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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of interferon-??(IFN-??) and all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) on multidrug resistance reversal effect and mechanism of human leukemia K562/ADM cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity and reversal times of IFN-?? and ATRA were detected by CCK-8 method. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. PI3K, Akt and Bad mRNA were detected by RT-PCR method. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of PI3K, AKt, P-AKt and Bad protein.RESULTS The drug resistance of K562/ADM cells to adriamycin(ADM) was 54 times. ADM, respectively, with IFN-??, ATRA or combined application, the drug resistance of K562/ADM cells to ADM was 1.24, 2.34 and 8.14, respectively. The apoptosis rate of K562/ADM cells was significantly increased by using ADM 4 mg??L^-1alone or in combination with IFN-?? 2.5??10⁶ U??L^-1, ATRA 7.5 ??mol??L^-1, and the cell cycle was blocked in G₀/G₁ phase. PI3K mRNA and protein expression were significantly lowered, Akt mRNA and protein has no obvious change, Bad mRNA and protein expression are raised, phosphorylated Akt protein expression decreased, the expression is more obvious when the two drug combination. CONCLUSION IFN-?? and ATRA can reverse the multidrug resistance of K562/ADM cells, its mechanism may be the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes in Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix(ABR, the dried root of Achyranthes bidentata Bl.) stored in simple and cool warehouses. METHODS ABR was stored in simple and cool warehouses for 27 months. The color was observed. The water content was determined based on the drying method. The contents of ??-ecdysone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were determined by HPLC method. The accumulation of temperature difference between the simple and cool warehouses was evaluated with a relative temperature cumulation (RTC) method. The monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes of ABR was analyzed with RTC. RESULTS As the extension of storage time, the ABR stored in the simple warehouse showed deeper color and harder texture, but the ABR stored in the cool warehouse still had soft texture without significant color change. The contents of ??-ecdysone in ABR stored in the two warehouses both gradually decreased and dropped to lower than the limit of 0.030% ruled by China Pharmacopoeia when being stored for up to 27 months. The contents of 5-HMF of ABR stored in the two warehouses both increased and were higher for the sample in the simple warehouse than that in the cool warehouse. CONCLUSION The concept of RTC is put forward and used to study the monthly dynamics of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine during storage for the first time. The physical and chemical indexes of ABR varies during storage. Two years of storage time of ABR is suggested.     

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??Chrysanthemum morifolium has a long history of culture and use in China. Due to different germplasm resources, producing areas, and processing methods, many cultivated varieties have formed now. The varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium are affected by economic interests and processing cost, which change gradually. On the basis of spot investigation and related literature study, the changes of the varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium were summarized in this paper. It will provide theoretical evidence for the culture, processing, quality evaluation, and clinical application of C. morifolium.     

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??OBJECTIVE To validate the conventional gel filtration chromatography (GFC) method for determination of the polymer impurities in ??-lactam antibiotics and achieve combination of GFC and RP-HPLC system. METHODS The effectiveness of the conventional GFC method was identified by 2D-GFC??LC-TOFMS and the polymer impurities found by GFC were identified by RP-HPLC. RESULTS The polymer impurities found by GFC mainly were degradation impurities and open ??-lactam ring impurities, which could not effectively characterize the sensitizing polymer impurities in cefotiam hydrochloride. CONCLUSION An effective method to characterize the polymer impurities in ??-lactam antibiotics may be established on the basis of online column switching technique which effectively combines the advantages of GFC and the ability of RP-HPLC to identify the special impurities.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare palmatine- loaded flexible nano-liposomes (PFNL) and study their pharmaceutical properties, in order to lay the foundation for the industral application. METHODS The flexible nano-liposomes were prepared by thin-film homogenization method with propyleneglycol (PG) as softening agent. The entrapment rate of palmatine was evaluated by protamine aggregation method and HPLC. The effects of concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PSC), cholesterol (CH), and PG on the entrapment efficiency of palmatine were also investigated. The pharmaceutical properties of PFNL were evaluated by TEM, PCS and CLSM. The deformation of PFNL was determined by its relative rate of permeating the microporous filter membrane. The coagulation rate constant (K) was measured by constant temperature conductivity method. The side-by-side diffusion cells and pig vaginal mucosa were used to investigate the characteristics of the release of palmatine from PFNL in vitro, and the effects of PFNL on the expression of cytokines (SLPI, LF and SP-D) were investigated and compared with classic liposomes and lotion of palmatine. RESULTS The palmatine entrapment efficiency was (78??2.13)% when the PFNL were prepared with PSC (3%), CH (0.02%), and PG (20%). The prepared nano flexible liposomes had a closed spherical or elliptical shape and appeared as multi-lamellar vesicles under the TEM and CLSM.The calculated mean size was (185??19) nm, and the Zeta potential was (-53??2.27) mV. The deformation of PFNL was (79??5.75)%. The coagulation rate constant (K) of PFNL was always lower than that of traditional palmatine- loaded liposomes. The accumulated permeation amount of palmatine from the PFNL at 6.0 h was 1.53 and 2.86 folds of those of classic liposomes and lotion, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of cytokines (SLPI, LF and SP-D) in female SD rats after being treated with PFNL, PCL and PL were similar to that of the control group. CONCLUSION The prepared PFNL have high encapsulation efficiency, good stability and safety, and greatly increase the vaginal mucosa permeability of palmatine. Flexible nano-liposomes may be a useful drug delivery carrier for the gynecological application of palmatine.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents and their proliferation activity on rat osteoblasts of Semen Sojae Praeparatum. METHODS The compounds were isolated by chromatography on silica gel column,MCI and sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. The proliferation test was performed by using rat osteoblasts with MTT assays in vitro. RESULTS Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as daidzin(1), daidzein(2),genistein(3), genistin(4), glycitein(5), glycitin(6),apigenin(7), ??-sitosterol(8), stigmasterol(9), campesterol(10), syringaldehyde(11), syringic acid(12), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 5-11 are isolated from Semen Sojae Praeparatum for the first time. The five isoflavones show proliferation activity on rat osteoblasts, and aglycones proved to show better activity than glycosides.
     

