阴道镜联合HPV检测对宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断价值

目的探讨阴道镜联合高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)检测对宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断价值。方法对644例行宫颈癌筛查的妇女行阴道镜和HR-HPV检测,并应用阴道镜取宫颈多点活组织进行病理检查。结果HR-HPV诊断结果阳性率为17.70%,阴道镜诊断结果阳性率为18.01%,HR-HPV+阴道镜诊断结果阳性率为18.79%;HR-HPV+阴道镜检测灵敏度和符合率与单一使用阴道镜或HR-HPV检测比较,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;HRHPV检测低危病变阳性率和高危病变阳性率比较,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论阴道镜联合HR-HPV检测可提高宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断灵敏度和符合率,高危病变HR-HPV检测阳性率更高。     

轻度宫颈上皮内瘤变自然转归的前瞻性研究

[目的]研究轻度宫颈上皮内瘤变（CINⅠ）的自然转归、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的自然清除率及两者之间的关系。[方法]对2003年5月到2006年4月期间,在北京大学深圳医院经阴道镜下活检病理诊断为CINⅠ的548名患者,定期随访4～6年。以宫颈液基细胞学检查（LCT）联合高危型HPV（HR-HPV）DNA检测（HC-Ⅱ）作为随访的监测方法,每6～12月随访一次。对于随访中细胞学为未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）及以上病变,及/或HR-HPV阳性者行阴道镜下多点活检,病理诊断。[结果]随访48个月时共失访27人,剔除34人,继续随访487人,累积未完全随访率为11.13%。随访6个月、12个月、24个月、36个月、48个月时进展为高度宫颈上皮内瘤变的百分率分别为0.55%、1.65%、3.10%、4.05%、4.11%;病变持续存在的百分率分别为70.25%、45.77%、23.79%、11.54%、7.19%;病变逆转为正常的百分率分别为29.20%、52.57%、73.11%、84.41%、88.71%。随访48个月时,35岁以上组和35岁以下组的病变进展率和逆转率均无显著性差异。随访开始时HR-HPV阳性的患者462例,随访6个月、12个月、24个月、36个月、48个月时病毒自然清除率分别为24.26%、48.69%、70.05%、81.54%、86.36%,HPV清除与CINⅠ病变逆转趋势一致。24个月内HPV持续阳性的患者,在48个月内进展为高度宫颈上皮内瘤变的比率为18.9%,显著高于HPV阴转组和HPV持续阴性组。[结论]2年内超过2/3的CINⅠ病变会自然逆转,HPV也会自然清除,但对于HPV持续阳性的患者应警惕其进展为高度宫颈上皮内瘤变。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变的阴道镜检查

目的总结我院阴道镜检查400例患者中宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)50例的阴道镜下特征.方法采用TZ-YDJ数字电子阴道镜检查.结果 CIN1级阴道镜下主要表现为边界模糊的平坦醋酸白色上皮,可有细镶嵌;CIN2级镜下为边界清楚的稍突起白色上皮,合并细镶嵌或点状血管;CIN3级可见边界明显的突起白色上皮,镶嵌、点状血管及多种构图.结论 阴道镜检查是早期发现宫颈癌前病变的重要检查方法之一,结合镜下定位活检可提高CIN的诊断准确率.     

青黛紫草合剂治疗上皮内瘤变的临床研究

目的 通过观察青黛紫草合剂在合并有HPV感染的宫颈上皮内瘤变等与宫颈癌密切相关疾病治疗效果,在中医药领域中寻求一个有效易行治疗此类疾病的新途径。方法 194例患者,均为经TCT筛查,HC-Ⅱ检测,组织学诊断为CINⅠ、CINⅡ,HPV阳性病例。单盲法随机分为青黛紫草合剂组和干扰素组、紫草油组进行治疗,观察治疗前后患者HPV感染疗效及CIN的疗效。结果 青黛紫草合剂组HPV转阴率为73.52%,与干扰素组无差别(P＞0.05),与紫草油组有显著差别(P＜0.01);青黛紫草合剂组对CIN治疗的总体有效率为52.27%,与干扰素组无差别(P＞0.05),与紫草油组有显著差别(P＜0.01)。结论 紫草青黛合剂治疗HPV感染、CINⅠ、CINⅡ有较好的疗效,是治疗宫颈疾病尤其是宫颈癌前病变一种有效的药物。     

