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??OBJECTIVE To analyze the regularity, clinical reactions and outcomes of the adverse reaction of sorafenib to provide reference for safe medication in clinical practice. METHODS The case reports of sorafenib ADR which were published at international medical academic periodicals during 2006-2016 were collected and analyzed statistically in respect of gender, age, disease informations, clinical manifestation and RESULTS of treatment. RESULTS A total of 93 adverse reactions were identified and included in the analysis, 22 cases were unexpected ADR. The ADR happened in male was more than in female, and the age of 61-80 was the most common population (45.16%). The ADR was mostly happened in 1 month (71.11%) after therapy. Lesions of skin and its appendants were the most commonly reported ADRs (51.52%), followed by the lesions of digestive system (22.73%) ,which reported the most of the death cases (n=19 , 6 death). The ADR correlation rate was high in these case reports. CONCLUSION Multiple organ systems are involved in the ADRs of sorafenib, amd careful clinical observation and symptomatic treatment in time are necessary.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an RP-HPLC analytical method for simultaneous determination of crysoeriol and centaureidin in the aeries parts of Echinops integrifolius. METHODS The separation was achieved on a Kromasil C₁₈ column ( 4. 6 mm??250 mm,5 ??m)at 30 ?? using acetonitrile-water-acetic acid solution (35??65??2) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL??min^-1 and 350 nm as the detection wavelength. RESULTS The linear ranges of crysoeriol and centaureidin were 0.4-2.4 mg??L^-1(r=0.999 8), 0.6-2. 6 mg??L^-1 (r=0.999 9), respectively. The average recoveries (n=6) were 91.6% and 92.7%, and RSDs were 1.37% and 1.08% respectively. CONCLUSION The methodology validation shows that this method is accurate,simple and reliable,which is applicable for the simultaneous determination of two flavonols crysoeriol and centaureidin in the aeries parts of Echinops integrifolius.     

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??Quercetin could affect both the in vivo and in vitro transport of a variety of commonly used drugs by modulating the uptake transporter organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATPs), organic anion transporters (OATs), efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. Quercetin can regulate various drug transporters, thereby affecting other drugs in vivo process.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare the total alkaloids of Strychni Semen(TASS)-total glucosides of Paeony(TGP) gel and study its in vitro transdermal absorption of two alkaloids(strychnine and brucine) after the combination of TASS and TGP. METHODS The excised abdominal skin of mice was used as the permeation model. Utilizing the modified Franz diffusion cell, the suitable receiving solution was elected to test the content of two alkaloids by HPLC, and thus the percutaneous rates and permeability coefficients were obtained. RESULTS 20% Ethanol-normal saline was taken as receiving solution. With combination use of TASS and TGP, the penetration quantities of strychnine and brucine in different (1:1,1:3,1:6) gels were felled by 22.7%,48.4%,69.1% and 5.93%,23.8%,80.7% after 24 h. And with the increase of compatibility proportion, infiltration rate and skin retention rate also gradually reduced. CONCLUSION The compatibility of TASS and TGP drug delivery can reduce the toxic ingredients through capacity, there is a “attenuated” effect, the best ratio is 1:6.     

