1个前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者的腋窝非前哨#br# 淋巴结转移情况及危险因素分析#br#

目的研究1个前哨淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌患者腋窝非前哨淋巴结（NSLN）转移情况及危险因素,为该类患者豁免腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）提供指导。方法选取2013年1月至2020年12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院行前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）证实仅有1个前哨淋巴结阳性且行ALND的乳腺癌患者465例,根据其腋窝NSLN转移情况,分为NSLN转移组104例,NSLN未转移组361例。比较两组的一般资料,采用二元Logistic回归分析腋窝NSLN转移的独立影响因素。结果465例仅1个前哨淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者中,104例（224%）发生腋窝NSLN转移。其中,多个亚组患者的腋窝NSLN转移率<10%,如肿瘤T1a+b期的NSLN转移率仅91%、肿瘤T1期且前哨淋巴结数量＞5个的腋窝NSLN转移率仅70%等。单因素分析结果显示,NSLN转移组与NSLN未转移组前哨淋巴结数、肿瘤T分期差异有统计学意义（P<005）。前哨淋巴结2～5个、肿瘤分期为T2～T3期的患者更容易发生腋窝NSLN转移。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤分期为T2～T3期、前哨淋巴结数≤5个是患者腋窝NSLN转移的独立危险因素。结论仅有1个前哨淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者总体腋窝NSLN转移率为224%,肿瘤T分期和前哨淋巴结数为腋窝NSLN转移的影响因素,在对仅1个前哨淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌患者豁免ALND时应重点考虑。     

前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者非前哨淋巴结转移的影响因素分析

目的 前哨淋巴结活检术(sentinel lymph nodes biopsy,SLNB)已经广泛应用于乳腺癌外科治疗,临床发现部分转移淋巴结仅局限于前哨淋巴结.本研究分析前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph nodes,SLN)阳性乳腺癌患者非前哨淋巴结(non-sentinel lymph nodes,NSLN)转移的影响因素,从而避免不必要的腋窝淋巴结清除(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND).方法 回顾性分析聊城市人民医院乳腺外科2013-07-1-2015-06-30 SLNB阳性行ALND的77例女性乳腺癌患者临床病理资料,分析NSLN转移的影响因素.结果 在SIN清除个数≥4个的情况下,单因素分析发现阳性SLN≥2个(x2=10.109,P=0.01)以及LuminalB型患者(x2=6.442,P=0.02)发生NSLN转移的风险高.Logistic回归进行多因素分析发现,阳性SLN≥2个是影响NSLN转移的独立危险因素(OR=207.833,95％ CI为1.430～30 201.980,P=0.036).结论 阳性SLN数和分子亚型是影响NSLN转移的危险因素,阳性SLN≥2个是影响NSLN转移的独立危险因素.     

女性乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结和非前哨淋巴结转移危险因素研究

目的 分析前哨淋巴结(SLN)与非前哨淋巴结(NSLN)转移的危险因素,从而避免过度的腋窝淋巴清除治疗.方法 收集2015-09-01-2020-04-25新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院收治的422例患乳腺癌并行前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)患者的相关临床资料,部分SLN阳性患者行腋窝淋巴结清除术(ALND).采用病例...     

1枚前哨淋巴结阳性早期乳腺癌保腋窝的可行性分析

目的探讨1枚前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）阳性的早期乳腺癌患者保腋窝（omitting axillary dissection,OAD）的可行性。方法用美蓝作为示踪剂先行乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）,根据快速冰冻病理结果分为SLN阴性组与1枚SLN阳性组,随后两组均行常规腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND）以解剖出非前哨淋巴结（non—sentinellymphnode,NSLN）,比较两组间NSLN的阳性率。结果SLN阴性组30例,1例NSLN阳性,阳性率为3．3％,准确性为96．7％（29／30）;1枚SLN阳性组30例,仅3例NSLN阳性,阳性率为10．0％;两组阳性率差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．071,P=0．612）。全组随访1～48个月,均无区域淋巴结复发。结论1枚SLN阳性的早期乳腺癌患者可考虑OAD。     

