局限期小细胞肺癌海马保护脑预防性照射初步研究

目的 分析局限期小细胞肺癌放化疗后行海马保护的脑预防性照射(PCI)的可行性。方法 2016-2019年于浙江省肿瘤医院对进行PCI的小细胞肺癌患者随机分至常规组 22例与海马保护组 18例。根据RTOG 0933试验勾画靶区,海马保护组采用容积调强弧形治疗(VMAT)技术,放疗结束后对患者进行霍普金斯言语测试及脑MRI随访。结果 海马体积(4.01±1.57) cm³,海马回避区体积(20.13±4.14) cm³,海马保护区 域D100%为(7.19±0.38) Gy,Dmax为(14.38±1.18) Gy。霍普金斯言语测试中,放疗后1个月与放疗前(测试3、测试4、学习数、保留百分比)相比,以及放疗后1个月与放疗后(测试3、学习数)相比,海马保护组较常规组下降程度低。平均随访时间(17.00±8.47)个月,共 2例患者出现脑部转移,均为常规放疗组且转移灶位于海马保护区之外。结论 采用VMAT技术进行海马保护的PCI在剂量学上具有可行性,测试结果提示海马保护对于记忆的保护作用,值得临床上进一步推广。     

局限期小细胞肺癌预防性脑照射后脑转移相关危险因素分析

小细胞肺癌具有易复发和转移的生物学特点,脑是小细胞肺癌肺外转移的好发部位。局限期小细胞肺癌患者行预防性脑照射(PCI)能够有效降低脑转移的发生率,延长总生存期。但是在PCI后仍有近1/3的患者发生脑转移。本文对PCI后脑转移的危险因素进行综述,目的在于判断何种局限期小细胞肺癌亚组患者能够从PCI中获益,从而为PCI的临...     

550例局限期小细胞肺癌放化疗达缓解者预防性脑照射后脑转移风险评估

目的:评价影响放化疗后达完全缓解、部分缓解(CR/PR)的局限期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)患者预防性脑照射(PCI)后脑转移(BM)风险、预后因素。方法:收集2002—2017年间在浙江省肿瘤医院治疗疗效达CR/PR且经PCI治疗的550例局限期SCLC患者的基本资料,回顾分析PCI后BM风险因素及预后。采用 ...     

局限期小细胞肺癌预防性全脑照射研究进展

摘 要：小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）占肺癌的10%~20%,恶性程度高,易转移复发。SCLC具有易发生脑转移的临床生物学特征,而随着现代综合诊疗的进步,患者生存率逐渐提高,相应的脑转移发生率也逐渐增加。治疗后完全缓解的局限期SCLC患者可从预防性脑照射（prophylactic cranial irradiation,PCI）中获益,但高龄患者以及完全切除的早期患者行PCI的必要性,尚存在争议。此外,PCI的适用人群范围、介入时机、剂量分割、远期神经毒副作用仍有待进一步研究。全文对上述问题进行文献综述,并介绍该领域的研究进展。     

局限期小细胞肺癌预防性脑照射后脑转移相关危险因素分析

目的:明确局限期小细胞肺癌患者行预防性脑照射（prophylactic cranial irradiation,PCI）后发生脑转移的危险因素,并对相关因素进行分析。以筛选出不能从PCI中获益的人群,为PCI的临床应用提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2011年08月至2019年12月在我院接受过PCI的167例局限期小细胞肺癌患者的病历资料。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对病历资料进行统计分析。用Kaplan-Meier法计算脑转移发生率及总生存率,并用Log-rank法进行检验。采用Cox回归对影响脑转移及总生存的危险因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:局限期小细胞肺癌患者PCI后1、2、3年脑转移率分别为3.8%、12.7%、18.9%。单因素及多因素分析结果显示原发肿瘤为T4期(P=0.004,HR=7.06,95%CI:1.86~26.82)是影响患者PCI后脑转移的危险因素,T2期（P=0.008,HR=2.48,95%CI:1.26~4.89）、T3期(P=0.003,HR=3.38,95%CI:1.49~7.47)、T4期(P=0.001,HR=3.87,95%CI:1.79~8.35)是影响患者总生存的危险因素。结论:较高的T分期是局限期小细胞肺癌患者PCI后脑转移及总生存的独立危险因素。即使T4期患者PCI后脑转移发生率高于其他期别,但仍能够从PCI中获益。     

预防性脑照射在小细胞肺癌治疗中的应用进展

<正>目前,小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)在肺癌中占12.95%,其生长速度快、转移播散时间早、对放化疗的初始敏感度高[1]。然而,SCLC的治疗依然是是医学上的一个难题。在过去10年里,SCLC患者的生存率并没有显著提高,5年生存率最高仅为20%²5%。脑转移是SCLC转移的最常见部位之一,也是治疗失败的常见原因[2]。随着患者生存期的延长,脑转移的发生率还有增高的趋势。     

