曲张改善程度以及成活情况。结果选择性贲门周围血管离断术后患者复发性出血、门静脉高压性胃病发生率明显减低(P<0.05),腹水、食管胃底曲张程度改善(P<0.05),自由门静脉压和门静脉血流量明显下降(P<0.01),不增加肝性脑病发生率(P>0.05)。结论选择性贲门周围血管离断术保留了机体自发性的分流,兼有分流术和断流术的优点,效果良好。     

联合手术治疗儿童门静脉海绵样变性肝前性门静脉高压症

目的评估联合手术治疗儿童门静脉海绵样变性引起的肝前性门静脉高压症的疗效。方法2例门静脉海绵样变性和反复上消化道出血的患儿行脾切除脾肾静脉分流加贲门周围血管离断术;1例因断流术后再出血,行肠系膜上-腔静脉分流加贲门周围血管离断术,分析这3例的临床疗效。结果手术并发症和手术死亡率为0,随访13~31个月,肝功能正常,贫血纠正。无再出血、门静脉高压性胃病和肝性脑病。结论联合手术,特别是脾切除脾肾静脉分流加贲门周围血管离断术,安全、有效,适用于各种血流动力学状态,应成为治疗儿童门静脉海绵样变性引起的肝前性门静脉高压症的首选术式。     

食管胃底吻合联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的疗效分析

目的:探讨食管胃底吻合联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009年2月至2015年2月内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的108例门静脉高压症上消化道出血患者的临床资料,其中行食管胃底吻合联合贲门周围血管离断术（研究组）42例,单纯行贲门周围血管离断术组（对照组）66例。两组患者均有...     

大网膜包肾术自然分流在门静脉高压症治疗中的临床价值

目的　探讨大网膜包肾术 (ORP)对门静脉高压症患者行贲门周围血管离断术 (PCDV )后门静脉血流动力学的影响 ,及其自然分流作用的效率。方法　比较PCDV ,PCDV ORP和PCDV 门腔H型分流术 (PCDV PCS)患者手术后门静脉向肝血流速度 (PFR)和门静脉平均血流量 (PVF )变化 ,以及上消化道再出血、门静脉高压性胃病和肝性脑病的发生情况。结果　PCDV ORP组与PCDV PCS组比较 ,PFR分别为 14 .0 5± 3 .75和 8.64± 2 .86( P <0 .0 1) ,PVF分别为 714 .3 5± 10 2 .65和 42 3 .5 2± 2 82 .61(P <0 .0 1)。PCDV ORP上消化道再出血率与PCDV PCS组比较无显著性差异 ( 5 .5 6%比 4.3 5 % ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;肝性脑病发生率PCDV ORP组与PCDV组比较亦无显著性差异 ( 2 .78%比 3 .2 3 % ,P >0 .0 5 )。术后门静脉高压性胃黏膜损害的发生率PCDV ORP组 ( 2 7.78% )与PCDV组比较( 66.74% )差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　PCDV ORP手术既能维持手术后门静脉向肝血流 ,又能安全有效地自然分流 ,降低了断流术和分流术的远期并发症 ,具有临床推广价值     

断流术对门静脉高压症患者肝功能影响及止血效果的研究

目的观察门奇断流术对门静脉高压症患者肝功能的影响。方法回顾性分析40例门静脉高压症患者行贲门周围血管离断术的临床资料,分析术后肝功能变化、止血效果和再出血原因。结果全组患者手术后2周内肝功能不同程度改善。止血效果明显,急症止血率100%,择期手术止血率88.24%,远期再出血率11.76%,病死率5%。结论贲门周围血管离断术近期能改善肝功能、并止血,在治疗门脉高压肝硬化并上消化道出血的同时是一种较好治疗门静脉高压症的手术方式。     

