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??OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy(HRT) on the quality of life in climacteric women.METHODS The 202 patients were collected and divided into three groups according to whether or not they were treated with HRT: group 1 (not HRT), group 2 (HRT for the first time), group 3 (HRT for more than one year). All patients received follow-up visiting once per three months for one year. They were evaluated by the professionals through Kupperman index(KI), menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS). All patients were guided to improve the way of life.RESULTS After a year, KI, MENQOL and SAS in the three groups were improved significantly (P=0.003, 0.007, 0.014). KI and MENQOL were improved earlier than SAS. SDS was improved but not significantly(P=0.109). KI, MENQOL, SAS and SDS of patients in group 1 were improved significantly, but improved more weakly than those in group 2 and group 3. There is negative correlation between HRT and the values of every scale, and there is positive correlation between culture degree and SAS, SDS score values. CONCLUSION HRT canim prove the quality of life in climacteric women. The improvement in physical symptoms is earlier than that in mental symptoms. Anxiety and depression are more likely to occur in menopausal patients with high degree of education. Traditional Chinese medicine, exercise therapy and physical rehabilitation can be used as an auxiliary treatment for patients who are unable or unwilling to accept the HRT.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an RP-HPLC analytical method for simultaneous determination of crysoeriol and centaureidin in the aeries parts of Echinops integrifolius. METHODS The separation was achieved on a Kromasil C₁₈ column ( 4. 6 mm??250 mm,5 ??m)at 30 ?? using acetonitrile-water-acetic acid solution (35??65??2) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL??min^-1 and 350 nm as the detection wavelength. RESULTS The linear ranges of crysoeriol and centaureidin were 0.4-2.4 mg??L^-1(r=0.999 8), 0.6-2. 6 mg??L^-1 (r=0.999 9), respectively. The average recoveries (n=6) were 91.6% and 92.7%, and RSDs were 1.37% and 1.08% respectively. CONCLUSION The methodology validation shows that this method is accurate,simple and reliable,which is applicable for the simultaneous determination of two flavonols crysoeriol and centaureidin in the aeries parts of Echinops integrifolius.     

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??OBJECTIVE To analyze the regularity, clinical reactions and outcomes of the adverse reaction of sorafenib to provide reference for safe medication in clinical practice. METHODS The case reports of sorafenib ADR which were published at international medical academic periodicals during 2006-2016 were collected and analyzed statistically in respect of gender, age, disease informations, clinical manifestation and RESULTS of treatment. RESULTS A total of 93 adverse reactions were identified and included in the analysis, 22 cases were unexpected ADR. The ADR happened in male was more than in female, and the age of 61-80 was the most common population (45.16%). The ADR was mostly happened in 1 month (71.11%) after therapy. Lesions of skin and its appendants were the most commonly reported ADRs (51.52%), followed by the lesions of digestive system (22.73%) ,which reported the most of the death cases (n=19 , 6 death). The ADR correlation rate was high in these case reports. CONCLUSION Multiple organ systems are involved in the ADRs of sorafenib, amd careful clinical observation and symptomatic treatment in time are necessary.     

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??Quercetin could affect both the in vivo and in vitro transport of a variety of commonly used drugs by modulating the uptake transporter organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATPs), organic anion transporters (OATs), efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. Quercetin can regulate various drug transporters, thereby affecting other drugs in vivo process.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare the total alkaloids of Strychni Semen(TASS)-total glucosides of Paeony(TGP) gel and study its in vitro transdermal absorption of two alkaloids(strychnine and brucine) after the combination of TASS and TGP. METHODS The excised abdominal skin of mice was used as the permeation model. Utilizing the modified Franz diffusion cell, the suitable receiving solution was elected to test the content of two alkaloids by HPLC, and thus the percutaneous rates and permeability coefficients were obtained. RESULTS 20% Ethanol-normal saline was taken as receiving solution. With combination use of TASS and TGP, the penetration quantities of strychnine and brucine in different (1:1,1:3,1:6) gels were felled by 22.7%,48.4%,69.1% and 5.93%,23.8%,80.7% after 24 h. And with the increase of compatibility proportion, infiltration rate and skin retention rate also gradually reduced. CONCLUSION The compatibility of TASS and TGP drug delivery can reduce the toxic ingredients through capacity, there is a “attenuated” effect, the best ratio is 1:6.     