二氧化碳激光气化治疗阴道上皮内瘤变临床分析

目的 评价二氧化碳激光气化治疗阴道上皮内瘤变(VaIN)的疗效和安全性。方法 收集2020年1月至2021年7月在郑州大学第二附院医院妇科接受二氧化碳激光气化治疗的27例VaIN患者临床资料,随访12个月以上,观察治疗效果和不良反应。结果 二氧化碳激光气化治疗VaIN总治愈率达96.29%。VaINⅠ组治愈率100.00%,VaINⅡ～Ⅲ组治愈率85.71%,比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.967,P=0.259)。结论 二氧化碳激光气化治疗VaIN保持了阴道正常生理结构,安全性高、可重复性强、疗效肯定,值得临床推广。     

318例宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床分析

目的探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)的临床特点及诊治动向。方法对1999年1月~2003年12月住院治疗318例CIN的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果近5年收治的CIN病例按年平均数计算(63.6例)为前15年(10例)的6.4倍。平均年龄提前6岁,宫颈原位癌提前8.3岁。阴道镜下多点活检与锥切和子宫切除术后病理对照,诊断完全一致208例(65.4%),降级47例(14.8%),阴性11例(3.5%),升级52例(16.4%),包括CINⅠ、Ⅱ级升至CINⅢ级30例(32.6%);CINⅢ级升至早期浸润癌20例(8.8%)及浸润癌2例(0.9%)。CINⅢ级中宫颈原位癌治疗方式在3个阶段(1958~1983,1984~1998,1999~2003年)有明显变化,冷刀锥切的比例从3.0%增到42.2%,子宫切除从77.3%减至52.2%,子宫次广泛切除从27.6%降至4.4%,腔内放疗从28.5%减到零。结论近年CIN病例有上升现象,且有年轻化趋势。细胞学 阴道镜下多点活检 颈管刮术 病理不失为CIN的联合早诊方法。在CIN治疗中宫颈冷刀锥切具有重要价值。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变150例临床分析

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析1984年1月至1998年12月住院治疗的150例CIN的临床资料。结果宫颈细胞学检查诊断的阳性率为76．65,与宫颈管细胞学检查联合应用诊断的阳性率为78．8％,两者比较无显著性差异。细胞检查结合阴道镜下活检诊断CIN阳性率为95．3％,与单一细胞学诊断相比较,有显著性差异。阴道镜下活检与病理诊断的符合率为91．6％,镜下活检与宫颈管刮术结合诊断的阳性率明显高于单纯阴道镜下活检。141例采用手术治疗,无1例切缘阳性;9例原位癌采用腔内放疗,全组无1例复发或死亡。结论宫颈细胞学检查结合阴道镜检是诊断CIN的有效方法,对绝经后妇女应同时行宫颈管刮术,对不宜手术的原位癌患者可行单纯腔内放疗。     

310例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)术后随访的临床分析

目的:分析310例CIN术后随访资料。方法:比较手术前后3月、6月、12月液基细胞术(TCT)阳性率、HPV感染率的改变。分析其与不同年龄,不同病变程度间的关系。结果:310例标本中,术后3月TCT阳性率由术前89.68%降至30.00%,术后6月、12月TCT的阳性率分别为6.77%、1.61%;术后3月HPV的感染率由术前93.55%降至56.77%,术后6月、12月分别为14.19%、5.48%。随年龄增加,术后3月、6月,不同年龄组TCT阳性率及HPV感染率分别逐渐增加,且各组间的差异分别具有显著性(P<0.05)。术后12月,51-60岁年龄组TCT阳性率及HPV感染率均显著高于其余各组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),而其它各组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);随CIN级别增加,术后3月、6月、12月TCT的阳性率及HPV的感染率分别增加,在同一随访时限内不同级别间TCT阳性率及HPV感染率差异分别具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)能显著减低TCT、HPV的阳性率。术后3月复查HPV阳性率下降不明显,术后6月HPV阳性率明显降低。对于年龄较大、病变程度高的CIN术后患者,应加强随访。     

液基细胞学联合HPV分型检测在妊娠合并宫颈上皮内瘤变患者的应用

  目的  应用液基细胞学联合HPV分型方法检测妊娠合并宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN), 初步了解此类患者中TCT及HPV感染情况与妊娠宫颈病变的关系。  方法  对象为2006年1月至2012年1月确诊为妊娠合并宫颈上皮内瘤变的72例患者, 初次孕期保健均进行细胞学、HPV检测, 对这些临床资料进行回顾性分析研究。  结果  妊娠合并CIN发生率为2.1%。72例患者中全部产前行宫颈TCT检测, HSIL为32例, LSIL为40例, 56例于产前保健时检测HPV, 其中48例(85.7%)为阳性结果, 32例为HPV16型单独或混合感染。72例孕期保健时行阴道镜活检病理诊断CINⅠ16例、CINⅡ16例、CINⅢ40例。  结论  液基细胞学联合HPV分型检测在妊娠合并宫颈上皮内瘤变患者的应用是安全而且有效的。在妊娠期CIN患者中HPV感染率高, 且HPV16型与CIN高等级病变关系密切。      

