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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens and establish a method for simultaneous determination of seven compounds. METHODS The compounds were isolated by chromatography on silica gel and ODS column and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The samples were analyzed on a Dikma C₁₈ column (4.6 mm??250 mm,5 ??m); gradient elution was performed using mobile phase composed of methanol (A)and water (B); the detection was carried out using a photodiode array detector at 280 nm. RESULTS Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as kuratidine (1), sophoraflavanone G (2), kurarinone (3), isoanhydroicaritin (4), isoxanthohumol (5), formononetin (6), and trifolirhizin (7). The calibration curve was linear within 8.70-87.00, 44.25-442.50, 128.10-1 281.00, 9.40-94.00, 48.40-484.00, 14.20-142.00, and 25.70-257.00 ??g??mL^-1 for kuraridine, sophoraflavanone G, kurarinone, isoanhydroicaritin, isoxanthohumol, formononetin, and trifolirhizin, respectively (r>0.999 0), and the extraction recoveries varied from 95% to 105%. CONCLUSION The main chemical components contributing to antibacterial activity of total flavonoids may be sophoraflavanone G, kurarinone, and isoxanthohumol. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and can be used simultaneously to determine the contents of the seven active ingredients.     

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??OBJECTIVE To determine simultaneously seven ingredients(syringin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, anhydrosafflor yellow B, cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid)content in Sanchen Pills by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS). METHODS With hydroxy-safflor yellow A as the indexes,calculated the relative correction factor(RCFs) between other 6 components, and which was used to calculate the content of each component, at the same time the contents of the 6 components were determined by the external standard method, and to compare the two METHODS of the calculation results, to verify the feasibility and accuracy of QAMs method. RESULTS No significant difference between the quantitative RESULTS by QAMS and external standard method was observed in 10 samples of Sanchen Pill. CONCLUSION QAMS can be used as a simple and accurate quantitative quality evaluation method for the determination of a variety of ingredients in Sanchen Pills, which provides a new reference for the quality control of Sanchen pill.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish a micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detection (MEKC-DAD) method for simultaneous determination of seven components including stilbene glucoside, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, physcion, and catechin in Polygoni Multiflori Radix. of different origins and commercial herbs. METHODS Based on the mode of MEKC, an uncoated fused silica capillary (75 ??m ?? 64.5 cm, 56 cm of effective length ) was adopted, and 25 mmol??L^-1 borax-30 mmol??L^-1 SDS-10% acetonitrile (pH 9.60) was selected for the running buffer. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The separation voltage was 25 kV and the column temperature was maintained at 24 ??. The sample was injected at 5 kPa for 5 s. RESULTS The calibration curves of the seven components in Polygoni Multiflori Radix showed good linearity (r??0.999 4). The average recoveries of the method were between 99.164%-101.504%. CONCLUSION The established method is reliable and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.
     

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??Chrysanthemum morifolium has a long history of culture and use in China. Due to different germplasm resources, producing areas, and processing methods, many cultivated varieties have formed now. The varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium are affected by economic interests and processing cost, which change gradually. On the basis of spot investigation and related literature study, the changes of the varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium were summarized in this paper. It will provide theoretical evidence for the culture, processing, quality evaluation, and clinical application of C. morifolium.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes in Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix(ABR, the dried root of Achyranthes bidentata Bl.) stored in simple and cool warehouses. METHODS ABR was stored in simple and cool warehouses for 27 months. The color was observed. The water content was determined based on the drying method. The contents of ??-ecdysone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were determined by HPLC method. The accumulation of temperature difference between the simple and cool warehouses was evaluated with a relative temperature cumulation (RTC) method. The monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes of ABR was analyzed with RTC. RESULTS As the extension of storage time, the ABR stored in the simple warehouse showed deeper color and harder texture, but the ABR stored in the cool warehouse still had soft texture without significant color change. The contents of ??-ecdysone in ABR stored in the two warehouses both gradually decreased and dropped to lower than the limit of 0.030% ruled by China Pharmacopoeia when being stored for up to 27 months. The contents of 5-HMF of ABR stored in the two warehouses both increased and were higher for the sample in the simple warehouse than that in the cool warehouse. CONCLUSION The concept of RTC is put forward and used to study the monthly dynamics of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine during storage for the first time. The physical and chemical indexes of ABR varies during storage. Two years of storage time of ABR is suggested.     

