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??OBJECTIVE ??-Conotoxin LtIA (??-CTX LtIA, LtIA) is a specific inhibitor of ??3??2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) from Conus litteratus, a marine snail native to Hainan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of ??-CTX LtIA. METHODS The analgesic effect of ??-CTX LtIA on pain models was evaluated using mice hot-plate and tail-flick models by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection. RESULTS In tail-flick test, the maximum analgesia percentage (PMAP) was 37.74% at 15 min after LtIA administration by icv injection with dose of 0.2 nmol per mouse. While in hot-plate test, PMAP was 48.81% at 60 min after LtIA administration by icv injection with same dose of 0.2 nmol per mouse. ??-CTX LtIA showed good analgesic activity in two pain models. CONCLUSION ??-CTX LtIA exhibits good analgesic activity by specific interaction with ??3??2 nAChRs subtype. These RESULTS have great significance for the research and development of LtIA painkiller in the future.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects metabolic mechanism of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide (SCP) on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS CFS rat model was established in a variety of ways such as the bondage, excessive exercise, crowded and noise environment. The Morris water maze test, the open-field test and the tail-suspension test were performed to evaluate the CFS model. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was conducted to screen the different metabolites in rat urine and analyze the metabolic pathway. RESULTS The body weight of rats were increased and their space exploration and memory ability were strengthened after SCP supplement. The eleven diversity urine metabolites were detected and the involved metabolic pathways were the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the alanine, aspartic and glutamic acid metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION SCP could relieve the chronic fatigue syndrome. The metabolic mechanism is relative to the improvement of SCP on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the alanine, aspartic and glutamic acid metabolic pathways.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the flavonoid glycosides of Urena lobata. METHODS Compounds were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies such as D101 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and prep HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic experiments, including HRESIMS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HSQC, and HMBC. RESULTS Ten flavonoid glycosides were obtained from the n-BuOH extract of U. lobata including quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside(1), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(2), quercetin-3-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(3), kaempferol-4'-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(4), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(5), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(6), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(7), kaempferol-3-O-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(8), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-[??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??6)]-??-D-glucopyranoside(9) and kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-3 and 6-10 are firstly obtained from U. lobata.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish the quality evaluation method of the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa L.f. based on their anti-inflammation activity. METHODS Twenty batches of samples from different producing areas were analyzed by HPLC on a Shimadzu Capcell Pak C₁₈ column(4.6 mm??250 mm,5 ??m)gradiently eluted with mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous at a flow rate of 1.0 mL??min^-1. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ??. The chromatograms were analyzed by the software ??Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCMs (Version 2012.1)?? and the common peaks were obtained. The anti-inflammatory effects of the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa L.f. were assessed by murine model of xylene-induced ear edema. Spectrum-effect relationship was analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis using SPSS21.0. RESULTS Seventeen common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints of 20 batches of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa L.f. The anti-inflammatory effect of samples from Guangdong was better than those from Guangxi and Fujian (P<0.01). According to the result of spectrum-effect relationship analysis, six common peaks were closely related to the anti-inflammatory effects of the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa L.f. (P<0.05). Cluster analysis was then carried out based on the six common peaks in order to divide the samples into different groups. CONCLUSION The quality evaluation method established in this research is successfully employed in the quality evaluation of the aerial root of Ficus microcarpa L.f..     

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??To introduce peptidoglycan recycling and the ??-lactams resistance mechanisms of bacteria, so that some help would be supplied to corresponding scientific workers and university teachers. By searching literatures, combined with our own studies, the bactericidal mechanisms of ??-lactams and the resistance mechanisms of bacteria to ??-lactams were summarized. The bactericidal activity of ??-lactams is resulted from the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis through combination with penicillin binding proteins such as transpeptidase destruction of peptidoglycan balances between biosynthesis and hydrolysis. The drug resistance of bacteria is resulted from the induction of ??-lactamase, expression of out-pumping proteins, increase of outmembrane permeability, and modification of antibiotic target proteins. The proteins related to peptidoglycan recycling, such as transpeptidase and glycosyltransferase, would be potential targets for screening new ??-lactams. The proteins related to ??-lactams resistance, such as ??-lactamase, would be potential targets for screening adjuvant drugs of ??-lactams.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint of volatile oil constituents from Amomum villousm and its related species so as to set up the identification protocol of the medicinal plant and provide scientific information for its quality control.METHODS TLC was used to analyze comparatively 10 batches of Amomum villosum Lour.samples, 10 batches of Amomum villousm crude drugs collected from different producing areas and stored for different time, 10 batches of the fruits of counterfeit species and 10 kinds of related species in the Zingiberaceae family.The samples were separated on silica gel G precoated plates with a mixture of cyclohexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate (13:2:2) as developing solvent system. The relative humidity was 67%. The spots were visualized with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, then were analyzed by utilizing CHROMAP 1.5 solution software.RESULTS The fingerprint of volatile oil of Amomum villosum , with 9 specific bands examined under natural light, was set up. The quality of Amomum villosum stored for different time or collected from different areas was distinctly variable.Obvious difference existed in the chemical composition of the volatile oils between Amomum villosum and its counterfeit and other related species. CONCLUSION The HPTLC fingerprint analysis method can be used for rapid identification and quality control of Amomum villosum .     