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??OBJECTIVE To examine the in vitro release profile and in vivo retention of estradiol vaginal thermosensitive gel (E2-VTG).METHODS E2-VTISG was prepared by cold dissolving method.The dynamic membrane dialysis method and HPLC-fluorometric method were used to determine the in vitro release characteristic of the estradiol vaginal thermosensitive gel.CRi Maestro was applied to evaluate the retention of E2-VTG in ICR mice with IR820 as the fluorescent marker. RESULTS Estradiol could be released slowly from the thermosensitive gel and the release profile was fitted with Higuchi equation. It was speculated that estradiol was mainly released through diffusion.NIR imaging and fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that thermosensitive gel could reside in vagina for at least 8 h. CONCLUSION Estradiol thermosensitive gel can prolong the drug residence time in vagina and sustain the drug release rate.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish dose-related lung inflammatory injury in rats model with intratracheal atomization of lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharides, LPS). METHODS Four groups of 4 rats were subjected to solvent or a single dose of LPS by intratracheal route using a IA-1B-2 inches-microsprayer. The male rats received 200 ??L solvent (control), LPS solutions (15, 5, 0.5 mg??kg^-1). All rats were sacrificed 24 h after dose administration, biochemical analysis and cell counts on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were performed on each rat. Lung, trachea and kidney were examined histologically. Serum chemistry profiles of creatinine, ALB, Na, K, Cl^- were detected. RESULTS Cell counts in BALF showed LPS groups had different degrees of inflammatory reaction. The alkaline phosphatase and total protein concentration were higher in LPS high dose group compared with other groups. In addition, the concentration of TNF-?? increased consistently with LPS dose and has statistical significance compared with the control group. Histopathology findings demonstrated that LPS produced an accumulation of foamy macrophages in the lungs and high degree of inflammation. CONCLUSION The results recommends intratracheally atomizing doses of LPS in rats model produced ranks of lung inflammatory injury.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of hot-melt spray-dried andrographolide granules and compare it with andrographolide bulk drug. METHODS A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for determination of the concentration of andrographolide in plasma of rats which were respectively given micronized andrographolide and hot-melt spray-dried andrographolide granules, then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of andrographolide after a single dose administration of micronized andrographolide and hot-melt andrographolide were as following: t_1/2 were (347.33??9.32) and (390.82??8.78) min, t_max were (30.00??5.94) and (60.00??3.48) min, ??_max were (1 940.14??21.21) and (1 818.22??23.64) ng??mL^-1, AUC_0-t were (427 515.71??37 350.03) and (426 406.31??20 577.75) ng??min??mL^-1, AUC_0-inf were (545 423.14??47 969.18) and (593 569.87??30 247.35) ng??min??mL^-1, Vz/F were (43.48??4.75) and (44.96??3.81) kg??L^-1, CL/F were (86.78??3.35) and (79.74??2.89) kg??L^-1??min^-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with the bulk drug, the hot-melt spray-dried andrographolide granules have a longer t_1/2, lower ??_max and delayed t_max in rats.     

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??To improve the in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption as well as the bioavailability after oral administration by increasing the solubility with the formation of solid dispersion remains a great challenge for the oral dosage form design of poorly water-soluble drugs. Compared with the other pharmaceutical techniques in improving the solubility for poorly water-soluble drugs, priorities are usually given to solid dispersion for its manufacturing convenience. Following the characteristics introduction, we were focused this review on the novel carriers and advanced techniques used for preparing solid dispersions. Amphiphilic polymers used as novel solid dispersion carriers are Solutol HS 15, Soluplus and poly [MPC-co-BMA]. Inorganic materials like magnesium aluminum metasilicat, mesoporous silica microparticle and mesoporous magnesium carbonate are introduced together with the advanced solid dispersing techniques such as supercritical fluid technology, high speed electro-spinning and microenvironmental pH modified technology.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents of the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, MCI Gel CHP-20, ODS, silica gel chromatography combined with Pre-HPLC and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified from the water extract as catechol(1), protocatechuic aldehyde(2), 2-phenyl acetamide(3), methyl- 5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxlate(4), benzylcarbamic acid(5), N-benzylacetamide(6), raphanuside C(7), 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol(8), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol(9), isorhamnetin-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(10), kaempferol(11), methyl 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate(12), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile(13), syringic acid(14), protocatechuic acid(15), and methyl sinapate(16). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-16 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid DNA detection kit for DNA extraction and PCR identification of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. METHODS The classical DNA extraction and PCR identification METHODS for Panax ginseng C.A. Mey were modified, and the compositions and reaction conditions of the kit were determined. In addition, the specificity, stability, sensitivity, and repeatability of the kit were evaluated. The genomic DNAs of genuine and counterfeit ginseng goods were extracted by the kit and PCR was performed to identify the authenticity. The purity of the extracted DNA was detected by UV spectrophotometry. Finally, commercially available ginseng samples were verified. RESULTS The purity of the genomic DNA extracted by the kit was (1.73??0.13)(OD₂₆₀/ OD₂₈₀), and a fragment between 150 and 200 bp could be amplified only from authentic Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. The specificity of the kit was 100%. The repetitive experiments showed that the average intra-assay CV% and inter-assay CV% of the kit were 2.38% and 2.62%, respectively. The DNA in solutions diluted by 200 times could still be detected. Stability experiment proved that repeated freeze-thawing for 20 times had no significant effect on the activity of this kit and the test sample could be stored at -20 ?? for one year. The specificity test confirmed that 8 samples among the 10 commercial products were genuine, and 2 were counterfeit. CONCLUSION The nucleic acid extraction and purity of the DNA detection kit can meet the requirement for identification of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.The kit has good specificity, high sensitivity, and good stability, so it is suitable for the rapid detection of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.     