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??OBJECTIVE To validate the conventional gel filtration chromatography (GFC) method for determination of the polymer impurities in ??-lactam antibiotics and achieve combination of GFC and RP-HPLC system. METHODS The effectiveness of the conventional GFC method was identified by 2D-GFC??LC-TOFMS and the polymer impurities found by GFC were identified by RP-HPLC. RESULTS The polymer impurities found by GFC mainly were degradation impurities and open ??-lactam ring impurities, which could not effectively characterize the sensitizing polymer impurities in cefotiam hydrochloride. CONCLUSION An effective method to characterize the polymer impurities in ??-lactam antibiotics may be established on the basis of online column switching technique which effectively combines the advantages of GFC and the ability of RP-HPLC to identify the special impurities.     

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??OBJECTIVE To design specific PCR primers and establish the PCR identification method of Ophiopogon japonicas from Sichuan.METHODS The gene footprint of Ophiopogon japonicas from Sichuan named CM503 was screened from random amplified polymorphic DNAC(RAPD) amplification. Reclaimed CM503 gene was inserted into T-vector to be cloned and sequenced. One pair of specific primers CM1/CM2 were designed according to the CM503 sequence and applied in specific PCR using the genomic DNA of Ophiopogon japonicas from Sichuan as template.RESULTS A specific band around 297 bp was detected in Ophiopogon japonicus from Sichuan at 68 ??, while nothing appeared for the other varieties.CONCLUSION The method is convenient, reproducible, and precise, with broad application prospects.     

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??OBJECTIVE To construct a reasonable licensed pharmacist qualifications access echanism.METHODS In this paper,qualification of licensed pharmacists was analyzed by literature research and questionnaires.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Based on the CAS theorythe functions of the eight adaptive subjects involved in the qualification of the licensed pharmacists were divided.8 major subjects include the following functionsChina Food and Drug Administrationmacro -control access environment;Ministry of Educationcertificate Universities of Pharmacy hardware and software;Ministry of Civil Affairsdefine the authority of the Association moderate;Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security examine the qualifications for examination;Associationimplement specific access procedures;Universities of Pharmacyassessment of academic and pracrical ability;Employer joint universities practice assessment;Medicine studentsserved by other subjects.And finally establish a flow chart of China??s access mechanism to form a set of complex adaptability of the practice of pharmacists access mechanism.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate apoptosis induction ability of hPP10-Apoptin fusion protein to mouse B16 melanoma cell. METHODS pET15b-hPP10-Apoptin expression plasmid was constructed, and E. coli BL21 (DE3) was transformed with the plasmid, then the yielded hPP10-Apoptin fusion protein was purified by Ni-NTA His-Bind Resin and confirmed by Western blotting assay. Melanoma cell apoptosis induced by hPP10-Apoptin fusion protein was analyzed by TUNEL assay, and the antitumor effect was examined in melanoma cell-bear mouse model. RESULTS hPP10-Apoptin fusion protein was highly expressed in BL21 cells, Western blotting analysis result showed that fusion protein was expressed correctly. The fusion protein can induce melanoma cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION The results confirm that hPP10-Apoptin fusion protein could penetrate into melanoma cell and also has antitumor effect.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare doxorubicin-loased heparinized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSNs-HP) and investigate their drug release profile and anticancer activity in vitro. METHODS Amino-modified MMSNs was synthesized by combining phase transfer method with sol-gel method firstly. Then heparin was conjugated with the above nanoparticles via carbodiimide chemistry to form MMSNs-HP. Finally, the following experiments were performed, such as loading/release of doxorubicin into/from MMSNs-HP in vitro, cellular uptake of MMSNs-HP by hepatoma cell HepG2 and cell cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded MMSNs-HP. RESULTS MMSNs-HP was able to delay the release of doxorubicin significantly, penetrate into tumor cells, kill HepG2 cell, and inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells induced by basic fibroblast HepG2 cells (bFGF). CONCLUSION MMSNs-HP is a potential drug carrier for the delivery of antitumor drugs.     