不同分子分型1～2枚前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌免行腋窝淋巴结清扫的多因素分析

目的探讨不同分子分型1～2枚前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph nodes,SLNs）阳性乳腺癌免行腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND）的临床病理因素,并为临床精准化提供依据。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2018年6月274例就诊于内蒙古医科大学附属医院和内蒙古医科大学附属人民医院经病理证实的乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料,采用单因素及Logistic多因素分析筛选1～2枚SLN阳性但非前哨淋巴结（nonsentinel lymph node,NSLN）转移率较低的患者,同时明确其与不同分子分型的关系。结果274例1～2枚SLN阳性乳腺癌患者中,NSLN转移率为36.9%（101/274）。HER-2阳性（HR阳性）患者NSLN转移率最高, 占55.3%（21/38）;三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer,TNBC）患者中NSLN转移率最低,占18.5%（5/27）。Luminal B型（HER-2阴性）乳腺癌患者的NSLN转移率明显高于Luminal A型（P=0.010）和TNBC患者（P=0.011）;HER-2阳性（HR阳性）乳腺癌患者的NSLN转移率明显高于Luminal A型（P=0.002）和TNBC患者（P=0.003）。 Logistic多因素分析显示,SLN转移数目（OR=4.022, 95%CI为2.348～6.889,P<0.001）,SLN检测（OR=3.846, 95%CI为1.541～9.600,P=0.004）,组织学分级（P<0.001）和分子分型（P=0.004）是1～2枚SLN阳性乳腺癌NSLN转移的独立影响因素。结论Luminal B型（HER-2阴性）和HER-2阳性（HR阳性）患者的NSLN阳性率较高,SLN转移数目、SLN检测、组织学分级和分子分型是NSLN转移的独立影响因素。      

术中快速预测乳腺癌非前哨淋巴结转移模型的建立与验证研究

背景与目的:大部分前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)阳性而接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)的患者,腋窝非前哨淋巴结(non-sentinel lymph node,nSLN)并没有发生转移,因此准确预测nSLN转移至关重要.该研究将建立基于分子诊断一步核酸扩增法(one-step nucleic acid amplification,OSNA)的术中快速预测乳腺癌nSLN转移的模型,以期有效指导乳腺癌后续治疗.方法:利用2010年OSNA临床试验入组的552例患者中SLN阳性、并接受ALND的103例患者数据,建立基于分子诊断的乳腺癌NSLN转移的预测模型,并利用2015年OSNA临床试验入组的327例患者中61例符合相同条件的患者数据进行验证.结果:原发肿瘤大小、SLN总肿瘤负荷、SLN阳性数及阴性数是NSLN转移的四个独立相关因素,利用这四个因素建立预测列线图,得出建模组患者的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)为0.814,验证组患者的AUC为0.842.利用验证组61例患者影像学评估的肿瘤大小替代病理大小对本模型进行了验证,得出AUC为0.838,与模型验证性AUC相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.7406).结论:基于分子诊断的乳腺癌预测nSLN转移的模型既可以术中快速预测腋窝淋巴结转移风险,也可以术后常规预测,明显优于其他预测模型,对后续腋窝的处理及放疗靶区勾画具有更好的指导价值.     

前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨活性染料亚甲蓝检测早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的可行性及其临床意义.方法:利用亚甲蓝对48例乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)并同时行腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND),根据病理结果进行评价.结果:SLN检出率为95.8% ,SLN对ALN状况预测的敏感度为 90.3%,准确率为95.7%,假阴性为6.5%,假阳性为0.结论:前哨淋巴结活检能比较准确地反映早期乳腺癌的腋窝淋巴结转移情况,可为SLN阴性的患者"保腋窝"提供依据.     