小细胞肺癌预防性脑照射的远期疗效

目的：探讨预防性全脑照射对局限期小细胞肺癌脑转移率和生存率的影响。方法：51例经化疗加放射治疗后完全缓解的局限期小细胞肺癌病例被随机分为脑照射组（26例）和对照组（25例）。脑照射组在肿瘤完全缓解后11－58d开始常规分割照射，采用双侧野照射，剂量为25．2－3．6Gy。结果：脑照射组脑转移率为3．8％，明显低于对照组的32．0％（χ^2=5.15,P=0.02)。脑照射组1、3、5年生存率分别为84．6％、42．3％、34．6％，对照组分别为72．0％、32．0％、24．0％，两组比较差异无显著性意义（χ^2=2.25,P=0.13)。脑照射组没有出现严重的放射后遗症。结论：预防性全脑照射能减少局限期小细胞肺癌的脑转移，可能有提高其生存率的趋势。     

磁共振成像监测时代脑预防照射在局限期小细胞肺癌中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)时代局限期小细胞肺癌(LS-SCLC)根治性放化疗后疗效评价达完全缓解(CR)或部分缓解(PR)者,行全脑预防性照射(PCI)的疗效及脑转移危险因素分析。方法 回顾性分析2013-07-01-2017-06-30在河北医科大学第四医院行根治性放化疗的177例LS-SCLC患者病历资料。根据是否行PCI分为PCI组(77例)和非PCI组(100例)。所有患者均行颅脑增强MRI监测随访,发生脑转移后行挽救性治疗。分析比较2组患者的生存预后情况。采用Kaplan-Meier法行生存分析,Cox模型多因素行预后分析。结果 PCI组和非PCI组的1、2、3年总生存率(OS)分别为95.9%、70.3%、51.5%和90.9%、44.4%、25.1%,χ²=13.547,P<0.001;无脑转移生存率(BMFS)分别为97.1%、76.8%、70.5%和68.9%、53.6%、46.9%,χ²=19.284,P<0.001。多因素分析显示,PCI(HR=0.497,95%CI:0.300～0.825,P=0.00...     

术后小细胞肺癌患者预防性脑照射研究进展

小细胞肺癌(SCLC)发病数较少,约占所有支气管肺癌的13%~20%,恶性程度较高,短时间内易复发转移。确诊时局限期小细胞肺癌约占SCLC的30%,符合手术患者仅占5%。放化疗后完全缓解者仍有一半以上患者发生脑转移。术后Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期SCLC患者脑转移发生率为6%~14%、13%~38%、11%~36%。预防性脑照射(PCI)可提高放化疗后完全缓解者总生存率,并降低脑转移发生率,是局限期SCLC综合治疗的重要组成部分。但是,PCI的临床应用仍存一些争议,手术完全切除的SCLC患者行PCI的疗效不一。本文对此问题进行文献综述,并介绍该领域的研究进展。     

小细胞肺癌术后化疗后预防性脑照射是否必要

目的小细胞肺癌根治术后巩固化疗后预防性脑照射是否能减低脑转移率,提高生存率。方法１９７８年３月～１９９４年７月收治了小细胞肺癌术后化疗后脑预防照射２５例。男１８例,女７例。术后病理分期Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢＡ分别为８,８和９例。化疗方案：ＣＯＭＥ（Ｃ：环磷酰胺;Ｏ：长春新硷;Ｍ：甲氨蝶呤;Ｅ：依托泊甙）,ＣＯＭＣ（Ｃ：环磷酰胺;Ｏ：长春新硷;Ｍ：甲氨蝶呤;Ｃ：卡铂）,ＣＡＥ（Ｃ：环磷酰胺;Ａ：阿霉素;Ｅ：依托泊甙）,ＣＥＣＡＰ（Ｃ：卡铂;Ｅ：依托泊甙;Ｃ：环磷酰胺;Ａ：阿霉素;Ｐ：顺铂）。２４Ｇｙ照射３例,３０Ｇｙ照射２２例。同期根治术后化疗后未作脑预防照射４５例作对照。结果脑转移率：预防组８％（２／２５）,对照组２０％（９／４５）。预防组１,３,５年生存率分别为８８．０％,６０．０％和４７．４％。对照组分别为７３．３％,４２．２％和３４．２％。预防组Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢＡ期５年生存率分别为６０．０％,５７．０％和２８．６％,对照组的分别为５７．０％,３０．８％和９．０％。结论小细胞肺癌预防性脑照射有可能减低脑转移率,提高生存率,但因病例数少不能下结论。     