藏药镰形棘豆黄酮类成分的抗炎、抗氧化及细胞毒性研究（英文）

目的：研究藏药镰形棘豆黄酮类成分的抗炎及抗氧化活性。方法：采用体外总抗氧化活性、DPPH和超氧自由基清除活性,细胞毒性以及LPS诱导小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞产生NO抑制的实验对镰形棘豆黄酮类化合物的抗炎以及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果：通过HPLC-DAD方法同时测定了4个黄酮类化合物：2’,4’-二羟基查尔酮（1）,7-羟基二氢黄酮（2）,5,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基黄酮醇（3）和5,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-β-半乳糖苷（4）的含量,其中化合物4为该属植物中首次分离。化合物1和2具有较好的抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞产生NO的活性,化合物3表现出最强的体外清除自由基活性。结论：化合物1-3的体外抗氧化与抗炎活性与镰形棘豆临床上常用的功效密切相关,可以作为该植物主要活性和指标性成分,为该植物在质量控制方面提供了参考。     

镰形棘豆抗炎抗氧化活性研究及抗炎机制初探

目的：对镰形棘豆总生物碱、总挥发油、总黄酮、总皂苷和总多糖部位进行了体内外抗炎及抗氧化活性研究。方法：采用两种抗炎动物模型（TPA诱导的小鼠耳肿胀和卡拉胶诱导的小鼠腹腔白细胞迁移）,评价镰形棘豆提取物的抗炎活性;以总抗氧化活性、DPPH、羟基自由基清除实验作为抗氧化性指标,评价镰形棘豆提取物的抗氧化活性,筛选镰形棘豆抗炎抗氧化活性部位。并采用急性和亚急性炎症模型探讨镰形棘豆总黄酮部位的抗炎作用机制,同时对其胃肠道保护作用进行了评价。结果：实验结果表明,镰形棘豆总黄酮部位具有较好的抗炎抗氧化活性,且无任何胃肠道刺激作用。其抗炎机制可能与抑制炎症介质PGE2的水平、降低机体脂质过氧化程度（MDA）,提高机体抗氧化酶活性（SOD,CAT和GSH-Px）有关。结论：本研究为阐明传统药用植物镰形棘豆的抗炎作用提供科学的依据。     

药用石斛多糖药理活性及化学结构研究进展

对有关药用石斛多糖的文献进行整理和分析,对药用石斛多糖药理活性及化学结构的研究进展进行概述,以期为药用石斛资源的充分有效利用提供参考.已有的研究表明,药用石斛多糖具有显著的调节机体免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖和抗白内障的作用,并且金钗石斛、铁皮石斛、霍山石斛以及兜唇石斛的部分多糖的化学结构已经被鉴定,但关于药用石斛多糖的药理活性机制仍不清楚,用于药理活性研究的多糖主要是粗多糖,阐明药用石斛多糖药理活性与化学结构之间的构效关系是今后研究的重点.     

铁苋菜多糖体外抗氧化研究

目的:研究不同醇沉浓度下铁苋菜多糖的体外抗氧化活性.方法:用质量浓度为30％,45％,60％,75％,80％的无水乙醇分级沉淀的方法得到不同组分的铁苋菜多糖,分别采用高铁还原法、对二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH·)体系、光照核黄素法、硫代巴比妥酸法比较它们的总还原力(T-AOC)、对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用及对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化物(LPO)的抑制效果.结果:醇沉浓度为75％时对DPPH·的清除率达到了73.85％,其余各组分多糖都有良好的抗氧化效果,其中对O2-·和·OH的清除作用最为明显,清除率分别达到了92.47％和95.89％,几乎与抗坏血酸的清除作用相当,75％醇沉条件下的多糖对LPO也有较强的抑制作用.结论:铁苋菜各组分多糖都有较强的抗氧化作用.     

粉碎程度对仙人掌多糖得率及抗氧化活性的影响

目的:探讨粉碎工艺对仙人掌多糖得率及抗氧化活性的影响。方法:将仙人掌干粉粉碎至不同碎度后,比较其仙人掌多糖(Opuntia dillenii Haw.polysaccharides,ODPs)的得率、纯度、糖醛酸含量及抗氧化活性。结果:随着粉碎程度增加,ODPs得率、纯度及对O-2·和·OH的清除作用显著增加,表现出粗粉级、60目与100目级、200目与300目级3个等级(等级之间两两比较P0.05),但是糖醛酸含量无差异;300目碎度与粗粉比较,多糖得率、含量及对O-2·清除作用分别提高了100%、25%和150%。结论:结果提示,粉碎技术有助于提高仙人掌多糖的释放量,保持其品质及功效活性。     

