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??Chrysanthemum morifolium has a long history of culture and use in China. Due to different germplasm resources, producing areas, and processing methods, many cultivated varieties have formed now. The varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium are affected by economic interests and processing cost, which change gradually. On the basis of spot investigation and related literature study, the changes of the varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium were summarized in this paper. It will provide theoretical evidence for the culture, processing, quality evaluation, and clinical application of C. morifolium.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes in Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix(ABR, the dried root of Achyranthes bidentata Bl.) stored in simple and cool warehouses. METHODS ABR was stored in simple and cool warehouses for 27 months. The color was observed. The water content was determined based on the drying method. The contents of ??-ecdysone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were determined by HPLC method. The accumulation of temperature difference between the simple and cool warehouses was evaluated with a relative temperature cumulation (RTC) method. The monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes of ABR was analyzed with RTC. RESULTS As the extension of storage time, the ABR stored in the simple warehouse showed deeper color and harder texture, but the ABR stored in the cool warehouse still had soft texture without significant color change. The contents of ??-ecdysone in ABR stored in the two warehouses both gradually decreased and dropped to lower than the limit of 0.030% ruled by China Pharmacopoeia when being stored for up to 27 months. The contents of 5-HMF of ABR stored in the two warehouses both increased and were higher for the sample in the simple warehouse than that in the cool warehouse. CONCLUSION The concept of RTC is put forward and used to study the monthly dynamics of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine during storage for the first time. The physical and chemical indexes of ABR varies during storage. Two years of storage time of ABR is suggested.     

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??OBJECTIVE To validate the conventional gel filtration chromatography (GFC) method for determination of the polymer impurities in ??-lactam antibiotics and achieve combination of GFC and RP-HPLC system. METHODS The effectiveness of the conventional GFC method was identified by 2D-GFC??LC-TOFMS and the polymer impurities found by GFC were identified by RP-HPLC. RESULTS The polymer impurities found by GFC mainly were degradation impurities and open ??-lactam ring impurities, which could not effectively characterize the sensitizing polymer impurities in cefotiam hydrochloride. CONCLUSION An effective method to characterize the polymer impurities in ??-lactam antibiotics may be established on the basis of online column switching technique which effectively combines the advantages of GFC and the ability of RP-HPLC to identify the special impurities.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an oil bath method to determine the D values and Z value of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization. METHODS Spore suspension was sealed up in glass capillary, which was heated by thermostat oil bath. D value and Z value were determined by survivor curve method. RESULTS The D values of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC7953 spores suspension at 117, 121 and 125 ?? were 7.04, 2.18 and 0.65 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.75 ??. The D values of Clostridium sporogenes CMCC(B)64941 spores suspension at 95, 100 and 105 ?? were 11.36, 2.85 and 0.45 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.14 ??. CONCLUSION By simulating the sterilization of aqueous liquid with oil bath method, the D values and Z values of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization can be determined conveniently and accurately(r² is above 0.980 0). The oil bath method can be used for heat resistance research of biological indicators in spore suspension form for moist heat sterilization.     