选择性断流加大网膜包肾术治疗门静脉高压症的随机对照研究

目的 随机对照选择性断流加大网膜包肾术治疗门静脉高压症的临床评估.方法 回顾1998年至2004年间,我院行门静脉高压症手术510例,其中选择性断流术式200例(即高选择离断穿支血管),断流术式160例,缝扎术式140例,脾肾分流术式10例,对照各种术式患者手术前、后门静脉血流量(PVF),自由门静脉压力(FPP).观察近期术后出血、肝性脑病、腹腔感染情况.5年后,随访再出血率、门静脉高压性胃病、肝纤维化指标(PCⅢ)、腹水发生率、食管静脉曲张程度.结果 选择性断流加大网膜包肾术治疗效果较其他术式的PVF、FPP显著降低(P＜0.01),近期出血、肝性脑病发生率下降(P＜0.05),腹腔感染差异无统计学意义.5年后,复发出血、门静脉高压性胃病、门静脉血栓发生率均显著下降(P＜0.01),食管胃底静脉曲张程度、腹水情况,肝纤维化指标(PCⅢ)、生存率差异无统计学意义.结论 选择性断流加大网膜包肾术既可高选择离断穿支血管止血彻底,术后复发出血率低,又可保留机体自发性分流,兼有分流术及断流术的特点,且手术操作简单.术后随访,远期疗效明显改善.     

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我院自 1988～ 1997年间共为 2 0例肝炎后肝硬化、门静脉高压症、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血病人施行贲门周围血管离断术加大网膜胸骨后填塞术和大网膜包肾术 ,疗效满意。报道如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　　本组 2 0例 ,男 15例 ,女 5例。年龄 33～ 5 8岁 ,平均 49岁。按中华医学会外科学会标准 (1983年 ,武汉 )肝功能Ⅰ级 8例 ,Ⅱ级 9例 ,Ⅲ级 3例。本组有 1～ 3次出血史。术后出血再次手术肝衰死亡 1例。1 2　手术方法　　 (1)贲门周围血管离断术 :切除脾脏 ,将食管下段 5～8ｃｍ与胃近端血管完全切断 (包括小弯侧、大弯侧、胃网膜左…     

Sagittal plane analysis of the open and closed methods in children with displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus (a radiological study)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the radiological outcome of open and close reduction and osteosynthesis methods in the treatment of type II and III supracondylar humerus fractures in childhood with respect to the immediate post-operative reduction quality in sagittal plane. METHOD: One hundred and forty four-pediatric patients with type IIb and III supracondylar humerus fractures treated at two centers between 1995 and 2005 were evaluated radiologically within a retrospective study. Seventy-six patients (54 boys, 22 girls, mean age 7.6, range 2-12) were treated by closed reduction and cross percutaneous pinning while 68 (49 boys, 19 girls, mean age 7.3, range 2-13) were treated by open reduction. The reduction quality of the open and closed groups was compared on immediate post-operative lateral radiographs by measuring of lateral humerocapitellar angle, anterior humeral line and anterior coronoid line criteria. The reduction quality was classified excellent, good, fair and poor according to the achievement of three, two, one or none of the criteria, respectively. Reductions classified as excellent and good were introduced as acceptable results. RESULTS: At least one criterion was achieved in all the patients of both the groups. The mean humerocapitellar angle was 30.1 degrees in closed reduction group while the mean of it was 29.8 degrees in open reduced group. Radiograph of 48 (63.1%) patients with closed reduction were found to display the anterior humeral line intersecting the middle one-third of capitellum while this criteria was 45 (66%) in open reduction group. The anterior coronoid line was disturbed in three patients in each of both the groups. The reduction quality was evaluated to be excellent in 32 patients, good in 31, fair in 13 at the closed reduction group while these evaluations were 31, 20 and 17 in open reduction group, respectively. Successful reduction was achieved in 74.9% of the patients in closed reduction group and 75% of the patients in open reduction group. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that there was no significant difference between closed and open reductions of pediatric displaced supracondylar fractures with regard to the radiological criteria of reduction quality in sagittal plane.     

Comprehensive review of post–organ transplant hematologic cancers

A higher risk for a variety of cancers is among the major complications of posttransplantation immunosuppression. In this part of a continuing series on cancers posttransplantation, this review focuses on the hematologic cancers after solid organ transplantation. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), which comprise the great majority of hematologic cancers, represent a spectrum of conditions that include, but are not limited to, the Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. The oncogenic Epstein‐Barr virus is a key pathogenic driver in many PTLD cases, through known and unknown mechanisms. The other hematologic cancers include leukemias and plasma cell neoplasms (multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma). Clinical features vary across malignancies and location. Preventive screening strategies have been attempted mainly for PTLDs. Treatments include the chemotherapy regimens for the specific cancers, but also include reduction of immunosuppression, rituximab, and other therapies.     