乳腺癌伴1～2枚前哨淋巴结转移腋窝外科处理的研究进展

摘 要：乳腺癌腋窝手术对确立临床分期、辅助治疗选择及预后判断均有重要价值。临床淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌,应用前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）确定腋窝淋巴结分期已成为标准。对于前哨淋巴结（SLN）阴性的乳腺癌,腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）可以避免;而对于SLN阳性的乳腺癌,ALND仍是标准的腋窝处理方式。然而,在SLN阳性患者中进一步行ALND后发现,在仅1～2枚SLN阳性患者中,61.4%～64.5%非前哨淋巴结（nSLN）为阴性。已有大量的临床研究探索了特定条件下的1～2枚SLN阳性患者免除ALND的可行性与安全性。全文就乳腺癌伴1～2枚SLN转移腋窝外科处理的相关研究进行综述。     

前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征与非前哨淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨腋窝前哨淋巴结(SLN)阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征与非前哨淋巴结(n SLN)转移的关系。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年7月广东省妇幼保健院乳腺病中心379例临床分期为T1-2N0M0期、行SLN活组织检查之后完成腋窝淋巴结清扫的乳腺癌患者资料,其中,SLN转移(SLN+)患者共125例,包括70例n SLN转移者(n SLN+组)和55例n SLN未转移者(n SLN-组)。应用χ2检验及Logistic Regression模型逐步回归法分析临床病理特征与n SLN转移的关系。结果 44%(55/125)SLN阳性患者的腋窝淋巴结转移仅限于SLN。单因素分析显示,n SLN转移与原发肿瘤直径、淋巴结外转移、阳性SLN数目、ER和PR状态有关(Z=-2.075,P=0.038;χ2=8.545,P=0.003;χ2=4.344,P=0.037;χ2=4.216,P=0.040;χ2=6.186,P=0.013)。多因素分析显示,淋巴结外转移、阳性SLN数目≥2枚、PR(+)为n SLN转移的独立影响因素(OR=4.114,95%CI:1.550~10.919,P=0.005;OR=2.454,95%CI:1.027~5.867,P=0.043;OR=0.370,95%CI:0.165~0.832,P=0.016)。结论淋巴结外转移、阳性SLN数目≥2枚及PR(+)的SLN阳性乳腺癌患者更容易发生n SLN转移。     

乳腺癌SLN阳性与残余腋淋巴结阳性的预测因素

目的明确前哨淋巴结(SLN)阳性乳腺癌中不同的临床病理特点,并确定非SLN(NSLN)发生转移的预测因素。方法回顾分析726例成功确定了SLN的0~Ⅱ期乳腺癌病例,SLN阳性的185例患者接受腋窝淋巴结清除(ALND)。根据NSLN有无转移,将该185例分为两组,残余腋窝淋巴结有转移组(NSLN )81例,残余腋窝淋巴结无转移组(NSLN-)104例。结果多变量分析显示,原发肿瘤较大(>2.0cm)、淋巴管浸润、阳性SLN较大(>2mm)、所获得的SLN全部阳性4项均与NSLN阳性相关。在4项因素均存在的病例中,73%(30/41)存在NSLN阳性。结论4项独立的预测因素与NSLN转移有关。     

200 Sentinel lymph node biopsies without axillary lymph node dissection -- no axillary recurrences after a 3-year follow-up