半夏泻心汤加减治疗围绝经期抑郁症的机制作用

目的:观察半夏泻心汤加减治疗围绝经期抑郁症的临床疗效及对5-羟色胺(5-HT)和促炎因子的影响。方法:将139例患者随机按数字表法分为对照组69例和观察组70例。对照组口服替勃龙片,2.5 mg/次,1次/d;口服盐酸帕罗西汀片,20 mg/次,1次/d。观察组西药治疗同对照组,并内服半夏泻心汤加减,1剂/d。两组疗程均为连续治疗8周。进行治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17),Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA),改良Kupperman(KI),肝郁脾虚证和围绝经期综合征生活质量评定量表(MENQOL)评分;检测治疗前后5-HT,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF),进行不良反应量表(TESS)评价。结果:治疗后观察组HAMD-17和SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组抑郁症疗效优于对照组(Z=2.074,P<0.05);观察组抑郁程度轻于对照组(Z=2.157,P<0.05);观察组患者的HAMA,KI和肝郁脾虚证评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组围绝经期综合征严重程度轻于对照组(Z=2.046,P<0.05);观察组MENQOL量表血管舒缩症状和心理症状2个维度评分和总分均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组5-HT高于对照组,BDNF高于对照组(P<0.01),TNF-α,IL-1β水平均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组TESS评分低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:在常规西医治疗的基础上,加服半夏泻心汤加减能进一步改善抑郁、焦虑和围绝经期综合(PMS)症状,提高生活质量,并可抑制促炎因子,增强5-HT,BDNF表达,且无不良事件发生。     

纽曼护理对乳腺癌手术患者心理健康和生活质量的影响

目的：探讨纽曼护理对乳腺癌手术患者心理健康和生活质量的影响。方法：将50例乳腺癌手术患者随机分为研究组和对照组各25例。对照组实施常规护理,研究组给予纽曼护理,观察2组护理前后Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）和乳腺癌患者生活质量量表评分的变化情况。结果：SAS、SDS评分护理后研究组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。生活质量各维度评分护理后研究组均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：纽曼护理可改善乳腺癌手术患者的心理健康,提高生活质量。     

毫火针宣通法治疗偏头痛疗效观察

目的:观察毫火针宣通法治疗偏头痛的临床疗效。方法:将90例偏头痛患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组患者口服盐酸氟桂利嗪胶囊,治疗组在对照组基础上给予毫火针宣通法治疗,治疗4周。比较两组治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、头痛持续时间、中度以上头痛发作天数、偏头痛特异生活质量问卷(MSQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)。结果:治疗4周后,治疗组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者头痛持续时间、中度以上头痛发作天数及VAS、MSQ、SAS、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组患者治疗4周后、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月头痛持续时间,中度以上头痛发作天数及VAS、SAS、SDS评分均降低,MSQ评分则升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗组各时间点头痛持续时间、中度以上头痛发作天数及VAS、SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组,MSQ评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:毫火针宣通法治疗偏头痛疗效较好,可减轻患者疼痛,缩短疼痛持续时间,减少疼痛发作天数,提高患者生活质量。     

疏肝健脾解郁汤联合针灸对围绝经期抑郁症患者 更年期kupperman评分和焦虑抑郁评分的影响

目的:分析疏肝健脾解郁汤联合针灸对围绝经期抑郁症患者更年期kupperman评分和焦虑抑郁评分的影响。方法:选取94例围绝经期抑郁症患者,随机分为对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予疏肝健脾解郁汤联合针灸治疗,两组各47例。比较两组焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、更年期kupperman评分的差异。结果:两组治疗后SAS、SDS及更年期kupperman评分较治疗前均显著降低,且观察组评分较对照组显著降低（P<0.05）。结论:疏肝健脾解郁汤联合针灸可有效改善围绝经期抑郁症患者临床疗效,减轻负性情绪。     

养心固本汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并抑郁/焦虑状态的影响

目的 :观察养心固本汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)合并抑郁/焦虑状态患者的疗效以及对生存质量的影响。方法:筛选慢阻肺合并抑郁/焦虑状态患者96例,随机分为两组,对照组48例接受西医基础治疗,治疗组48例在西医治疗基础上加用养心固本汤,治疗45 d后,比较两组患者抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、慢阻肺患者自我评估测试(CAT)评分、中医症状总积分、6 min步行距离(6MWD)及肺功能指标治疗前后及组间的差异。结果:治疗后两组SAS评分、中医症状总积分较治疗前均明显降低(P0.05),组间比较治疗组优于对照组(P0.05)。对照组SDS评分、CAT评分、6MWD治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义,治疗组治疗后SDS评分、CAT评分下降(P0.05),6WMD延长(P0.05),组间比较治疗组优于对照组(P0.05)。肺功能指标治疗前后差异两组间比较均无统计学意义。结论:养心固本汤可以改善慢阻肺合并抑郁/焦虑状态患者的情志状态,提高活动耐力,改善生活质量。     