胆囊炎患者胆汁中内皮素浓度的意义

目的探讨胆囊炎患者胆汁中内皮素浓度及其意义。方法采用放射免疫分析法测定了４０４例单纯型、４８例化脓型和２７例坏疽型结石性胆囊炎患者胆汁中内皮素浓度。结果三型胆囊炎患者胆汁内皮素浓度分别为２７４±８３ｐｇ／ｍｌ,４２３±１１１ｐｇ／ｍｌ和６７５±１３８ｐｇ／ｍｌ,与对照组测值１９４±４７ｐｇ／ｍｌ比较,具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。结论胆汁中内皮素参与了胆囊炎的病理过程,其作用机制尚需深入研究。     

Decreasing incidence of cancer after liver transplantation—A Nordic population‐based study over 3 decades

Cancer remains one of the most serious long‐term complications after liver transplantation (LT). Data for all adult LT patients between 1982 and 2013 were extracted from the Nordic Liver Transplant Registry. Through linkage with respective national cancer‐registry data, we calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) based on country, sex, calendar time, and age‐specific incidence rates. Altogether 461 cancers were observed in 424 individuals of the 4246 LT patients during a mean 6.6‐year follow‐up. The overall SIR was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02‐2.43). SIRs were especially increased for colorectal cancer in recipients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (4.04) and for lung cancer in recipients with alcoholic liver disease (4.96). A decrease in the SIR for cancers occurring within 10 years post‐LT was observed from the 1980s: 4.53 (95%CI, 2.47‐7.60), the 1990s: 3.17 (95%CI, 2.70‐3.71), to the 2000s: 1.76 (95%CI, 1.51‐2.05). This was observed across age‐ and indication‐groups. The sequential decrease for the SIR of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was 25.0‐12.9‐7.53, and for nonmelanoma skin cancer 80.0‐29.7‐10.4. Cancer risk after LT was found to be decreasing over time, especially for those cancers that are strongly associated with immunosuppression. Whether immunosuppression minimization contributed to this decrease merits further study.     

胃切除术后应用改良Braun术式重建胃肠道预防返流性胃炎

目的探讨预防胃十二指肠溃疡术后碱性返流性胃炎的发生和逆转原残胃粘膜的炎性病变的新手术治疗方法。方法采用胃部分切除术后改良Ｂｒａｕｎ术式对胃十二指肠球部溃疡病急性穿孔并弥漫性腹膜炎２３例病人进行治疗。术后１～２年随访２２例，其中１９例行胃镜复查及残胃液甘胆酸（ＣＧ）测定、幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）检查。９例钡餐透视观察残胃排空情况。结果所有病人术后恢复好，Ｖｉｓｉｃｋ分级优良率为９５７％；残胃炎消除率为７３７％；ＨＰ感染率由术前的５８％降至２１％；胃镜及钡餐检查无１例出现胆汁返流，仅１例残胃排空延迟钡餐检查为输出袢粘连。结论改良Ｂｒａｕｎ术式的应用可有效地减少残胃炎发生，对预防残胃炎及残胃癌发生有积极意义     

Risk of lip cancer after solid organ transplantation in the United States

Solid organ transplant recipients have an increased risk of lip cancer, but the reasons are uncertain. Using data from the Transplant Cancer Match Study, we describe the epidemiology of lip cancer among 261 500 transplant recipients in the United States. Two hundred thirty‐one lip cancers were identified, corresponding to elevated risks for both invasive and in situ lip cancers (standardized incidence ratios of 15.3 and 26.2, respectively). Invasive lip cancer incidence was associated with male sex (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 2.01, 95% CI 1.44‐2.82), transplanted organ (0.33, 0.20‐0.57, for liver transplants and 3.07, 1.96‐4.81, for lung transplants, compared with kidney transplants), and racial/ethnic groups other than non‐Hispanic whites (0.09, 0.04‐0.2). In addition, incidence increased with age and during the first 3 years following transplant, and was higher in recipients prescribed cyclosporine/azathioprine maintenance therapy (aIRR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09‐2.93, compared with use of tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil) and following a diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (4.21, 2.69‐0.94). The elevation in lip cancer incidence is consistent with an effect of immunosuppression. Notably, the very strong associations with white race and history of prior skin cancer point to an important role for ultraviolet radiation exposure, and cyclosporine and azathioprine may contribute as photosensitizing or DNA damaging agents.     