响应面优化黄秋葵叶多糖的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性考察

目的:优化黄秋葵叶多糖的提取工艺条件,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价,为黄秋葵叶的开发提供参考。方法:在单因素试验基础上,选择超声波功率、提取温度和提取时间为考察因素,应用Box-Behnken中心组合进行三因素三水平设计,以多糖提取率为响应值,采用响应面法优化黄秋葵叶多糖的提取工艺。通过DPPH·和·OH的清除能力考察黄秋葵叶多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果:黄秋葵叶多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为超声功率160 W,温度54℃,时间91 min;黄秋葵叶多糖的提取率为4.81%,与理论值偏差很小。黄秋葵叶多糖清除DPPH·和·OH的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为2.65,1.47 g·L-1。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行、提取率高,黄秋葵叶多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,为黄秋葵的工业化生产提供参考。     

不同产地和不同品种枸杞子中多糖成分测定

目的 通过比较19批不同产地宁夏枸杞果实和3批北方枸杞果实的总糖含量、重均相对分子质量（M_w）及单糖组成,探索枸杞中多糖成分的差异性。方法 采用水提醇沉法获得22批枸杞的粗多糖成分,以葡萄糖为对照品,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量;Shodex SB-806 HQ型凝胶柱和Shodex SB-804 HQ型凝胶柱串联,流动相为0.1%氯化钠溶液,柱温为40 ℃,柱流速为0.5 mL·min^–1,采用凝胶渗透色谱-示差检测器-多角度激光光散射法（GPC-RI-MALLS）测定M_w及分布系数;选择Zorbax Eclipse XDB C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-磷酸二氢钾溶液,柱温为35 ℃,流速为1.0 mL·min^–1,检测波长为250 nm,采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-PDA）测定单糖组成,同时建立单糖组成指纹图谱。结果 22批枸杞样品中粗多糖成分的质量分数为3.24%~8.66%,M_w为0.733×10⁶~3.191×10⁶;多糖成分均由9种单糖组成,其中阿拉伯糖含量最高。结果显示,不同产地宁夏枸杞粗多糖结构较为一致,但北方枸杞中多糖成分在结构上与宁夏枸杞存在较明显差异,主要体现在M_w、色谱峰面积比及半乳糖醛酸含量上。结论 宁夏枸杞和北方枸杞的粗多糖成分在结构上有较大差异,且通过建立的单糖组成及M_w测定方法可以对其进行有效区分,可为枸杞质量标准完善及枸杞资源评价提供方法和思路。     

骆驼蓬多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性的测定

目的：确定骆驼蓬多糖的最佳提取条件及其抗氧化活性.方法：采用正交试验优化多糖提取工艺参数,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,邻苯三酚自氧化法测定骆驼蓬多糖的抗氧化活性.结果：骆驼蓬多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为：提取时间2h,提取温度95℃,料液比1∶25,提取次数2次.抗氧化活性测定表明,骆驼蓬多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性.结论：本实验可为骆驼蓬多糖的提取工艺及应用制定依据.     

败酱多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的:优化败酱多糖提取工艺,并评价其体外抗氧化活性。方法:在单因素考察的基础上设计正交试验,以提取时间、提取温度、料液比为考察因素,以多糖提取率为考察指标,优化败酱多糖的提取工艺;采用比色法考察其抗氧化活性。结果:最佳条件为提取时间3 h,提取温度100 ℃,提取次数3次,料液比1:25,多糖提取率为(3.42±0.27)%。多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)自由基具有较高的清除活性,对超氧阴离子和羟基的自由基清除作用相对不明显。结论:该方法稳定可靠,可用于提取具有较强抗DPPH活性的败酱多糖。     

蚬壳花椒果皮多糖抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:研究蚬壳花椒果皮多糖的体内外抗肿瘤活性。方法:采用水提醇沉法制备蚬壳花椒果皮多糖,以MTT法和移植性H22实体荷瘤小鼠为模型,检测不同剂量蚬壳花椒果皮多糖的体内外抗肿瘤作用。结果:当质量浓度为62.5～1 000μg/mL时,其对体外培养的2株人肿瘤细胞Hela和SMMC-7721的增殖表现出显著的抑制作用,IC50依次为460.9μg/mL、425.6μg/mL。体内实验表明,蚬壳花椒果皮多糖高(1.5g/kg)、中(0.75g/kg)、低(0.375g/kg)剂量组均能抑制荷瘤小鼠瘤块的生长,抑瘤率依次为41.55%、34.96%、33.71%;通过肿瘤组织病理学切片观察,同样显示蚬壳花椒果皮多糖具有较好的抗肿瘤作用。比较给药后荷瘤小鼠的肝脏指数、脾脏指数和胸腺指数后发现,蚬壳花椒果皮多糖毒副作用小,增强免疫功能。结论:蚬壳花椒果皮多糖在体内外均有明显的抗肿瘤活性。