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??OBJECTIVE To address present situation and development trend of clinical pharmacy in Chinese hospitals.METHODS Considering with reporting data from Key Subject Construction Project on Clinical Pharmacy, Ministry of Health and Family Planning Committee (2013-2014), we analysis the present situation on talents training and team building, the work practice, research directions and the output of clinical pharmacy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The development of clinical pharmacy in China has gradually become the focus and direction of hospital pharmacy. Both opportunities and challenges exist in clinical pharmacy.     

全国半夏资源及生产现状调查

目的通过半夏野生、栽培资源及生产现状的调查,为半夏深入研究和可持续利用提供参考。方法从查阅文献资料入手,结合野外实地调查及标本采集、鉴定,重点调查半夏的产量、质量、分布面积,栽培品种、种子来源、种植技术、产销情况。结果发现部分半夏产区近年来其资源和生产情况发生了变化,种茎来源复杂并有严重的混杂情况,野生种质也较难采得。此外,品种选育工作薄弱,栽培地区大多缺乏规范的栽培管理和适当的病虫害防治技术。结论半夏野生资源保护及人工栽培技术都亟待重视和加强。     

医院中药制剂的现状与发展对策探讨

中药制剂发展历史悠久,但是近几年来随着国家政策的逐步调整,医院中药制剂的发展处于停滞不前,甚至萎缩状态。针对现状,医院中药制剂必须走科学化的特色制剂发展方向,应从简单的生产型转为技术开发型,大力开发中药特色制剂。采取建立以省级为单位的区域医院中心制剂室、医院中药制剂开发与临床科研协作、医院配剂不纳入制剂批准文号管理、适当降低医院中药制剂质量标准等对策,抓住医疗体制改革的良好机遇,促进医院中药制剂的发展。     

我国已注册改善睡眠保健食品的现状分析

使用描述性分析方法对我国1996—2019年注册的改善睡眠保健食品各年度注册情况、地区分布、主要原料、功效成分/标志性成分、剂型分类等信息进行统计分析。结果显示,1996—2019年我国共批准562个改善睡眠保健食品,产品注册地区多集中于北京、广东等经济发达地区;其中,66.84%的产品使用了中药原料,原料的选择较为集中;相关产品多以总皂苷、总多糖或总黄酮等广泛存在于植物中的组分作为功效成分/标志性成分;改善睡眠保健食品的主要剂型为硬胶囊、软胶囊、片剂、口服液和颗粒剂。目前,我国改善睡眠保健食品存在一定程度的同质化、功能因子不明确、缺乏中医药理论特色、成分与声称功能的关联性差等问题。因此,在后续保健食品的开发中,应注意结合中医药理论特色、开发功能因子明确、作用机制清楚的助眠产品,从而更好地促进保健食品行业的健康发展。     

国家中医临床研究基地临床科研人员基本情况调查与分析

目的：比较系统地了解国家中医临床研究基地临床科研人员的基本情况,为加强国家中医临床研究基地业务建设,提升临床科研人员研究能力、提高中医科研水平提供基础和参考。方法：以参加国家中医临床研究基地培训的中医临床科研骨干为研究对象,对其基本情况及临床研究过程中存在的问题、障碍进行问卷调查。结果：584 名科研人员中,男女比例相当,平均年龄35 岁,学历及职称分布较平均,承担课题或参与课题的积极性较高,阅读专业文献、发表文章、科研方法学习情况较好,临床科研存在的问题及障碍比较突出。结论：应加强临床科研人员自身的研究能力建设、完善激励机制和评估体系,以期促进临床研究水平的提升。     

茂名地区50家医院药学服务现状调查分析

目的：分析茂名地区50家医院药学服务状况.方法：采取问卷法对茂名地区50家医院的药学服务现状进行调查.结果：回收1 76份样本问卷（98.3％）,其中78％的医院开展了单剂量药品调剂业务,56％的医院设置了药学信息咨询部门,12％的医院配备了专职临床药师,但多为1～2名.结论：茂名地区医院药学服务水平有一定提高,但在人才队伍建设、服务内容、药学人员素质和医院管理等方面仍有待改进.     

我国开展系统化整体护理的现状分析

系统化整体护理是一种护理行为的指导思想,是以人为中心,以现代护理观为指导,以护理程序为框架,并且把护理程序系统化地运用到临床护理和护理管理中去的指导思想。这一理念的提出,使护理工作者面临转变观念、提高认识的一场新的挑战。建设模式病房是系统化整体护理的临床实践,希望通过它以点带面,典型引路。目前我国护理人员极度缺乏,资金投入不足,人员整体素质偏低,都大大制约了整体护理的发展,故建立健全整体护理质量管理体系,使其步入规范化科学化的轨道,是目前亟待解决的问题。