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??OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects and mechanisms of aqueous extract from Descurainia sophia on doxorubicin(Dox)-induced cardiomyocyte injury.METHODS The Dox induced H9c2 cell apoptotic model was established, then the cells were divided into normal group (NC), model group (Dox), positive group (resveratrol,RSV), and different doses of aqueous extract of Descurainia sophia (DS). The viability of H9c2 cells was detected by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of T-SOD, LDH, MDA and GSH-PX were measured. And the protein expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and p53 were detected by western blot, HPLC-MS identification of aqueous extract from Descurainia sophia.RESULTS After treating with DS products, the survival rate of H9c2 was increased (P<0.01), the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased (P<0.01),mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly increased (P<0.01), the level of ROS was significantly decreased (P<0.05), T-SOD and GSH-PX activities were significantly increased (P<0.01), the levels of LDH and MDA content were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Moreover, DS reduced the expression of caspase-3 (P<0.01), regulated the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 (P<0.01), decreased the expression of p53 (P<0.05). Seven components were identified from DS by HPLC/MS analysis.CONCLUSION DS can effectively protect cardiomyocyte, and its mechanism is probably associated with correcting functional disorders of oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes, and inhibit mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare ion-sensitive ophthalmic in situ gel containing bendazac lysine (BDZL-ISG) and preliminarily study its rheological behavior, in vitro drug release, corneal permeation, and pharmacokinetics in rabbit aqueous humor. METHODS Single factor investigation was carried out to optimize the formulation, taking viscosity and gelling capacity as evaluation indices. Using aqueous solution or eye drops as control, the in vitro release of the formulation was evaluated by dialysis membrane method. Then, the corneal permeation experiment of the optimum formulation was carried out with Franz diffusion cell. The pharmacokinetics of BDZL-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was preliminarily studied by microdialysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the optimum formulation had shear thinning behavior and significant sustained release effect. There was no significant difference in the corneal permeation between the two groups. The RESULTS of pharmacokinetic study showed that ??_max (13.25 ??g??L^-1) and AUC_0-t of BZDL-ISG were 2.38 and 2.2 times higher than those of BDZL eye drops respectively, which suggested that the ocular bioavailability of BDZL was greatly enhanced by the optimum in situ gel formulation. CONCLUSION With significant sustained release effect, the ion-sensitive ophthalmic in situ gel will become a promising alterative formulation for bendazac lysine for treatment of cataracts.     

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??OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of now available clinical guidelines and consensus statements on type 2 diabetes. Based on this assessment, the comparison of guidelines and consensuses is made to give some suggestions on the METHODS of making these documents. METHODS PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed and guideline websites were systematically searched. Literatures were screened according to defined criteria for including. AGREE ?? was used to instrument assess the quality of the guidelines and consensuses. RESULTS The result showed that the quality of included guidelines is various, but the overall quality of guidelines is still higher than consensuses. Guidelines got high scores in scope and purpose domain and clarity of presentation domain, but low scores in rigor of development domain and applicability domain. Consensus statements got low scores in all 6 domains. CONCLUSION The main reason for the difference is consensuses have poor methodology. Rapid advice guidelines were suggested as an alternative for consensus statements.     

茅苍术对H9c2心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的茅苍术水煎液和它的含药血清对H9c2该细胞的保护效果的研究。方法采用双氧水制造H9c2大鼠心肌细胞的氧化损伤模型,以Vc为阳性对照,通过对受损心肌细胞形态学观测、SOD活力检测及细胞相对凋亡情况的检测,测定茅苍术水煎液和它的含药血清对H9c2细胞的保护效果。结果不同浓度的茅苍术水煎液均使细胞生长状态得以改善,外部形态明显好转。高剂量组细胞生长较好,中剂量组次之,低剂量组较差;茅苍术水煎液组LDH释放量和MDA含量明显低于Vc对照组,SOD活力明显高于损伤组;细胞的相对存活率随着茅苍术水提液的浓度升高而明显增大,分别为72.37%、66.19%、55.44%,低剂量组的茅苍术水提液对H2O2损伤的H9c2心肌细胞的保护作用不明显。结论茅苍术水提液的保护作用机制与增强细胞抗氧化能力、减少自由基和脂质过氧化物导致的细胞膜损伤有关。     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish a UPLC-MS method for the separation and detection of principal component isomers and related substances in ioversol bulk drug. METHODS The separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC^TM BEH C₈ column (2.1 mm??100 mm,1.7 ??m), the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water (3:97),and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The identification of isomers and impurities in ioversol bulk drug was performed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ion mode, and the cone voltage was set at 80 V. RESULTS The four optical isomers and related substances were seperated well, and their structures were confirmed by MS,UV, and RP-UPLC.The linear ranges of ioversol, impurity??, and impurity ?? were 0.5-52.8, 0.2-9.3, and 0.5-28.4 ??g??mL^-1, respectively (r=0.999 9); the detection limits of ioversol, impurity??, and impurity?? were 0.2, 0.08, and 0.2 ??g??mL^-1, respectively.CONCLUSION The method is simple, sensitive, and accurate, can be used to separate and determine the principal component isomers and related substances in ioversol bulk drug.     

