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??OBJECTIVE To study evodiamine complex nanoemulsion oil-in-water (EPBCN) in vitro and in vivo evaluation, about release in vitro and pharmacokinetics. METHODS Release in pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid and pH 6.8 PBS solutions and oral bioavailability in rats of EPBCN would be studied. The bioequivalence between evodiamine (ED) and EPBCN was judged. RESULTS In vitro release of EPBCN was about 2.61 times higher than that of ED. The oral bioavailability of EPBCN was 7.35 folds than that of ED. 90% confidence interval of area under concentration-time curve (AUC_{0-72 h}) and peak concentration (??_max) exceeded the standard range. CONCLUSION EPBCN can remarkably increase the release in vitro and oral bioavailability in rats, and they do not have bioequivalence.     

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??OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of drug concentration and perfusion rate on the recoveries of self-made linear microdialysis probes for further ocular pharmacokinetic study. METHODS Brimonidine tartrate was selected as the model drug. The in vitro recovery was determined using positive dialysis and retrodialysis at different perfusion rates and drug concentrations. And the in vivo recovery was determined using retrodialysis method. RESULTS The microdialysis recoveries of brimonidine tartrate were inversely proportional to perfusion rate,while independent of drug concentration. The positive dialysis and retrodialysis recoveries in vitro were different at 1.0 ??L??min^-1, but no significant difference at 2.0 and 3.0 ??L??min^-1. The in vitro recoveries were greater than those in vivo. CONCLUSION The self-made microdialysis probe has stable recovery and can be used in ocular pharmacokinetic study of brimonidine tartrate.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigage the effects of celastrol-triggered HeLa cells autophagy and the molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The antiproliferative effect of celastrol was detected using MTT assay. Apoptotic rate and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis. Autophagy was detected using fluorescence microscope. Protein expression was evaluated using Western blotting. Tumor growth was evaluated by subcutaneous xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS Celastrol inhibited HeLa cells proliferation and induced HeLa cells autophagy and cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase, but not induced HeLa cell apoptosis in vitro. The protein expression of Beclin 1 was up-regulated and the conversion from LC3 ?? to LC3 ?? was increase in HeLa cells in vitro after treatment with celastrol. Moreover, celastrol promoted the protein expression of PTEN??p-ERK1/2??p-MEK1/2 and inhibited the phosphorylated of Akt, p70S6K and mTOR in HeLa cells. After pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (5 mmol??L^-1), the antiproliferative and induced-autophagy effects of celastrol were reversed. Furthermore, celastrol inhibited tumor growth and the protein expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR, but up-regulated the protein expression of LC3 ?? and Beclin 1 in vivo. CONCLUSION Antitumor effect of celastrol dependent on cells autophagy in HeLa cells via inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare and characterize sinomenine liquid crystal gel, study the rheological properties and in vitro transdermal properties and compare with sinomenine ointment and sinomenine hydrophilic gel. METHODS Sinomenine liquid crystal gel was prepared by using phytanetriol-water system and then characterized by polarized light microscope(PLM)and small angle X-ray diffraction(SAXS). Using DHR-2 rheometer,the rheological properties of sinomenine liquid crystal gel were investigated and compared with those of sinomenine ointment and sinomenine hydrophilic gel. Modified Franz diffusion cell was used for in vitro transdermal experiment and the in vitro transdermal properties were compared with sinomenine hydrogels and ointments. RESULTS The appearance of sinomenine liquid crystal gel was colorless, clear and transparent, and showed dark field under PLM. SAXS showed cubic phase. The rheological parameters were good. The steady-state infiltration rates of sinomenine liquid crystal gel, ointment and hydrophilic gel were 153.93, 119.99, and 106.89 ??g??cm^-2??h^-1,and their 48 h cumulative permeation amounts(%)were 93.76%,91.55%, and 87.60%, respectively. CONCLUSION PLM and SAXS can be used to characterize the liquid crystal gel.The prepared sinomenine liquid crystal gel has good appearance and suitable rheology, and its infiltration rate and 48 h cumulative permeation amount are superior to those of ointment and hydrophilic gel, which provides theoretical reference for sinomenine percutaneous administration.     