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??OBJECTIVE To research population pharmacokinetics of biapenem in critical patients after repeated dosing. METHODS Blood samples were collected according to the different time points after intravenous administration of 300 mg for many times in the group of critical patients. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the drug concentration in plasma.And pharmacokinetic parameters was caculated. RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters for critical patients were as follows: ??_max was (6.66??2.93)mg??L^-1,T_maxwas (0.51??0.04) h,AUC_0-?? was (18.98??16.95) mg??h??L^-1,T_1/2 was (2.06??1.93) h,Cl was (20.9??17.4) L??h^-1,Vd was (46.43??3.5) L. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic parameters of biapenem in critical patients with a significant difference was found in healthy people. So need according to pharmacokinetic characteristics of patients to develop personalized anti-infection plan.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the whole herb of Liparis japonica. METHODS The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 columns. Their structures were identified by analysis of physical and spectroscopic data and confirmed by comparison of their spectral data with those in the literature. RESULTS Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified respectively as acortatarin A (1), 3??-hydroxy-5??,8??-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene (2), 13-epicupressic acid (3), 3??-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), gigantol (6), (2S)-3-O-octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-O-??-D-galactopyranoside (7), linolenic acid(8), hydroxydihydrobovolide(5-hydroxyl-3,4-dimethy-5-penty-12(5H)-furanone)(9), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (10), (+)-syringaresinol (11), ??-sitosterol (12), hircinol (13), nudol (14), moscatin (15), batatasin ?? (16), linoleic acid (17), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (18). CONCLUSION We obtained structurally unique spiroalkaloid with morphine structure from the genus Liparis. Compounds 2-11 are isolated for the first time from this genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from Periplaneta americana. METHODS The 95% enthanol extract was isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-PHPLC. All compounds were identified by chemical and spectral analyses. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified from Periplaneta americana. Their structures were elucidated as salicylic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), genistein (6), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), methyl N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycinate (8), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (9), (2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycine (10), uracil (11), cyclo(Val-Ala) (12), N-acetyldopamine (13), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (14), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 2, 4, 7-10, 12 and 14 are obtained from this genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To synthesize 5-substituted indole-3-deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives and study their antitumor activity. METHODS The target compounds were synthesized through a series of reactions and their anti-tumor activity in vitro were evaluated against Hela, K562 and K562/A02 cell lines by MTT as assay. RESULTS Ten target compounds were synthesized and confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. All the target compounds had different degrees of cytotoxic activity in vitro. Most of the compounds had significant anti-MDR activity in vitro. CONCLUSION 5-Substituted indole-3-deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives have good antitumor activity and worth of further study.     

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??OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of drug concentration and perfusion rate on the recoveries of self-made linear microdialysis probes for further ocular pharmacokinetic study. METHODS Brimonidine tartrate was selected as the model drug. The in vitro recovery was determined using positive dialysis and retrodialysis at different perfusion rates and drug concentrations. And the in vivo recovery was determined using retrodialysis method. RESULTS The microdialysis recoveries of brimonidine tartrate were inversely proportional to perfusion rate,while independent of drug concentration. The positive dialysis and retrodialysis recoveries in vitro were different at 1.0 ??L??min^-1, but no significant difference at 2.0 and 3.0 ??L??min^-1. The in vitro recoveries were greater than those in vivo. CONCLUSION The self-made microdialysis probe has stable recovery and can be used in ocular pharmacokinetic study of brimonidine tartrate.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect and underlying mechanisms. METHODS In PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2, after treatment with Grifola frondosa extract, MTT method, chemical method, JC-1 staining and Western Blot were applied to determine cell viability, caspase 3 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, and the phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3??. The anti-tumor activity of Grifola frondosa extract was further confirmed in PLC/PRL/5-xengrafted mice model. RESULTS Grifola frondosa extract significantly reduced cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3??, and enhanced LDH release, caspase 3 activity and the expression of Bax in both PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2 cells. 12-day Grifola frondosa extract treatment significantly inhibited the PLC/PRF/5-xenografted tumor growth without influence the body weight of mouse. CONCLUSION All these data indicate that Grifola frondosa extract-mediated anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects are related to its modulation of the activations of Akt/GSK3?? and mitochondrial pathway.     