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC methods for the determination of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and lupeol in Caragana sinica roots, and investigate the ??-glucosidase activity of the four compounds in vitro. METHODS An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm??250 mm, 5 ??m) was applied with methanol-water-phosphoric acid (85:15:0.1) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL??min^-1 to separate betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid. An Inert Sustain C₁₈ column (4.6 mm??150 mm,5 ??m) was applied with acetonitrile-water (70:30) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL??min^-1 to separate lupeol. RESULTS Good linearities were achieved for betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and lupeol within the range of 0.56-5.58, 0.42-4.20, 0.19-1.92, and 6.10-61.00 ??g, respectively. The average recoveries were 99.79%, 98.51%, 98.05%, and 99.47%, and the RSDs were 1.53%,1.74%,1.78%, and 1.94%, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed methods are accurate and can be used for the quality control of Caragana sinica. In addition to betulinic acid, the other three compounds show good ??-glucosidase inhibitory activity and are expected to be developed as new hypoglycemic drugs.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified from the 75% ethanol extract by chromatography on HPD100 macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 as well as semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. RESULTS Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as corchionoside C (1), ??-ecdysterone (2), coronatasterone (3), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-galactopyranoside (4), astragalin (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(l??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside(7), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(l??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(l??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside (9), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-galactopyranosyl-(l??6)-??-D-glucopyranoside (10), and isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-gentiobioside (11). CONCLUSION Compounds 1 and 3-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1, 3-5 and 8-10 are isolated from Paris plants for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate antagonistic activities of three isomers of ??-conotoxin TxIB on rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). METHODS Three disulfide bond isomers were synthesized using Fmoc chemistry, which were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nAChRs were expressed in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, which were used to test the antagonistic abilities of the 3 isomers. RESULTS The three isomers of ??-conotoxin TxIB were synthesized successfully.The retention time of each isomer of ??-conotoxin TxIB was different each other significantly. The observed molecular masses of three isomers were the same, which were consistent with their theoretical molecular mass.Their hydrophilicity orders were globular > ribbon> bead. Both rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nAChRs were expressed in oocytes well. Inhibition of three isomers of ??-conotoxin TxIB on rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nAChRs were evaluated respectively. Among the three isomers of TxIB, the activity of the globular isomer was the most potent one, which had almost same activity at rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nAChRs with corresponding IC₅₀ of 28.2 and 32.0 nmol??L^-1respectively. However, the other two isomers, ribbon and bead isomers displayed little antagonistic effect on both rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nAChRs only with an IC₅₀ of ??10 ??mol??L^-1. CONCLUSION The synthesized globular isomer of ??-conotoxin TxIB in this work has a high selectivity and potent antagonistic activity on rat and human ??6/??3??2??3 nAChRs, which would be helpful for its new drug development.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-depressant effect of schisandrin A in rats with depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)as well as the relevant mechanism. METHODS The depression-like rat model using CUMS was established. Rats were randomly divided into control, CUMS model, CUMS+fluoxetine (10 mg??kg^-1)and CUMS + schisandrin A (25, 50, 100 mg??kg^-1)groups. Drugs or vehicle were administrated after stress procedures for 21 d. Open-field test (OFT), sucrose preference tests (SPT)and forced swim test (FST)were used to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of schisandrin A. The reactive oxygen species (ROS)and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) level as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)activities in hippocampus were determined by ELISA methods. IL-1??, TNF-??, and IL-10 expression were measured by real time qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Behavioral test indicated that crossing score and rearing score in OFT and sucrose preference index in SPT of model group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01), while immobility time in FST was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with those in control group, the ROS and PGE₂ level increased significantly (P<0.01), SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly (P< 0.01),the mRNA and protein level of IL-1??, TNF-??, and IL-10 were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01)in rats of CUMS. CONCLUSION Schisandrin A and fluoxetine could ameliorate those changes induced by CUMS. Schisandrin A could improve the depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUMS, of which the mechanism might involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents in the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. METHODS The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS Twenty compounds were obtained, and their structures were identified as luteolin (1), apigenin (2), acacetin (3), diosmetin (4), acacetin 7-O-??-D-glucoside (5), acacetin 7-O-??-D-glucoside (6), acacetin7-O-(6??-O-acetyl)-??-D-glucoside (7), eriodictyol (8), naringenin (9), artemetin (10), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3??,4??-tetramethoxyflavone (11), 5,7-dihydroxy-3??,4??-dimethoxyflavone (12), 4??-methoxyctricin (13), 3??,5??-dimethoxy-4??,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (14), 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7,3??,4??-tetramethoxyflavone (15), luteolin 7-O-??-D-glucuronide methyle ester (16), dihydroquercetin-7-??-D-glucoside (17), quercetin 3-O-??-D-glucoside(18), quercetin 3-O-??-D-glucoside (19), and acacetin 7-O-??-(6??-(E)-crotonylglucopyranoside) (20). CONCLUSION Compounds 9-20 were isolated for the first time from this plant.     