国产非那雄胺片与原研制剂体外溶出一致性评价及采用计算机模拟技术建立体内外相关性模型研究

目的 通过比较国产非那雄胺片与原研制剂的体外溶出行为,评价仿制药与参比制剂的质量一致性,利用计算机模拟技术分析体内外相关性。方法 参照《中国药典》2015年版方法(2020年版《中国药典》该项目没有变化),分别考察国产制剂与原研制剂在4种不同溶出介质(pH 1.2盐酸溶液、pH 4.5醋酸盐溶液、pH 6.8磷酸盐溶液、水)中的体外溶出行为。同时借助GastroPlus^TM软件结合体外溶出试验结果,建立非那雄胺片体内外相关性模型。结果 在选定条件下,国内15家制药公司中有3家公司产品在4种溶出介质中的溶出曲线均与原研制剂相似。软件分析结果提示,体外溶出曲线与软件模拟的体内行为不相似。结论 大部分非那雄胺片仿制制剂在体外的溶出曲线与原研制剂存在一定的差异,国产非那雄胺片工艺水平及处方有待提高,反映体内释放行为的生物体相关溶出条件有待进一步研究。     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare ion-sensitive ophthalmic in situ gel containing bendazac lysine (BDZL-ISG) and preliminarily study its rheological behavior, in vitro drug release, corneal permeation, and pharmacokinetics in rabbit aqueous humor. METHODS Single factor investigation was carried out to optimize the formulation, taking viscosity and gelling capacity as evaluation indices. Using aqueous solution or eye drops as control, the in vitro release of the formulation was evaluated by dialysis membrane method. Then, the corneal permeation experiment of the optimum formulation was carried out with Franz diffusion cell. The pharmacokinetics of BDZL-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was preliminarily studied by microdialysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the optimum formulation had shear thinning behavior and significant sustained release effect. There was no significant difference in the corneal permeation between the two groups. The RESULTS of pharmacokinetic study showed that ??_max (13.25 ??g??L^-1) and AUC_0-t of BZDL-ISG were 2.38 and 2.2 times higher than those of BDZL eye drops respectively, which suggested that the ocular bioavailability of BDZL was greatly enhanced by the optimum in situ gel formulation. CONCLUSION With significant sustained release effect, the ion-sensitive ophthalmic in situ gel will become a promising alterative formulation for bendazac lysine for treatment of cataracts.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the in-vitro release behavior of venetoclax preparations, the pharmacokinetic processes and the correlations between in-vitro release and in-vivo absorption of venetoclax in Beagle dogs. METHODS The dissolution curves of venetoclax preparations in different dissolution media were studied. HPLC method was established for the determination of venetoclax in Beagle dogs, and the pharmacokinetics were studied for commercial venetoclax tablets in Beagle dogs under fed and fasted states.The IVIVC study was carried out by linear regression of cumulative in-vitro drug release and in-vivo absorption accumulation percentage data. RESULTS The in-vitro release behavior among venetoclax formulation in 4 dissolution media were significant difference. The simple, accurate and rapid analysis method for venetoclax blood samples was established. The fed group and the fasted group AUC_0???? were (32.38??5.87) and (27.70??6.32) mg??h??L^-1, the concentration of peak were (4.04??0.78) and (3.72 ??0.69) ??g??mL^-1, the peak time were (6.01??1.04) and (4.27??0.92) h, respectively, and there was obvious difference (P<0.05) in AUC_0???? and the peak time between two group. Percentage of in-vivo absorption was in good agreement with in-vitro release in pH 6.8 0.2%SDS media. CONCLUSION The study shows that food could improve the bioavailability of venetoclax formulation; 0.2%SDS pH 6.8 media (paddle, 75 r??min^-1) is the in-vivo release of venetoclax associated with the in-vitro release condition.