The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of axillary recurrences in sentinel lymph node (SLN)-negative breast cancer patients after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone without further axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Between May 1999 and February 2002, 333 consecutive patients with primary invasive breast cancer up to 4 cm and clinically negative axillae were entered into this prospective study. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified using the combined method with blue dye (Patent blue V) and technetium 99m-labelled albumin (Nanocoll). Sentinel lymph nodes were examined by frozen sections, standard haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining. In SLN-positive patients, ALND was performed. Sentinel lymph node-negative patients had no further ALND. The SLN identification rate was 98.5% (328 out of 333). In all, 128 out of 328 (39.0%) patients had positive SLNs and complete ALND. A total of 200 out of 328 (61.0%) patients were SLN negative and had no further ALND. The mean tumour size of SLN-negative patients was 16.5 mm. The mean number of SLNs removed was 2.1 per patient. There were no local or axillary recurrences at a median follow-up of 36 months. The absence of axillary recurrences after SLNB without ALND in SLN-negative breast cancer patients supports the hypothesis that SLNB is accurate and safe while providing less surgical morbidity than ALND. Short-term results are very promising that SLNB without ALND in SLN-negative patients is an excellent procedure for axillary staging in a cohort of breast cancer patients with small tumours.     

美蓝在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的临床价值

目的探讨美蓝在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的临床价值。方法将1%美蓝2ml注入活检腔外上方的皮下及乳腺组织内,然后行Auchincloss仿根治术,依淋巴管走向找到蓝染淋巴结定为SLN,若此时未找到待腋窝清扫结束后,再在标本中寻找,蓝染者为SLN,余为非SLN,分别送病理检查。结果前哨淋巴结检出率为87.9%(95/108),SLN预测腋窝状况的准确率为95.7%(91/95),假阴性率为6.5%(4/62),无假阳性者。未检出者13例,其中4例为假阴性,均属跳跃式转移。前哨淋巴结转移阳性率(34.6%,33/95)和阴性率(65.3%,62/95),与全腋淋巴结转移阳性率(39.8%,43/108)和阴性率(60.2%,65/108)比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论美蓝前哨淋巴结活检可以准确预测乳腺癌患者的腋淋巴结状态。     

Predictors of tumour involvement in remaining axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node.

AIMS: To characterize the various clinicopathologic features in cases of breast cancer with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), in order to determine factors that might help in predicting the involvement of the non-SLNs. METHODS: A retrospective database review was performed of 726 breast cancer patients with stage 0-II, in whom SLNs were successfully identified. One hundred eighty-five of these patients showed positive SLNs, and subsequently underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). These cases were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of metastases in the non-SLNs, i.e. positive non-SLNs (NSLN+; 81 cases) and negative non-SLNs (NSLN-; 104 cases). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that a larger size of the primary tumour (>2.0cm), presence of lymphatic invasion, larger size of the largest SLN metastasis (>2mm), and a 100% metastatic rate in the SLNs (number of positive SLNs/number of harvested SLNs) were significantly associated with NSLN+. Among the cases in which all the four factors were present, 73% (30/41) were found to have NSLN+. CONCLUSION: We found four independent predictors in relation to non-SLN metastasis. Although these factors might be useful for determining the need of additional ALND, it would seem that even the presence of all of these four factors in combination may be insufficient to safely omit ALND. Thus, until further evidence is accumulated from the results of large clinical trials, ALND would still be recommended for patients with SLN metastasis.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate method for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the feasibility of SLNB in breast cancer patients who had received preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. METHODS: Patients with advanced breast cancer stage II or III who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and biopsy was attempted and performed, and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in the same surgical procedure after SLNB. The histopathologic examination of the SLNs and the dissected axillary lymph nodes was performed and nodal status was compared. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the study. After peritumoural injection of technetium-99m labelled human albumin and subareolar subcutaneous injection of blue dye, the SLNs could be identified in 26/30 patients (identification rate 86.7%). In 4/30 patients (13.3%) SLNs could not be identified. In 25/26 patients (96.2%) SLNs accurately predicted the axillary status. Eleven patients had negative SLNs and negative nodes in ALND. Six patients had positive SLNs and positive nodes in ALND. In eight patients SLNs only were positive and nodes in ALND were negative. One patient had a false-negative SLNB, calculating a false-negative rate of 6.7% (1/15). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB is a well introduced technique for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The accuracy of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is similar to patients with primary surgery. SLNB could be an alternative to ALND in a subgroup of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and therefore could reduce morbidity due to surgery in those patients. Due to small numbers of patients, further evaluation in this subset of patients is required.     