银杏内酯B对H_2O_2诱导H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的影响

目的研究银杏内酯B(Ginkgolide B,GB)对H_2O_2诱导H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的影响。方法将对数生长期的H9c2心肌细胞随机分为5组:空白对照组、H_2O_2干预组、GB(50、100和200μmol/L)干预组。检测细胞存活率、培养液中心肌酶(AST、CPK、LDH)含量、细胞中氧自由基(ROS)含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量;检测细胞凋亡状况并计算凋亡率,检测NF-k B蛋白表达并进行半定量分析。结果与H_2O_2干预组比较,GB(100、200μmol/L)干预组细胞存活率显著升高;培养液中AST、CPK、LDH含量和细胞中ROS、MDA含量显著降低,SOD、CAT活性显著升高,细胞凋亡状况明显改善、凋亡率显著降低,NF-k B蛋白表达显著下调;其中GB(200μmol/L)干预组GSH-Px活性显著降低。结论 GB能够有效提高细胞存活率,改善抗氧化酶活性、降低ROS含量、降低氧化应激损伤,下调NF-k B蛋白表达、降低细胞凋亡率,提示GB对H_2O_2诱导H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激具有抑制作用。     

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??Topical ocular medication is commonly used for eye diseases treatment.In view of low bioavailability and poor efficacy of traditional ocular preparations,the development of novel ocular drug delivery systems has become a great challenge in pharmaceutics.In recent years, nano preparations have been widely used for ocular drug delivery systems. At present, several nanocarriers, such as polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, nanosuspension, liposomes, emulsion, and dendritic polymers have been developed for ocular drug delivery.There are some other new dosage forms, such as in-situ gelling systems, implants, contact lenses, and microneedles are also under continuous research. The aim of development of these new dosage forms is to improve the drugs' ocular bioavailability and therapeutic effects.In this paper,the development in these areas in recent years are reviewed in order to provide reference for the development of new ocular drug delivery systems.     

山核桃叶总黄酮对H9c2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的研究山核桃叶(Carya cathayensis)总黄酮对H2O2诱导的H9c2大鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及其与PI3K/Akt(磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶B)信号通路的关系。方法使用MTS(溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑)检测H2O2诱导氧化应激损伤的H9c2细胞存活率,Hoechst 33342染色观察其凋亡,Western blot技术检测p-AKT和AKT表达量,并用PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002进行验证。结果山核桃叶总黄酮可显著的提高氧化应激损伤细胞的存活率,减少细胞凋亡,增加细胞中p-AKT的表达,但其作用可被PI3Ks抑制剂LY294002抵消。结论山核桃叶总黄酮激活PI3K/Akt信号通路来有效抑制H9c2细胞的氧化损伤。     

参芎葡萄糖注射液对CoCl2诱导的H9c2细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨参芎葡萄糖注射液对氯化钴(CoCl2)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡的拮抗作用及其机制.方法 体外培养H9c2细胞,利用CoCl2建立细胞凋亡模型;MTS法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测 c-Jun、p-c-Jun、Bcl-2、Bax 和 Cleaved ...     