阴道上皮内瘤变的诊疗进展

阴道上皮内瘤变(vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia,VAIN)是指发生在阴道的鳞状上皮不典型增生及原位癌的一类病变。与人乳头状瘤病毒感染及宫颈浸润癌的发生密切相关,是阴道浸润癌的癌前病变,近年检出率明显增加。但至今尚无统一的临床诊疗标准方案。本文就近年来VAIN的诊疗进展作一综述。     

Association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

Methods

A total of 588 women who had abnormal Pap smears and had finally undergone loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in our institute from September 2002 to May 2006 were selected. The screening tests for BV were done in 552 of the 588, and BV was diagnosed if three of the following four findings were satisfied: presence of abnormal discharge, vaginal pH>4.5, presence of clue cells, positive amine or whiff test. Five hundred and five patients had HPV typing tests by the HPV DNA chip. Forty two patients diagnosed with invasive cancer were excluded from this study. CIN was subdivided into low-grade CIN (CIN I) and high-grade CIN (CIN II/III) groups.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in patient characteristics between BV-present and BV-absent group. The incidence of CIN was significantly higher in the BV-present group (p=0.043), however, no statistical significance of BV on CIN was observed on multivariate analysis. HPV infection showed no significant relationship with BV. BV with or without HPV infection did not influence the incidence of CIN, regardless of the severity.

Conclusion

There was significant correlation between BV and the presence of CIN, regardless of the severity of CIN. In addition, there was no significant association between the presence of BV and HPV infection.     

The utility of the human papillomavirus DNA load for the diagnosis and prediction of persistent vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective

We evaluated the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA load for the diagnosis and prediction of persistent vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).

Methods

A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with a pathological diagnosis of VAIN was performed. Eligible women (N=48) were followed for cytology and HPV DNA test, and colposcopic biopsies were taken at 3- to 6-month intervals. Thirty-seven patients were followed for more than 6 months; their HPV DNA test results were compared to the cytology results for the prediction of disease prognosis.

Results

The degree of VAIN was more severe in patients with a high initial HPV DNA load (p=0.009). Patients with VAIN 2 and VAIN 3 were older than those with VAIN 1 (p=0.005 and 0.008, respectively). In 26 out of 37 patients (70.3%), the VAIN resolved. The other patients had persistent lesions with no progression to invasive vaginal carcinoma. The last follow-up HPV DNA load was significantly higher in the group with persistent VAIN compared to the group with resolved VAIN (p<0.0001). Negative cytology was observed in 25 out of 26 patients in the VAIN resolved group and in nine out of 11 patients in the VAIN persistent group (p=0.205).

Conclusion

These results suggest that the HPV DNA test, especially for viral load, was more effective for the diagnosis and prediction of persistent VAIN than cytology.     

Human papillomavirus in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

There are limited data on the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). We sought to clarify this issue in a series of 450 VAIN cases with a confirmed diagnosis between 1990 and 2006. HPV genotyping was performed using paraffin-embedded specimens and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Multiple HPV types were validated by E6 type-specific PCR and direct sequencing. The HPV genotypes of the vaginal and cervical neoplasms were compared for those with incident VAIN and a history of previous/concomitant cervical neoplasms. Ki-67 was performed for supporting diagnosis of VAIN. Of these 450 VAIN cases (median age, 59 years; range, 19-93), two with missing paraffin blocks and 54 with poor DNA quality were excluded. HPV was detected in 273/394 (69.3%) VAIN, and multiple infections were found in 17.9% of HPV-positive samples. The leading types were HPV16 (35.5%), HPV58 (9.9%), HPV52 (9.9%), HPV39 (8.4%), HPV33 (7.3%) and HPV53 (7.0%). Among the 156 cases with a history of previous cervical neoplasia, 29.0% had concordant HPV genotypes, while synchronous VAIN samples (n = 49) were more likely to harbor concordant genotypes (58.7%) with the concomitant cervical neoplasm (p = 0.0003). Whether those HPV types in the incident VAIN lesions had existed in the vaginal epithelium at the time of the previous cervical neoplasia or a new acquisition needs to be clarified in prospective follow-up studies.     