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??OBJECTIVE To isolate the chemical constituents from Caulophyllum robustum and confirm their chemical structures. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated by MCI gel, repeated silica gel chromatography, preparative liquid chromatography.and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS etc. RESULTS The structures of compounds 1-10 were identified as echinocystic acid (1), oleanolic acid-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-L-arabinopyranoside (2), hederagenin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??3)-??-L-arabinopyranoside (3), hederagenin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2) [??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??3)]-??-L-arabinopyranoside (4), 3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-L-arabinopyranosyl echinocystic acid-28-O-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??4)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), 3-O-??-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin-28-O-(4-O-acetyl)-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??4)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6), (6R, 7E, 9R)-9-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-??-D-glucoside (7), (9R)-9-hydroxy-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-??-D-glucoside (8), maltose (9), and sucrose (10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-10 are firstly isolated from the genus Caulophyllum except 5.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract from the aerial part of Sibiraea angustata. METHODS The constituents were isolated by various chromatographic techniques(HP-20 macroporous absorption resin, Sephadex LH-20 gel, Reverse-phase silical gel and PHPLC) and their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical properties and their spectroscopic data, as well as the literatures. RESULTS Twelve compounds were separated and identified as veratric acid(1),(+)-cycloolivil(2), 3,7-dimethyl-3(E)-6-octadien-5-one-1-O-??-D-glucoside(3), 3,7-dimethyl-3(Z)-6-octadien-5-one-1-O-??-D-glucoside(4), 1-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-3,7-dimethyl-2(E)-6-heptdiene(5),(7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(6),(+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-??-D-glucoside(7), skimmin(8), kaempferol 3-O-??-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-galactopyranoside(9), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-galactopyranosyl(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranoside(10), isorhamnetin 3-O-??-arabinopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-galactopyranoside(11), and quercetin 3-O-[2''-O-(E)-caffeoyl]-??-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-galactopyranoside(12). CONCLUSION All compounds are obtained from the genus of Sibiraea for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems of Lythrum salicaria L..METHODS The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical characteristics. RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extracts and identified as betulinic acid(1), 2??,3??,24-trihydroxy-12(13)-en-urs-28-oic acid(2), 6-O-(E)- sinapoylpoligalitol(3), feruloyl-6??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(4), 7-oxo-??-sitosterol(5), en-tisolariciresinol(6), muramine(7), aesculetin(8), apigenin(9),(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-??-D-xylpyranosyloxy-2,7-menthiafolic acid(10), quercetin3-O-(6??-caffeoyl)-??-D-galactopyranoside(11), cycloart-23-ene-3??,25-diol(12), (1??S,6??R)-8??-hydroxyabscisic acid-??-D-glucoside(13), 3??,5-dihydroxy-3,6,4??-trimethoxyl-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside flavonoid(14), aurantiamide acetate(15), 5,6,3??,4??-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-flavone(16), ursolic acid(17), oleanolic acid(18), 4-O-11-methyl-oleoside-p-hydroxyphenyl-(6??-11-methyloleoside)-??-D-glucopyranoside(19), and 6-O-galloylarbutin(20). CONCLUSION Except for compounds 8 and 9, all the compounds were isolated from this plant material for the first time.