布洛芬颗粒剂在大鼠体内的时间药动学研究

 目的研究布洛芬颗粒剂在大鼠体内药动学的昼夜节律特征。方法采用随机区组实验设计,将2组大鼠分别于9:00时和21:00时单次灌胃给予布洛芬颗粒剂50mg·kg^-1,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,绘制药-时曲线,计算药动学参数。结果布洛芬颗粒剂不同时间给药血药浓度经时变化均符合一级消除动力学特征,药-时曲线拟合均为二房室模型。大鼠在暗期对布洛芬颗粒剂吸收快,达峰时间短;代谢快,消除半衰期短;峰浓度明显低于明期。结论大鼠在不同时间给予布洛芬颗粒剂,药动学参数存在昼夜节律的差异。     

氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的Meta分析

目的系统评价氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普信息资源系统(从2011年1月至2012年12月),采用Review Manager 5.1.0软件对检索到的文献进行统计分析。结果共纳入10篇临床随机对照试验,合计1036例患者符合纳入标准。Meta分析结果显示,氨氯地平的总有效率高于硝苯地平,差异有统计学意义[OR=2.70,95%CI(1.79,4.06),P0.000 01];氨氯地平的不良反应发生率小于硝苯地平,差异有统计学意义[OR=0.37,95%CI(0.25,0.56),P0.000 01]。结论氨氯地平治疗高血压疗效与安全性明显优于硝苯地平。     

氯沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗清晨高血压的疗效观察

目的:氯沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗清晨高血压的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取60例清晨高血压的患者,随机分成两组,A组清晨口服氯沙坦50 mg,睡前口服氨氯地平5 mg;B组清晨口服氯沙坦50 mg。观察服药前及服药后8周清晨血压的变化,比较8周后两组清晨血压下降程度。结果:治疗后两组清晨收缩压、舒张压较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组降压幅度大于B组(P0.01)。结论:氯沙坦联合氨氯地平能有效控制清晨高血压。     

LC-ESI-MS/MS测定人血浆中氨氯地平的含量

 目的建立高灵敏度的LC-ESI-MS/MS测定人血浆中氨氯地平浓度的方法。方法血浆样品经氢氧化钠溶液碱化,乙醚液-液萃取后进行分析。色谱柱COSMOSIL C₁₈柱(2.0mm×150mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-水-甲酸(60∶40∶0.1),流速0.25mL·min^-1,通过电喷雾离子化四极串联质谱,以选择离子反应监测(SRM)扫描方式进行检测。用于定量分析的监测离子分别为m/z409→238(氨氯地平)和m/z237→194(内标,卡马西平)。结果回收率为86%～95%,线性范围为0.1～6μg·L^-1,定量下限为0.1μg·L^-1,检测限为0.01μg·L^-1,应用此法测定了20名健康受试者交叉口服5mg氨氯地平剂量的试验制剂和参比制剂后的血药浓度经时过程。结论该法具有更高的灵敏度,适用于测定口服低剂量药物后人血浆中氨氯地平的浓度。     

氨氯地平联用小檗碱治疗老年轻中度高血压合并痛风的临床疗效分析

目的 评价氨氯地平联用小檗碱治疗轻、中度老年高血压合并痛风患者的降压疗效.方法 选择轻、中度老年高血压患者26例,给予患者口服氨氯地平5mg,1次/d,小檗碱0.3g,3次/d,同时给予急性痛风患者,口服秋水仙碱0.5mg,慢性痛风患者,口服别嘌呤醇100mg.观察患者服药后舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等指标的变化.结果 26例患者治疗8周后,DBP及SBP分别从(104±5)和(166±8)mmHg下降至(83±3)和(131±7)mmHg;治疗前后差异有显著性(P<0.O5).治疗前后TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C等治疗差异亦有显著性(P<0.05).结论 氨氯地平联用小檗碱治疗轻、中度老年高血压合并痛风患者,在短期内可有效降低DBP与SBP,临床疗效显著,不良反应发生率低.     