Nomogram including the total tumoral load in the sentinel nodes assessed by one-step nucleic acid amplification as a new factor for predicting nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients

Several models have been developed to predict non-sentinel nodes (NSLN) metastasis in patients with a positive sentinel node (SLN) that incorporates a standard pathology examination of the SLN. It has been reported that total tumoral load (TTL) in the SLNs assessed by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) is a predictive factor for additional NSLN metastasis in the axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The objective was to develop a nomogram that predicts patient´s risk of additional NSLN metastasis incorporating TTL in the SLNs assessed by OSNA. Six hundred and ninety-seven consecutive patients with positive SLN evaluation by OSNA and a completion ALND were recruited. Pathologic features of the primary tumor and SLN metastases, including TTL were collected. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors predictive of non-SLN metastasis. A nomogram was developed with these variables and validated in an external cohort. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, tumor size, number of affected SLN, Her2 overexpression, lymphovascular invasion, and TTL were each associated with the likelihood of additional NSLN metastasis (p < 0.05). The overall predictive accuracy of the nomogram, as measured by the AUC was 0.7552 (95 %CI 0.7159–0.7945). When applied to the external cohort the nomogram was accurate with an AUC = 0.678 (95 %CI 0.621–0.736). This novel nomogram that incorporates TTL assessed by OSNA performs well and may help clinicians to make decisions about ALND for individual patients. Moreover, the standardization of pathologic assessment by OSNA may help to achieve interinstitutional reproducibility among nomograms.     

Axillary reverse mapping in patients undergoing axillary dissection -a short review of the literature

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be avoided not only in patients with negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) but also in those with one or two positive SLNs receiving breast or axillary radiation. However, ALND has remained the standard treatment for patients with clinically positive nodes (cN+). Although axillary reverse mapping (ARM) was developed to map and preserve arm lymphatic drainage during ALND, it could not be indicated for cN + patients because metastatic rate of ARM nodes is high. However, a new type of conservative ALND with ARM attempts to preserve ARM lymphatics and nodes except SLNs and other suspicious palpable nodes, including suspicious ARM nodes. This procedure allowed reduction of the rate of arm lymphedema without increasing axillary recurrence, although patients received postoperative chemotherapy and high-risk patients underwent axillary radiation. Thus, a traditional full ALND may not be necessary for cN + patients in the era of effective multimodality therapy.     

前哨淋巴结活检指导保留乳房手术患者行选择性腋窝淋巴结清除术的研究

目的研究通过前哨淋巴通道（SLC）行前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）以指导保留乳房手术（breast—conservingtherapy,BCT）患者行选择性腋窝淋巴结清除术（ALND）的可行性。方法采用非随机对照研究,在BCT患者中采用联合示踪法通过SLC行SLNB。对术中检出的前哨淋巴结（SLN）行细胞印片和冰冻切片检查,根据SLN的术中病理结果行选择性ALND,其中SI。N阳性、行ALND者为A组,SI。N阴性仅行SLNB者为B组。定性资料的比较选用Y。检验,两组均数的比较采用t检验。结果2009年1月至2009年12月采用联合示踪法行SLNB的BCT患者共43例,检出42例,A组28例,B组14例。两组患者的SLC均被显影。每例患者被检出SLN1～3枚,平均1．4枚,共被检出59枚。SLNB检出率为97．7％（42／43）。术后病理检查共检出阳性SI,N29例,其中术中细胞印片、冰冻切片及二者联合病理检测分别检出阳性淋巴结27、27、28例。A组ALND相关并发症发生率明显高于B组（P=0．003）。结论通过SLC行SLNB有助于准确定位SLN,能够指导BCT患者行选择性ALND,降低术后并发症。