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??OBJECTIVE To examine the in vitro release profile and in vivo retention of estradiol vaginal thermosensitive gel (E2-VTG).METHODS E2-VTISG was prepared by cold dissolving method.The dynamic membrane dialysis method and HPLC-fluorometric method were used to determine the in vitro release characteristic of the estradiol vaginal thermosensitive gel.CRi Maestro was applied to evaluate the retention of E2-VTG in ICR mice with IR820 as the fluorescent marker. RESULTS Estradiol could be released slowly from the thermosensitive gel and the release profile was fitted with Higuchi equation. It was speculated that estradiol was mainly released through diffusion.NIR imaging and fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that thermosensitive gel could reside in vagina for at least 8 h. CONCLUSION Estradiol thermosensitive gel can prolong the drug residence time in vagina and sustain the drug release rate.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish dose-related lung inflammatory injury in rats model with intratracheal atomization of lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharides, LPS). METHODS Four groups of 4 rats were subjected to solvent or a single dose of LPS by intratracheal route using a IA-1B-2 inches-microsprayer. The male rats received 200 ??L solvent (control), LPS solutions (15, 5, 0.5 mg??kg^-1). All rats were sacrificed 24 h after dose administration, biochemical analysis and cell counts on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were performed on each rat. Lung, trachea and kidney were examined histologically. Serum chemistry profiles of creatinine, ALB, Na, K, Cl^- were detected. RESULTS Cell counts in BALF showed LPS groups had different degrees of inflammatory reaction. The alkaline phosphatase and total protein concentration were higher in LPS high dose group compared with other groups. In addition, the concentration of TNF-?? increased consistently with LPS dose and has statistical significance compared with the control group. Histopathology findings demonstrated that LPS produced an accumulation of foamy macrophages in the lungs and high degree of inflammation. CONCLUSION The results recommends intratracheally atomizing doses of LPS in rats model produced ranks of lung inflammatory injury.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of hot-melt spray-dried andrographolide granules and compare it with andrographolide bulk drug. METHODS A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for determination of the concentration of andrographolide in plasma of rats which were respectively given micronized andrographolide and hot-melt spray-dried andrographolide granules, then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of andrographolide after a single dose administration of micronized andrographolide and hot-melt andrographolide were as following: t_1/2 were (347.33??9.32) and (390.82??8.78) min, t_max were (30.00??5.94) and (60.00??3.48) min, ??_max were (1 940.14??21.21) and (1 818.22??23.64) ng??mL^-1, AUC_0-t were (427 515.71??37 350.03) and (426 406.31??20 577.75) ng??min??mL^-1, AUC_0-inf were (545 423.14??47 969.18) and (593 569.87??30 247.35) ng??min??mL^-1, Vz/F were (43.48??4.75) and (44.96??3.81) kg??L^-1, CL/F were (86.78??3.35) and (79.74??2.89) kg??L^-1??min^-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with the bulk drug, the hot-melt spray-dried andrographolide granules have a longer t_1/2, lower ??_max and delayed t_max in rats.     

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??To improve the in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption as well as the bioavailability after oral administration by increasing the solubility with the formation of solid dispersion remains a great challenge for the oral dosage form design of poorly water-soluble drugs. Compared with the other pharmaceutical techniques in improving the solubility for poorly water-soluble drugs, priorities are usually given to solid dispersion for its manufacturing convenience. Following the characteristics introduction, we were focused this review on the novel carriers and advanced techniques used for preparing solid dispersions. Amphiphilic polymers used as novel solid dispersion carriers are Solutol HS 15, Soluplus and poly [MPC-co-BMA]. Inorganic materials like magnesium aluminum metasilicat, mesoporous silica microparticle and mesoporous magnesium carbonate are introduced together with the advanced solid dispersing techniques such as supercritical fluid technology, high speed electro-spinning and microenvironmental pH modified technology.     