SCLC脑预防照射——争议中的进展

SCLC是一种强侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,自然病程短,易发生脑转移,因此在放化疗基础上,应用脑预防照射对于减少脑转移的发生及提高患者生存具有重要意义。然而近年来关于脑预防照射的适应证及应用价值却争议不断。这些争议主要集中在广泛期SCLC中脑预防照射的价值,局限期SCLC中脑预防照射适应证以及是否另有替代方法等。本文旨在对现阶段脑预防照射临床应用的相关争议及进展进行相应探讨。     

现代诊疗技术下脑预防照射在局限期小细胞肺癌中的疗效分析

目的:探讨现代综合治疗模式及诊断技术下,局限期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)放化疗有效者行脑预防照射(PCI)的疗效及复发失败模式。方法:回顾性分析2006—2014年间共201例于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院接受放化疗综合治疗且达有效[完全缓解(CR)/部分缓解(PR)]的局限期SCLC患者的临床资料。综合治疗采用以调强放疗和≥4...     

Efficacy and safety of prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with small cell lung cancer

Background: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) as part ofthe treament regimen for patients with limited stagesmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains controversial. Thepresent study was performed to analyze the efficacyand safety of PCI in patients with limitedstage SCLC who achieved complete remission.Patients and methods: Between 1983 and 1993, thirty-ninepatients with limited stage SCLC who had showncomplete remission after chemotherapy were enrolled prospectively intothe non-randomized study. Eighteen of them received PCI(PCI+), while 21 did not (PCI–). Pretreatment CTor MRI of the brain was performed inall patients. Patients were prospectively evaluated by aneurologist at regular intervals. Results: Three PCI+ patientsand seven PCI– patients developed brain metastases. Thefrequencies of brain metastases were not significantly differentbetween the groups (Fisher's exact test, p =0.207), but brain metastases in PCI+ patients tendedto occur later (log rank, p=0.008).Overall survival was significantly longer in PCI+ patients(log rank, p < 0.001).Early toxicity consisted of headache, nausea, fatigue, concentrationproblems and alopecia. These symptoms and signs weremild and usually reversible within a few months.Late toxicity was studied in patients whose survivalexceeded two years. Seven PCI+ patients survived formore than two years, while no PCI– patientssurvived for more than two years. Memory problemswere seen in six of the seven patients.These problems were non-disabling and, once established, remainedstable for months to years.The most prominent radiologic abnormalities were cortical atrophyand leukoencephalopathy, found in four of the fivepatients who underwent radiologic follow-up examination.Conclusions: This non-randomized study suggests that PCI maybe effective by decreasing the frequency of brainmetastases and by increasing the brain metastasis-free survivaland overall survival, with a minor risk ofclinical and radiologic neurotoxicity.     

Neurocognitive function in patients with small cell lung cancer : effect of prophylactic cranial irradiation

BACKGROUND: The use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been tempered by fears of detrimental effects on cognitive function. Neuropsychologic testing was prospectively conducted before and after PCI to evaluate its effects on cognitive function in patients with SCLC. METHODS: Ninety-six patients who completely or partially responded to initial therapy underwent formal neurocognitive testing before PCI. Three patients who had central nervous system metastasis were excluded. Of the remaining patients, 69 received PCI (mean dose, 25 grays [Gy] in 10 fractions). Repeat testing was performed on 37 patients (median follow-up, 23 months; range, 6-120 months). RESULTS: Baseline impairment was defined as > or =1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean. Before undergoing PCI, 47% of patients had evidence of impaired cognitive function. After PCI, univariate analysis revealed significant transient declines in executive function (pre-PCI mean, 15.6 +/- 11.5; post-PCI, 27.1 +/- 17.6 [P = .008]) and language (pre-PCI mean, 33.8 +/- 9.9; post-PCI, 31.0 +/- 9.0 [P = .049]) at early timepoints. Controlling for noncentral nervous system disease progression the deficit in executive function was no longer significant. Moreover, these deficits were not sustained, and significant improvements in language and motor coordination were recorded. On multivariate analysis, no significant differences before and after PCI were found. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive testing demonstrated that a substantial portion of patients with SCLC had impaired brain functioning at baseline. Persistent declines in cognitive function were not observed after cranial irradiation. These data do not favor the omission of PCI on the basis of fears of neurotoxic effects.     

小细胞肺癌预防性脑照射的临床研究

目的 探讨性全脑照射（ＰＣＩ）对局限期小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ）脑转移率和生存率的影响。方法 １９９０年１月～１９９５年１２月间,５１例经化疗加放疗后完全缓解的局限期ＳＣＬＣ患者被承机分为脑照射组（２６例）和对照组（２５例）。脑照射组患者接受ＰＣＩ２５．２～３０．６Ｇｙ。结果 脑照射组患者的脑转移率为３．８％,明显你芋对照组的２８．０％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。脑照射组患者和,１,２,３年生存率分别为８４．６