甲状腺髓样癌

目的探讨甲状腺髓样癌的诊断要点及临床治疗原则。方法对我院１９７６～１９９６年收治的８８例甲状腺髓样癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果患者均以颈部肿块就诊,可伴发腹泻。病理证实淋巴结转移率７３２４％。散发型甲状腺髓样癌８６例,家族型甲状腺髓样癌２例。误诊率２３８６％（２１／８８）。治疗方法均以手术切除原发灶或合并颈淋巴结清除为主。术后随访局部广泛切除术的５,１０,１５年存活率分别为４５４５％,２５００％,１００％;合并行颈部淋巴清扫术的５,１０,１５年存活率分别为７２４１％,６３１６％,６６６７％。结论甲状腺髓样癌术前确诊困难,但有下列情况应考虑本病：不论甲状腺是否触及肿块,但有淋巴结肿大并伴有顽固性非炎性腹泻者;有家族史者;血清降钙素明显高于或低于正常者。作者主张不论是否触及肿大淋巴结,对甲状腺髓样癌均应行原发灶根治性切除加同侧颈部淋巴清扫术。     

肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌(附2例报道及文献复习)

目的 探讨肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌(Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma,MTSCC)的临床及病理学特点.方法 对本院收治的2例肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌患者临床及病理特点进行观察和讨论并结合相关文献复习.结果 2例患者术后诊断:肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌.临床及病理特征符合相关文献对该型肾癌的报道,术后长期严密随访无复发.结论 MTSCC是罕见的肾癌分型,症状隐匿,具有独特的病理学特征,早期手术是最佳治疗方法,预后良好,罕见预后较差报道.     

梗阻性黄疸患者血浆可溶性P-选择素与内毒素、D-二聚体的关系及其意义

目的　研究梗阻性黄疸 (梗黄 )患者血浆可溶性P -选择素 (sP selectin ,sP s)与内毒素 (ET )及D -二聚体 (D d)的关系及其意义。方法　应用ELISA和鲎试剂比色法测定梗黄组、急性胆囊炎组和健康人组血浆sP s ,D d和ET含量。结果　健康人组血浆sP s含量为 (93 .43± 17.65 )ng/ml ,ET (0 .0 0 3 0± 0 .0 0 0 4)EU /ml ,D d(0 .3 9± 0 .2 1)mg/L ;急性胆囊炎组血浆sP s含量为 (2 3 3 .3 2± 82 .12 )ng/ml ,ET (0 .40 12± 0 .15 0 6)EU /ml ,D d(0 .76± 0 .2 7)mg/L ;梗黄组血浆sP s含量为 (3 5 1.90± 93 .83 )ng/ml ,ET(0 .3 814± 0 .14 3 0 )EU /ml ,D d(2 .14± 0 .3 7)mg/L。急性胆囊炎组和梗黄组sP s ,D d及ET均高于健康人组 (P <0 .0 1) ;梗黄组ET与急性胆囊组差异无显著性 ,但梗黄组sP s和D d较急性胆囊炎组高 (P <0 .0 1) ,梗黄组的以上二物质含量呈正相关性 (P <0 .0 1) ;急性胆囊炎组sP s与ET呈正相关性 (P <0 .0 1)。协方差分析表明 ,在相同ET含量时 ,梗黄组sP s高于急性胆囊炎组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且与D d有相关性 ,二者有相同变化趋势。结论　胆道梗阻是ET致血管内皮细胞损伤和血小板活化的敏感性因素 ,梗黄患者血液高凝状态与继发性纤溶反应处于动态平衡 ,提示动态监测血浆sP s和D d变化 ,