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??OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid DNA detection kit for DNA extraction and PCR identification of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. METHODS The classical DNA extraction and PCR identification METHODS for Panax ginseng C.A. Mey were modified, and the compositions and reaction conditions of the kit were determined. In addition, the specificity, stability, sensitivity, and repeatability of the kit were evaluated. The genomic DNAs of genuine and counterfeit ginseng goods were extracted by the kit and PCR was performed to identify the authenticity. The purity of the extracted DNA was detected by UV spectrophotometry. Finally, commercially available ginseng samples were verified. RESULTS The purity of the genomic DNA extracted by the kit was (1.73??0.13)(OD₂₆₀/ OD₂₈₀), and a fragment between 150 and 200 bp could be amplified only from authentic Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. The specificity of the kit was 100%. The repetitive experiments showed that the average intra-assay CV% and inter-assay CV% of the kit were 2.38% and 2.62%, respectively. The DNA in solutions diluted by 200 times could still be detected. Stability experiment proved that repeated freeze-thawing for 20 times had no significant effect on the activity of this kit and the test sample could be stored at -20 ?? for one year. The specificity test confirmed that 8 samples among the 10 commercial products were genuine, and 2 were counterfeit. CONCLUSION The nucleic acid extraction and purity of the DNA detection kit can meet the requirement for identification of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.The kit has good specificity, high sensitivity, and good stability, so it is suitable for the rapid detection of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl.. METHODS Compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as 3,4,??-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate (1), protocatechaldehyde (2), vanillic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), p-hydroxylbenzylalcohol (5), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (6), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) acetaldehyde (7), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (8), 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (9), p-coumatic acid (10), methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (11), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (12), 1,2,4-benzentriol (13), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one(14), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), and isovanillic acid (16). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Yao medicine, Zhongliuteng, the stems of Pileostegia tomentella. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography repeatedly, and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and chemical METHODS. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated from the stems of P. tomentella and the structures were identified as 1-O-(??-D-glucosyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(??-hydroxypropyl) phenoxy]propan-3-ol(1),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (2),syringin (3),coniferin (4),dihydroconiferin (5),but-3-enyl-??-D-glucoside (6),4-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxy phenyl ??-D-glucopyranoside (7),nikoenoside (8),protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (9),8-methoxy coumarin-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (10),6-O-R-L-rhamnopyranosyl-??-D-glucopyranoside methyl salicylate (11), nicotinamide (12), and 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinicacid methyl ester (13). CONCLUSION All compounds were obtained from the genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Akebiae quinata. METHODS Various column chromatography techniques including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography were used for fractionization and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic evidence. RESULTS Fifteen compounds were obtained, and their structures were identified as geniposidic acid(1), 10-O-acetylgeniposidic acid(2), vomifoliol(3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(4), protocatechuic acid(5), caffeic acid(6), tyrosol(7), palmitic acid(8), 15-nonacosanol(9), stigmasterol(10), stigmasterol-3-O-??-D-glycopyranoside(11), ??-sitosterol(12), ??-daucosterol(13), ursolic acid(14), and oleanolic acid(15). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-7, 9 and 14 were isolated from the fruits of Akebiae quinata for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate fraction from Dioscorea bulbifera. METHODS This compounds were isolated and purified with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and preparative liquid chromatography. Their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as ephemeranyhoquinone(1), N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone(2), aurantiamide acetate(3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester(4), 2, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene(5), 4, 5-dihydroblumenol A(6), C-veratroylglycol(7), teasperol(8), vomifoliol(9), Z-6, 7-ligustilide(10), 2, 3, 7-trihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene(11), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester(12), 3, 5, 7, 4??-tetrahydroxyflavone(13), 3, 5, 3??-trimethoxyquercetin(14), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(15), 3, 5, 7, 3??, 4??-pentahydroxyflavone(16), daucosterol(17), 5, 3 ??, 4??-trihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone(18), epicatechin(19), 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene(20), methyl eucomate(21), catechins(22), 5, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4??-dimethoxyflavone(23), and 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester(24). CONCLUSION Except compounds 11, 14, 15, 18-20, 22 other compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the liposoluble constituents of Urticae Rhizoma. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS gel column chromatographies, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS Twenty-one compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Urticae Rhizoma, and identified as(-)-urticol(1),(-)-secoisolariciresinol(2), 23-hydroxybetulinic acid(3), 2??,3??, 24-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid(4), cleomiscosin A (5), dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone(6), methyl chlorogenate(7), kaempferol(8), pinoresinol monomethyether-4??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(9), martairesinol-4??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(10), cycloolivil-6-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(11), stigmasterol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(12), nicotinamide(13), trans-caffeic acid-4-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(14), esculin(15), 5-hydroxyl-7-methoxycoumarin-8-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(16), 6-oxymethyluteolin-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(17), luteolin-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(18), quercetin-3-O-(4??-methoxy)-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(19), 2??-deoxy uridine(20), and apigenin-6, 8-di-C-??-D-glycoside(21), respectively. CONCLUSION All the compounds, except 8 and 12, are isolated from U. fissa for the first time. Meanwhile, compounds 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, and 19 are all found in Urticaeae plants for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Magnolia biondii.Pamp. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and so on. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-O-??-D-glucopyranosylvanillic acid(1), tachinoside(2), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate(3), caffeic acid(4), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-??-D-glucopyranoside(5), benzyl-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(6), benzyl-O-??-D-galactopyranoside(7), syringin(8), vanillic acid glucosyl ester(9), vanillic acid(10), 1??-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)cyclopentane-2??,3??-diol(11), scopolin(12),7-methoxycoumarin-6-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(13), and scopoletin(14). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9 and 11-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents in the stem barks of Pandanus tectorius Soland. METHODS The compounds were isolated by repeated chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 1??-O-benzyl-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1???6??)-??-D-glucopyranoside(1), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(2), isovitexin(3), vitexin(4), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester(5), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(6), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester(7),(+)-lyoniresinol 3a-O-??-glucopyranoside(8),(-)-lyoniresinol 3a-O-??-glucopyranoside(9), and benzyl-??-D-glucopyranoside(10). CONCLUSION All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Rubus parvifolius. METHODS Various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and prep-HPLC column chromatography were used. RESULTS Nineteen compounds, including 12 triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Rubus parvifolius. Based on the analysis of their spectroscopic data, the structures of these 19 compounds were identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid(1), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid(2), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid(3), ??-sitosterol(4), oleanolic acid(5), ursolic acid(6), 2-oxopomolic acid(7), pomolic acid(8), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol(9), psiguanin A(10), 2??-hydroxyursolic acid(11), tormentic acid(12), 2??,3??,19??,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(13), L-epicatechin(14), 2??,3??,19??,24- tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(15), 2??,3??,19??,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(16), 2??,3??,19??-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid(17), suavissimoside R₁ (18), and daucosterol(19), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 1-3, 5, 7-10, 12, and 15-17 are isolated from the roots of R. parvifolius for the first time. Compounds 7 and 9 are isolated from the genus Rubus L. for the first time. Compounds 10 and 15-17 are isolated from the family Rosaceae for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the ethnic drug Dicranopteris pedata. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by comprehensive application of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and their structures were identified on the basis of comprehensive analysis of their physical and chemical properties, NMR data and references. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as quercitrin(1), kaempferol 3-O-??-L-rhamnoside(2), rutin(3), hyperoside(4), kaempferol(5), quercetin(6), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2??, 3??-benzochalcone(7), stigmasterol(8), cycloastragenol(9), shikimic acid(10), protocatechuic acid(11), gallic acid(12), ??-sitosterol(13), and daucosterol(14). CONCLUSION Compound 1-14 are for the first time isolated from D. pedata.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems of Lythrum salicaria L..METHODS The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical characteristics. RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extracts and identified as betulinic acid(1), 2??,3??,24-trihydroxy-12(13)-en-urs-28-oic acid(2), 6-O-(E)- sinapoylpoligalitol(3), feruloyl-6??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(4), 7-oxo-??-sitosterol(5), en-tisolariciresinol(6), muramine(7), aesculetin(8), apigenin(9),(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-??-D-xylpyranosyloxy-2,7-menthiafolic acid(10), quercetin3-O-(6??-caffeoyl)-??-D-galactopyranoside(11), cycloart-23-ene-3??,25-diol(12), (1??S,6??R)-8??-hydroxyabscisic acid-??-D-glucoside(13), 3??,5-dihydroxy-3,6,4??-trimethoxyl-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside flavonoid(14), aurantiamide acetate(15), 5,6,3??,4??-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-flavone(16), ursolic acid(17), oleanolic acid(18), 4-O-11-methyl-oleoside-p-hydroxyphenyl-(6??-11-methyloleoside)-??-D-glucopyranoside(19), and 6-O-galloylarbutin(20). CONCLUSION Except for compounds 8 and 9, all the compounds were isolated from this plant material for the first time.