黄芪甲苷对H9c2心肌细胞能量代谢的影响及其机制

目的:探讨黄芪甲苷(Astragaloside IV,As IV)对H9c2心肌细胞能量代谢的影响及其机制。方法:H9c2心肌细胞培养,传代后随机分为6组,空白组、模型组、不同浓度黄芪甲苷用药组及普萘洛尔组。培养液中分别加入黄芪甲苷(25、50、100μmol/L)及普萘洛尔(2μmol/L)预处理,30min后加入Iso(10μmol/L)继续培养48 h。消化分离法及计算机图像分析系统检测细胞体积;考马斯亮蓝法检测细胞中蛋白的量;real-time RT-PCR法检测心肌细胞心房钠尿肽(ANP)mRNA的表达;Western blotting法检测心肌细胞PGC-1α、PDK4蛋白的表达;酶联免疫吸附测定(Elisa)法检测细胞外液中三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、单磷酸腺苷(AMP)及游离脂肪酸(FFA)的含量。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组心肌细胞体积明显增大,总蛋白的量增加,ANP mRNA表达上调,PGC-1α、PDK4蛋白表达下调,心肌细胞中FFA含量及ATP/AMP比值减少。黄芪甲苷(50、100μmol/L)、普萘洛尔(2μmol/L)均能有效抑制Iso诱导的心肌细胞肥大,使心肌细胞体积减小,总蛋白的量降低,ANP mRNA表达下调,PGC-1α、PDK4蛋白表达上调。结论:黄芪甲苷对Iso诱导的H9c2心肌细胞肥大有保护作用,改善肥大心肌细胞的能量代谢表达水平,其机制可能与PGC-1α信号通路有关。     

反式油酸对H9c2心肌细胞增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用的研究

目的研究反式油酸(9t-C18:1)对H9c2心肌细胞增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用并探寻其可能的机制。方法体外培养H9c2大鼠心肌细胞,9t-C18:1高、中、低剂量组及阴性对照组(NC)分别作用于随机分组的H9c2细胞。采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力;AO-EB染色后观察细胞形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)及细胞凋亡情况;实时定量PCR(QRTPCR)法检测Bcl-2、Bax基因表达,免疫荧光染色后流式细胞仪检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果荧光显微镜下可见,9t-C18:1作用后的H9c2细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学特征;与NC组比较,随着9t-C18:1剂量的增加细胞增殖抑制作用明显,ROS、细胞凋亡率显著升高,Bcl-2基因及蛋白表达下调,Bax基因及蛋白表达上调(P <0. 05,P <0. 01)。结论 9t-C18:1能抑制H9c2细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与促进细胞线粒体凋亡通路有关。     

喜树碱核壳型纳米胶束的制备及体外性能评价

目的：制备喜树碱/聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸苄酯（CPT/PEG-PBLG）纳米胶束并考察其载药特性及体外性能。方法：采用膜透析结合冷冻干燥法制备CPT/PEG-PBLG纳米胶束,通过体外试验研究其释药特性,并考察胶束对HepG-2癌细胞的细胞毒性。结果：PEG-PBLG纳米胶束能包埋疏水性药物喜树碱,BLG嵌段摩尔比为35%的EG-5载药率达11.13%;CPT/PEG-PBLG纳米胶束的体外释放具有突释与缓释特性并在碱性介质中释放速度加快,EG-5载药胶束在pH 1.1累计释药率60.34%,而在pH 10.0时则为73.72%;当喜树碱质量浓度≤50 mg·L^-1时,CPT/PEG-PBLG胶束对HepG-2癌细胞的毒性远低于相应浓度的喜树碱阳性组（P<0.01）。结论：CPT/PEG-PBLG纳米胶束制备工艺简单,安全无污染,可降低喜树碱的细胞毒性,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

二参颗粒对氯化钴诱导的H9C2细胞氧化应激介导的细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:通过观察二参颗粒对氯化钴(CoCl_2)诱导的缺氧损伤和大鼠心肌细胞H9C2凋亡的影响,阐明二参颗粒对心脏的保护作用。方法:以500μmol/L的CoCl_2与H9C2细胞共同作用24 h,建立心肌细胞缺氧缺血模型。将H9C2细胞分为空白对照组、模型对照组、二参颗粒50μg/mL、100μg/mL、200μg/mL组。酶联免疫法检测胞外培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量,流式细胞术检测胞内活性氧(ROS)含量、线粒体膜电位(MMP)和凋亡水平,蛋白质印迹分析法检测细胞内Bcl-2/Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、Cleaved Caspase-9和Cleaved PARP的表达水平。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型对照组细胞活力下降、活性氧(ROS)荧光表达值升高、线粒体膜电位JC-1单体阳性细胞显著升高以及细胞培养液中LDH含量升高,凋亡率显著升高,凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved Caspase-3、Cleaved Caspase-9和Cleaved PARP的蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型对照组比较,二参颗粒能有效改善细胞活力,降低LDH的含量,显著降低胞内ROS荧光表达值,改善线粒体膜电位和凋亡水平,下调凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved Caspase-3、Cleaved Caspase-9和Cleaved PARP的蛋白表达,升高Bcl-2/Bax的比值(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:二参颗粒可以抑制CoCl_2诱导的心肌细胞ROS水平,减少氧化应激发生,进而改善氧化应激介导的心肌细胞的细胞凋亡。     