宫颈上皮内瘤变手术后边缘的评价

宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia．CIN）由Richart于1967年提出,根据Richart的定义,CINⅢ期包括宫颈的重度不典型增生和原位癌。目前对于评价和治疗CINⅢ期的指征很明确,但对于宫颈锥切术后切缘阳性患者的处理仍有争议。我们对2．51例CINⅢ期接受冷刀锥切术患者的切缘及相关因素进行了分析,现将结果报道如下。     

Medical treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II, III: an update review

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II, III is a preinvasive stage of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The standard treatment for CIN II, III consists of ablation and excision. However, nonsurgical treatment may be necessary for some women to preserve future reproductive potential. This review was conducted to summarize available published data on the efficacy and safety of medical treatment for CIN II, III. Based on existing studies, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors; indole-3-carbinol; and novel immunotherapy agents, including ZYC101a, MVA E2, and HspE7, have been observed as possessing therapeutic activity without any major treatment-related complications. These promising results provide important data for the future direction of clinical research.     

宫颈环形电切除术治疗不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的效果及其对预后的影响

目的探讨宫颈环形电切除(LEEP)术治疗不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)的效果及其对预后的影响。方法收集2007年8月至2013年8月间宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)行宫颈LEEP术的患者689例,对不同级别CIN患者行的预后进行比较。结果 CINⅢ组的并发症发生率显著高于CINⅡ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的术前活检病理与术后病理结果一致情况以及治疗结局差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 LEEP术治疗不同级别CIN可以获得较好的效果,可有效提高预后。     

HPV E6/E7 mRNA和HPV DNA检测技术在宫颈上皮内瘤变中的诊断价值分析

目的比较人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA和HPV DNA检测技术对宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)2级及以上(CIN2+)患者的诊断价值,并评价HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测结果在不同实验室间的一致性。方法采用HPV E6/E7 mRNA和HPV DNA检测技术对212例门诊体检的健康者和住院的宫颈病变患者的宫颈脱落细胞学标本进行检测。以病理诊断结果为金标准,评价两种检测技术诊断CIN2+的灵敏度和特异度。北京市迪安中心实验室和北京市怀柔妇幼保健院实验室均采用HPV E6/E7 m RNA检测技术检测同一批标本,评价实验室间检测的一致性。结果HPV E6/E7 m RNA检测的阳性率为38.7%,与HPV DNA的阳性率43.9%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。HPV E6/E7 mRNA和HPV DNA的检测阳性率均随着病理分级的升高而增加(P<0.01)。HPV E6/E7mRNA检测CIN2+的灵敏度为92.96%,与HPV DNA的90.14%相比,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),而HPV E6/E7mRNA检测CIN2+的特异度为88.65%,高于HPV DNA的79.43%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两个实验室采用HPV E6/E7 m RNA检测阳性一致的标本例数为78,阴性一致的标本例数为121,总一致率为93.87%,Kappa=0.872,一致性较好。结论与HPV DNA检测技术相比,HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测宫颈病变的特异度更具优势,实验室间重复性检测的一致率较高,有望成为中国宫颈癌HPV筛查的首选方法。     

人乳头瘤病毒亚临床感染和宫颈上皮内瘤变的电子阴道镜和病理学观察

目的探讨电子阴道镜(EC)检查对宫颈人乳头瘤病毒亚临床感染(SPI)和宫颈上皮内瘤样变(CIN)的诊断价值及其与病理诊断的一致性。方法1420例在EC下筛查,对209例拟诊病例观察其EC图像,行宫颈活检病理学和HPV-6、11、18型免疫组化检查。结果SPI和CIN的EC图像主要是不同程度的醋酸白色上皮、血管异常改变和碘阴性染色。HPV感染的病理组织学特征是挖空细胞形成,这种病变在大部分的SPI和CIN患者中被发现(62例,74.6%)。病理形态学结合免疫组化诊断SPI56例(26.79%),CINⅠ10例(4.78%),CINⅡ9例(4.31%),CINⅢ8例(3.83%),宫颈炎126例(60.29%)。HPV-6、11、18型免疫组化的总检出率为23%(48/209)。EC诊断SPI、CIN和慢性宫颈炎与病理诊断的一致率(准确度)为88.04%(184/209,Kappa=0.755,P<0.01),灵敏度90.36%(75/83),特异度86.51%(109/126),阳性预测值81.52%(75/92),阴性预测值93.16%(109/117),两种检查结果比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论EC是一种有效可靠的诊断宫颈病变的筛查方法,在EC下取活检结合免疫组织化学能提高SPI和CIN的早期诊断率。