     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the chloroform extract from the aerial parts of Artemisa sacrorum. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatography and preparation HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis methods. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were obtained and identified as 5-hydroxyl-7,4??-dimethoxyflavone(1), 4-hydroxylacetophenone(2), 5,4??-dihydroxyl-7,3??-dimethoxyflavone(3), 5,7-dihydroxyl-6,4??-dimethoxyflavone(4), 5,7-dihydroxyl-4??-methoxyflavone(5), 5,4??-dihydroxyl-7-methoxyflavone(6), caffeic acid(7), 8-hydroxyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin(8), 3,4-dihydroxylbenzoic acid(9), acetophenone-4-O-??-D-glucoside(10), 6-methoxycoumarin-7-O-??-D-glucoside(11), 6,8-dimethoxycoumarin-7-O-??-D-glucoside(12), and 2-hydroxyl-6-methoxyacetophenone-4-O-??-D-glucoside(13). CONCLUSION Compounds 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 12 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Yao medicine, Zhongliuteng, the stems of Pileostegia tomentella. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography repeatedly, and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and chemical METHODS. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated from the stems of P. tomentella and the structures were identified as 1-O-(??-D-glucosyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(??-hydroxypropyl) phenoxy]propan-3-ol(1),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (2),syringin (3),coniferin (4),dihydroconiferin (5),but-3-enyl-??-D-glucoside (6),4-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxy phenyl ??-D-glucopyranoside (7),nikoenoside (8),protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (9),8-methoxy coumarin-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (10),6-O-R-L-rhamnopyranosyl-??-D-glucopyranoside methyl salicylate (11), nicotinamide (12), and 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinicacid methyl ester (13). CONCLUSION All compounds were obtained from the genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Inula cappa. METHODS Chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. RESULTS Seventeen compounds were obtained and identified as friedelin(1), epifriedelanol(2), ??-amyrin(3), ??-amyrin(4), benzyl 2-O-??-D-glucopyranosy-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate(5), scopoletin(6), luteolin-7-O-??-D-glucuronide ethyl ester(7), benzyl alcohol glucoside(8), ophiopogonoside A(9), apigenin-7-O-??-D-glucoside(10), luteolin-7-O-??-D-rutinoside(11), hydnocarpin-D(12), luteolin(13), luteolin-7-O-??-D-glucoside(14), luteolin-4??-O-??-D-glucoside(15), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucoside(16), and juglans cerebroside A(17). CONCLUSION Compounds 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 17 are for the first time obtained from the genus Inula and compounds 8, 10, 14, and 16 are isolated from Inula cappa for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the rhizome of Saururus chinensis. METHODS The chemical constituents from the rhizome of Saururus chinensis were extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction and isolated by various chromatographic methods, such as silica gel, MCI and pre-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as aurantiamide acetate (1), echinuline (2), (-)-(7R,8R)-7-O-acetylpolysphorin (3), elemicin (4), isoelemicin (5), 1,4-bis(3,4-dimethyoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanedione (6), saucerneol D (7), (2R)-3-(3??,4??,5??-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol (8), grandisin (9), rel-(7R,8R,7??R,8??R)-3??,4??-methylenedioxy-3,4,5,5??-tetramethoxy-7,7-epoxylignan(10), zanthopyranone (11), (??)-eritro-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxy)-1,2-propanodiol (12), threo-3,4,5-trimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1??-allyl-3??,5??-dimethoxy-8.O.4??-neolignan (13), (+)-(8R)-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-propenylphenoxy)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (14), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid(15), (-)-galbacin (16), and (-)-(7R,8R)-7-O-acetylraphidecursinol B (17). CONCLUSION Compound 6 is a new natural compound. Compounds 1-2, 4-6, 8-9 and 11-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Citrus aurantium L. METHODS Chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. RESULTS Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as pyrrolezanthine-6-methyl ether (1), methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (2), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (3), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (4), methyl 3-(4-acetoxyphenyl)propanoate (5), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), scopoletin (7), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (8), hesperidin (9), naringin (10), gossypetin-8,3'-dimethylether-3-O-??-D-galactoside (11), 2-homoeriodictyol-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (12), 6-demethoxytangeretin (13), naringenin (14), 5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone (tangeretin) (15), and 5-O-desmethylnobiletin (16). CONCLUSION Compounds 1??2??4??8??11-13 are for the first time obtained from Citrus.     

百两金根的化学成分研究

目的 百两金为传统苗药,其化学成分的有关研究报道较少,本研究目的在于研究百两金的化学成分。方法 将百两金干燥根体积分数70%乙醇提取物利用硅胶、重结晶、ODS及制备/半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据对所得化合物结构进行鉴定。结果 从百两金根中得到了20个化合物。分别为岩白菜素 (1)、甲基岩白菜素 (2)、11-O-没食子酰岩白菜素 (3)、 syringin (4)、(+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5)、(-)-(7R,8S,7′R,8′S)-4,9,4′,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-7,7′-epoxylignan-9-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (6)、saracoside (7)、isolariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8)、(7S,8R)-urolignoside (9)、staphylionoside D (10)、蚱蜢酮 (11)、l-borneol 6-O-β-D-aiosyl-β-D-glucoside (12)、(+)-angelicoidenol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13)、牡荆素-2″-O-鼠李糖苷 (14)、根皮苷 (15)、phenethyl alcohol β-D-(2′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)glucopyranoside (16)、phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (17)、菖蒲碱C (18)、己内酰胺 (19)、蔗糖 (20)。结论 其中化合物5~19为首次从紫金牛科植物中分离得到,化合物4为首次从紫金牛属植物中分离得到,化合物2和3为首次从该植物中分离得到。其中化合物6是自国内学者2013年从岭南杜鹃分离得到以来第二次被分离得到。