姜黄素对缺血再灌注H9c2心肌细胞凋亡和GSK-3表达及其磷酸化的影响

目的观察姜黄素对缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)H9c2心肌细胞凋亡和糖原合成酶激酶3(GSK-3)表达及其磷酸化的影响。方法利用缺血台氏液对体外培养的H9c2心肌细胞模拟I/R处理,同时随机分为模型组(模拟缺血90min,再灌注30min)、姜黄素组(再灌注同时加入7.5μmol/L姜黄素)和对照组(正常台氏液培养120min代替模拟I/R),采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,采用Western blot检测GSK-3、酪氨酸磷酸化GSK-3(pTyr-GSK-3)和丝氨酸磷酸化GSK-3(pSer-GSK-3)蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组H9c2细胞凋亡率明显提高(t=10.439,P=0.000),模型组pTyr-GSK-3和pSer-GSK-3表达均显著增加(t=5.208,P=0.006;t=5.854,P=0.004)。与模型组比较,姜黄素组凋亡率及pTyr-GSK-3表达水平显著降低(t=-8.325,P=0.001;t=-3.607,P=0.023),存活率及pSer-GSK-3表达水平显著升高(t=9.165,P=0.001;t=3.747,P=0.02)。结论 GSK-3的酪氨酸和丝氨酸磷酸化可能参与心肌细胞I/R损伤,姜黄素减少I/R心肌细胞凋亡可能与其通过减少酪氨酸磷酸化、增加丝氨酸磷酸化抑制GSK-3活性有关。     

基于HSF1高表达H9c2细胞的参芎葡萄糖注射液抗氧化损伤作用探讨

目的:建立热休克转录因子1(HSF1)高表达的H9c2细胞系,考察在HSF1高表达的情况下参芎葡萄糖注射液(SGI)对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的H9c2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:构建GV1422-HSF1的重组质粒,并利用Fu GENE 6转染试剂将重组质粒转染至H9c2细胞中,用遗传霉素(G418)来筛选稳定转染细胞株,并用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测HSF1和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,来鉴定HSF1高表达的H9c2细胞系(H9c2-HSF1)是否建立成功。用H2O2(300μmol·L-1)处理H9c2-HSF1细胞0.5 h构建氧化损伤模型,考察HSF1高表达的情况下参芎葡萄糖注射液预处理对细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)漏出量、丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,同时Western blot检测HSF1和HSP70蛋白表达情况。结果:Real-time PCR和Western blot实验结果显示:筛选出来的稳定转染细胞的HSF1和HSP70蛋白表达显著上调(P0.01),表明H9c2-HSF1细胞系构建成功。经参芎葡萄糖注射液预处理6 h,H2O2损伤0.5 h后,与H9c2+H2O2组和H9c2-HSF1+H2O2组比较,对应给药组细胞的HSF1和HSP70蛋白表达显著上调(P0.01),细胞存活率显著增高(P0.01),LDH,CK释放量和MDA含量显著减少(P0.01);ROS含量显著降低,GSH-Px和SOD活性明显升高。结论:本研究成功构建了HSF1高表达H9c2细胞系,并发现HSF1高表达能明显增强参芎葡萄糖注射液抗氧化损伤作用,其机制可能不在于增加细胞清除ROS能力,但可能与上调HSP70表达相关,需要进一步研究。     

Effect of flavonoids on daunorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts

Daunorubicin (DNR) is one of the most important antitumor agents belonging to the anthracycline group. However, its use is seriously limited by the development of cardiac toxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of quercetin, pycnogenol and naringenin on daunorubicin-induced cytoxicity in H9c2 cells. Protection of H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells was concentration/dose dependent for quercetin > naringenin > pycnogenol = trolox. Quercetin (10(-4)-10(-5) mol/L) after 24 h of co-incubation with DNR significantly increased the cardiomyocyte survival (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). A protective effect of other compounds was observed only in the highest concentration/dose used (p < 0.01). After 48 h of incubation quercetin and naringenin significantly decreased daunorubicin-induced cell death at concentrations of 10(-4)-10(-5) mol/L (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The protective effect of pycnogenol and trolox was weaker but significant in the two highest concentrations/doses (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). This study also investigated DNR-induced apoptosis and it was shown that both quercetin and naringenin inhibit apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes cells in vitro. The findings provide evidence that quercetin and naringenin may act as survival factors. The protective effect of flavonoids was compared with that of trolox, a known cardioprotective antioxidant. These results are consistent with the notion that the use of flavonoids may be beneficial in modulating or preventing the cardiotoxicity associated with DNR therapy.     

基于UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析荭草花提取物在H9c2心肌细胞中效应物质

目的:利用H9c2心肌细胞和UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术筛选荭草花抗心肌缺血作用的活性成分。方法:用心肌细胞选择性地结合荭草花提取液中的活性成分,洗去未结合的其他成分后,使细胞靶点失活,被结合的活性成分从心肌细胞中释放出来,采用Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~2 min,95%~79%A;2~5 min,79%A;5~6.5 min,79%~60%A;6.5~7.5 min,60%~55%A;7.5~9.5 min,55%~0%A;9.5~10 min,0%~95%A),电喷雾离子源(ESI)正、负离子模式下扫描采集数据,通过采用对照品比对及二级碎片离子对化学成分进行鉴定。结果:检测出荭草花提取物中可与心肌细胞结合的17个成分,采用对照品比对后,确定8个色谱峰所表征的化学成分,依次为原儿茶酸,儿茶素,山柰素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,槲皮素3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷,山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷,N-p-香豆酰酪胺,槲皮素和山柰酚。结论:通过分析心肌细胞破碎液中与活性细胞相结合的成分,筛选出了荭草花提取物中能与心肌细胞有相互作用的成分,为明确荭草花的药效物质基础提供了科学依据。     

Tribulus terrestris (Linn.) Attenuates Cellular Alterations Induced by Ischemia in H9c2 Cells Via Antioxidant Potential

Tribulus terrestris L. was evaluated for its cardioprotective property against myocardial ischemia in a cell line model. Initially, methanolic extract was prepared and subjected to sequential extraction with various solvents. The extract with high phenolic content (T. terrestris L. ethyl acetate extract–TTME) was further characterized for its chemical constituents and taken forward for evaluation against cardiac ischemia. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds like caffeic acid (12.41 ± 0.22 mg g^?1), chlorogenic acid (0.52 ± 0.06 mg g^?1) and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (0.60 ± 0.08 mg g^?1). H9c2 cells were pretreated with TTME (10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) for 24 h before the induction of ischemia. Then ischemia was induced by exposing cells to ischemia buffer, in a hypoxic chamber, maintained at 0.1% O₂, 95% N₂ and 5% CO₂, for 1 h. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in reactive oxygen species generation (56%), superoxide production (18%), loss of plasma membrane integrity, dissipation of transmembrane potential, permeability transition pore opening and apoptosis had been observed during ischemia. However, pretreatment with TTME was found to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) attenuate the alterations caused by ischemia. The overall results of this study partially reveal the scientific basis of the use of T. terrestris L. in the traditional system of medicine for heart diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

虫草素抑制Ras蛋白表达并诱导非小细胞肺癌H358细胞凋亡研究

目的:研究虫草素在体外对K-Ras突变型非小细胞肺癌H358细胞的抑制作用及其相关机制。方法:用MTT法检测虫草素对H358细胞增殖的影响;以流式细胞术检测虫草素诱导H358细胞凋亡情况和对细胞周期的影响;用活性检测试剂盒检测Caspase3、8、9的活性变化;采用Western Blot方法检测K-Ras蛋白的表达情况。结果:不同浓度的虫草素对于H358细胞增殖均有一定的抑制作用,并以浓度依赖的方式诱导H358细胞凋亡和引起G1期周期阻滞;Caspase3、8、9均被不同程度激活;虫草素能够抑制H358细胞K-Ras的表达。结论:虫草素能够在体外有效诱导H358细胞凋亡并抑制H358细胞增殖,为进一步应用于临床治疗K-Ras突变型非小细胞肺癌等肿瘤疾病奠定了实验基础。