电针董氏奇穴联合舒肛解郁止痛汤中药坐浴治疗功能性肛门直肠痛的临床研究

目的 观察电针董氏奇穴联合舒肛解郁止痛汤中药坐浴治疗功能性肛门直肠痛的临床疗效.方法 将60例功能性肛门直肠痛患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组各30例.对照组采用中药舒肛解郁止痛汤温水坐浴,治疗组在中药温水坐浴的基础上联合电针董氏奇穴中双侧"三其穴(其门、其角、其正)"、灵骨、大白、肠门.比较两组患者临床疗效、疼...     

循证护理应用于原发性闭角型青光眼患者的效果观察

目的：探讨循证护理在原发性闭角型青光眼手术患者中的应用效果。方法：将50例球后麻醉下行小梁切除术的原发性闭角型青光眼手术患者随机分为研究组和对照组各25例。比较2组Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）、改良睡眠状况自评量表（SRSS）和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）评分变化。结果：SAS、SDS和SRSS评分护理后研究组明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,而SSRS各维度评分研究组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：循证护理可改善原发性闭角型青光眼手术患者的负性情绪,提高睡眠质量和社会支持。     

中医情志护理配合穴位贴敷对脑外伤术后患者情感、生活质量影响的研究

目的:观察中医情志护理配合穴位贴敷对脑外伤术后患者情感、生活质量的影响效果。方法:将108例患者随机分为对照组52例,观察组56例;对照组采用心理护理、并发症预防、营养支持和康复护理指导等综合西医护理措施;观察组在对照组的基础上给予中医情志护理配合穴位贴敷进行干预,2组疗程均为4周;观察比较2组患者治疗前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,自尊量表(SES)、日常生活能力(ADL)和健康SF-36量表[包括健康状况(GH)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、心理健康(MH)、生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)]评分;并评价患者护理满意度。结果:治治疗后,2组患者SAS、SDS评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);且观察组SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SES评分较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),ADL评分明显下降(P<0.05);且观察组SES、ADL评分改善较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组患者GH、VT、SF、RE、MH、PF、RP和BP评分均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05);且观察组上述各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。经秩和检验,观察组患者护理满意度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中医情志护理联合穴位贴敷干预脑外伤术后患者疗效显著,可减轻患者焦虑、抑郁状态,提高了患者的自尊度和生活活动能力,明显改善了患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

心理干预对2型糖尿病患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响

目的：探讨心理干预对2型糖尿病患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法：88例2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予心理干预,对照组给予常规治疗,比较治疗前后抑郁量表（SDS）、焦虑量表（SAS）及生活质量评估表评分,并作科学评估。结果：①治疗3个月后,治疗组患者治疗后焦虑及抑郁值明显降低,与对照组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;②治疗3个月后,治疗组患者生活质量评分低于对照组,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：心理干预能够改善2型糖尿病患者负性情绪及生活质量。     

中药外贴干预强直性脊柱炎患者负性情绪及生活质量的研究

目的研究中药外贴双侧华佗夹脊穴治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者的临床疗效及治疗后负性情绪和生活质量的变化。方法将128例男性AS患者随机分为2组,对照组62例给予柳氮磺胺吡啶加白芍总甙胶囊口服并双侧华佗夹脊穴激光点灼,治疗组66例在对照组的基础上加用中药外贴双侧华佗夹脊穴。采用半定量症状分级法对AS患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、强直性脊柱炎患者生存质量测定表(QOL-AS)相关临床症状积分进行统计,分析AS患者负性情绪及生活质量的变化和临床疗效。结果 AS患者焦虑抑郁指数(SAS+SDS积分)较健康人明显升高(P0.05),且HLA-B27阳性患者焦虑抑郁指数较阴性患者显著下降(P0.05);AS患者生活质量有不同程度的下降(P0.05或0.01),且HLA-B27阳性患者较阴性患者下降显著(P0.05);经2个疗程治疗后2组患者上述各指标改善明显(P0.05或0.01),2组比较有显著性差异(P0.05或0.01)。结论 AS患者处于轻中度精神抑郁状态,生活质量有一定程度的下降,以HLA-B27阳性患者更甚。中药外贴法可改善AS患者的负性情绪,提高生活质量。