五苓散联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗痰湿壅盛型高血压

目的:分析五苓散联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片对痰湿壅盛型高血压患者症状改善、血压变异性及生命质量的影响。方法:选取2017年2月至2019年7月中国中医科学院广安门医院南区收治的痰湿壅盛型高血压患者128例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组64例。对照组患者服用苯磺酸氨氯地平片,观察组在对照组基础上服用五苓散,疗程均为30 d。比较疗效、症状改善情况、血压变异性、生命质量。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组症状评分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗后观察组症状评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组血压变异性各项指标监测结果均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗后观察组血压变异性各项指标监测结果均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组生命质量各项指标评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗后观察组生命质量各项指标评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:五苓散联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片对痰湿壅盛型高血压患者临床症状、血压变异性及生命质量明显改善作用,可提高疗效。     

桃红四物汤联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗老年高血压血瘀证45例

目的观察桃红四物汤联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗老年高血压血瘀证的疗效。方法将45例老年高血压血瘀证患者随机分组,其中对照组23例单独使用苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗(每次2.5 mg,每天1次);治疗组22例联合使用桃红四物汤(熟地黄15 g,当归15 g,白芍10 g,川芎8 g,桃仁9 g,红花6 g)和苯磺酸氨氯地平片(和对照组相同)进行治疗,7天为一个疗程,连续治疗三个疗程。结果治疗组较对照组的疗效显著提升,未出现无效病例,治愈和显效例数显著增多,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合使用加减桃红四物汤和苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗老年高血压血瘀证患者,相比较于单独使用苯磺酸氨氯地平片疗效更佳,可更有效的将血压控制在正常值之内,进而降低脏器损害,避免并发症,可考虑酌情减少苯磺酸氨氯地平片的用料,值得在临床进行推广。     

替米沙坦和氨氯地平对高血压病患者自主神经活性的影响

目的：探讨高血压病（EH）患者自主神经活性的变化，并观察替米沙坦和氨氯地平对它们的影响。方法：99例高血压病患者随机分为替米沙坦组、氨氯地平组和安慰剂组，测定治疗前后的自主神经活性，并与健康对照组比较。结果：高血压患者存在自主神经调节异常，SDNN和HF明显降低，LF降低不明显，LF／HF比值明显增加；替米少坦治疗3月后迷走神经活性明提高（HFt，P〈0．05），交感张力明显降低（LF／HF↓，P〈0．05），氨氯地平和安慰剂治疗后交感和迷走神经张力无明显变化。结论：高血压病患者存在自主神经损害；主要是述走神经张力降低，交感神经张力占优势；替米沙坦可调节高血压病患者的自主神经失衡，抑制交感神经张力，提高迷走神经张力，而钙离子拮抗剂对自主神经活性影响不大。     

氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦不同给药时间的降压效果观察

目的:观察氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦不同给药时间对原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律的影响。方法:将198例原发性高血压患者随机分为两组,每组各99例。A组日间服用厄贝沙坦150mg,氨氯地平片5mg;B组日间服用厄贝沙坦150mg,夜间服用氨氯地平片5mg,两组用药周期均为4周。用药前及用药后分别进行24h动态血压监测,观察两组患者治疗前后血压昼夜节律情况。结果:B组降压效果优于A组,其24h SBP、24hDBP、24h SBPV、24h DBPV等指标值改善情况与治疗前及治疗后A组同期比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:日、夜分服氨氯地平与厄贝沙坦的给药方案,可更有效、平稳降低高血压患者的血压。     

血脂康胶囊对氨氯地平降血压作用的影响

目的研究血脂康胶囊长期使用对氨氯地平降血压效果的影响。方法将60例经氨氯地平降血压治疗后达到轻度高血压标准的高血压患者随机分为2组各30例,对照组按原剂量使用氨氯地平,血脂康组在对照组治疗基础上加用血脂康胶囊2粒口服,3次/d,连用24周;比较2组治疗前与治疗24周的动态血压变化。结果与治疗前比较,血脂康组治疗24周其中24h平均收缩压与舒张压(24hSBP2、4hDBP)、白昼平均收缩压与舒张压(dSBP、dDBP)、夜间平均收缩压与舒张压(nSBP、nDBP)均降低,24h平均脉压(24hPP)缩小(P<0.01),且上述各指标改善情况显著优于对照组。结论长期使用血脂康可显著增强氨氯地平降血压效果。